高考必考语法改错之主谓一致十大经典错误名师优质课赛课一等奖市公开课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考必考语法改错,主谓一致,错中学 易掌握,印象深 永不忘,第1页,第2页,主谓一致,是指英语句子中,_,和,_,在,_,、,_,方面一致。主谓一致是中学英语语法教学重点，也是历届高考,单项选择,短文改错,题中测试重点之一。,主语,谓语,数,人称,第3页,主谓一致三条原则,现代英语主谓一致大体要遵照如下三条原则：,主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。,2)意义一致原则。,3)就近原则。,由either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also连接或由here,there等引导句子，谓语动词遵照这一原则。,主语和谓语一致不是由主语语法形式来决定，而是由主语所示意义决定。,谓语动词单、复数取决于最靠近它主语。,1)语法一致原则。,第4页,主谓一致错误,谓语动词人称和数与主语不一致。,1 检查主谓在数上与否违反了语法一致原则。,2 检查主谓在数上与否违反了意义一致原则。,3 检查主谓在数上与否违反了邻近原则。,第5页,主谓一致考点：,（1）主语与谓语动词语法一致；,（2）就近原则（eitheror/neithernor/not only but also等构造中一致问题）；,（3）附加原则，主语+together/along with/in addition to/as well as/except/besides/including等+谓语动词构造中主谓一致问题；,（4）整体原则（主语从句、不定式、时间、距离、金钱等词组做主语，一般被视为一种整体，谓语动词用单数形式；,（5）有一类词（team/all/some/the rest 等）要根据它在句中实际表达意义来决定谓语动词单复数,第6页,1.The teacher as well as the students were excited.,【,改错,】,was,_,主谓一致,第一题,主语与谓语被插入成分分割,这时要跨越插入成分,找到真正主语。即：主语+with/along with/together with/as well as/besides/except/but/like/unlike/rather than/including等+名词或代词时,谓语动词数应与前面主语保持一致。,注意！,关键指数,难度指数,No.1,第7页,2.Either you or one of your students are to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致,第二题,当两个主语由,either or,neither nor,whether or,not only but also,连接时，谓语动词和邻近主语一致。,注意！,关键指数,难度指数,No.2,第8页,3.All we need are a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致,第三题,句意：所有我们需要只是一小块在一年成长季节里可以种植多种各样果树土地。all作主语时，如指复数概念，动词用复数；如指单数概念，动词用单数。根据背面a small piece of land可知这里表达单数概念,。,注意！,关键指数,难度指数,No.3,第9页,1.The construction of the two new railway lines have been pleted by now.（陕西卷06-12）,【,改错,】,has,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,The construction,作主语,不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数,.,注意！,语法一致原则,第10页,1.The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around$8,450 a year,which _ a burden for some of them.(,湖南,),第一空定语从句主语为,living expenses,，用复数谓语；第二空,which,指代整个主句引导定语从句作从句主语，谓语应用单数。,are,is,语法填空：,第11页,2.Generally,students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.(,江苏,),主语为motivation抽象名词，故谓语为单数；根据generally可知，谓语为一般目前时态。,is,3.All the scientific evidence _show),that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health.(,湖南,),第一空主语为,evidence,不可数名词，故谓语为单数；第二空,that,宾语从句中主语为,increasing use,为抽象名词，故谓语动词为单数。,shows,is,第12页,2,1,.Not the students but the teacher have been praised.,【,改错,】,has,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,在not.but.句型中，谓语动词应与but背面名词或代词保持一致。因此应将have改为has。,注意！,就近原则,eitheror/neithernor/not only but also,第13页,2,2,.There are a rubber and two pencils in the box.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,there be句型中be动词数形式常取决于其后所接第一种名词数形式。此句中应将are改为is。,注意！,就近原则,第14页,2,3,.There is a wide variety of people on the earth.,【,改错,】,are,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,a variety of“形形色色，多种各样”，of之后名词是可数时，其名词要用复数，谓语也要用复数形式。,注意！,第15页,Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.,Neither he nor I _ clear about his intention.,Either you or he _ mistaken about me.,_ either of you a teacher?_ you or he a teacher?,are,am,is,Is,Are,语法填空：,第16页,3.You rather than I am going to go camping.,【,改错,】,are,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,rather than,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与,rather than,前面名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。,注意！,I,rather,than he,is to blame.,am,_,附加原则,第17页,1.The famous musician,as well as his students,_(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the Taipei Flower Expo.(,福建,),根据标志词，谓语为一般过去时态；as well as连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词跟第一种名词保持一致。,was invited,语法填空：,第18页,4,1,.Riding on the swings and playing with the ducks in the pond was our childrens greatest pleasures when we took them to the park.,【,改错,】,were,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,句子主语为两个并列v.ing，表达两件事情，根据下文when we took them to the park，因此用过去时态。,注意！,名词性从句及非谓语动词作主语.一般谓语动词用单数形式,但名词性从句及非谓语动词作主语分指两件事,则 用复数形式.,第19页,4,2,.What I say and do is of the same.,【,改错,】,are,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,what I say and do即what I say and what I do，说与做是两个不一样样概念，应视为复数，将is改为are。,注意！,what,引导名词性从句在句中作主语,第20页,43.What he sent her was some pretty bs.,【,改错,】,were,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,当主语从句与其后表语可以互换时，其谓语动词应与背面表语保持一致，故应将was改为were,与some pretty bs保持一致。,注意！,what,引导名词性从句在句中作主语,第21页,What I miss most badly _ the happy hours we spent together.,Studying rules _ helpful,but until such rules are used,they can be of no value to you.,How the TV Evening will be organized and who will be the general director _ not been decided.,Learning a theory and putting it into practice _two different things.,What I want _ details.,is,is,has,are,are,语法填空：,第22页,4,4,.I wonder who is playing volleyball.,【,改错,】,are,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,打排球至少是两个人以上，从句中谓语动词应用复数，把is改为are。,Who _ you?Who _ it?,注意！,意义一致原则,are,is,疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可依听说话人所要表达意思决定单、复数。,第23页,5,1,.Both rice and cotton is grown in the southern areas.,【,改错,】,are,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,and,both.and 连结并列主语.,若代表两个不一样样事物,用复数形式.,注意！,并列主语主谓一致,第24页,5,2,.The teacher and musician are going to give us a lecture.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,主语the teacher and musician是指一种人两种身份，既是教师又是音乐家，因而应将are改为is。假如表达两个人，应分别用定冠词来限制。如：The teacher and the headmaster have gone to Beijing.老师和校长两人去北京了。,注意！,意义一致原则,第25页,5,3,.The bread and butter are his favourite food.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,习惯上把bread and butter当作是一种整体，因此系动词应为is，而不用are。类似例子尚有：knife and fork,needle and thread,law and order,war and peace,watch and chain,等等。,注意！,意义一致原则,第26页,The secretary and cashier of the hotel _ absent today.,The secretary and the cashier of the hotel _ absent today.,The watch and chain _ beautiful.,is,are,is,语法填空：,第27页,【完毕句子】用动词合适形式填空,(1)战争与和平是一种历史上永恒主题。,War and peace_(be)a constant theme in history.,(2)中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。,Chinese and Japanese silk_(be)of good quality.,【结论】当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。,此外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一种单数形式主语时，其实是指两种不一样样事物，主语则应当看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应当用复数。,is,are,第28页,【尤其提醒】英语中并列构造表达整体概念有：,iron and steel钢铁,law and order治安,bread and butter 黄油面包,a watch and chain一块带链表,a knife and fork刀叉,a coat and tie配有领带上衣,aim and end目旳,truth and honesty真诚,第29页,无知与疏忽是这错误原因。,误：,Ignorance and negligence have caused this mistake.,正：,Ignorance and negligence has caused this mistake.,第30页,阐明：两个以上主语用连起来表达一种单纯意思或观念时，动词要用单数。例如 Truth and honesty is always the best policy.Slow and steady wins the race.Bread and butter is his abomination(憎恶,厌恶).,第31页,5,4,.Each boy and each girl in our class are able to sing in English.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,当“each/every/no/many a+单数名词+and each/every/no/many a+单数名词 构造应用单数动词。,注意！,并列主语主谓一致,第32页,【完毕句子】形式一致原则,(1)Every boy and every girl _(be)having sports now.,(2)One and a half hours _(be)not enough to me.,(3)More than one boy _(be)invited to the ball yesterday.,(4)Many a student in our class _(wear)glasses.,(5)Did you go to the show last night?,Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _ invited.,is,is,was,wears,was,第33页,【,结论,】,every/each/no,名词,and every/each/no,名词作主语时，谓语用单数。,“,one,单数名词,and a half”,作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,“,more than one,名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,“,many a,单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,第34页,During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.,Each day and each hour _(bring)its duty and one half of my time _ spent in reading.,is,brings,is,语法填空：,第35页,6.A hundred years are called a century.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,表达时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词，在表达单位数量用作主语时，一般被看作整体，谓语动词用单数。a hundred years应被看作一种整体，谓语动词应用单数形式，are要改为is。又如：Five dollars is not enough to buy that pen.五美元是不够买那枝钢笔。,注意！,整体原则,第36页,Twenty dollars in a week _ only a small sum,Three hours with your girl friend _(seem)to be short time.,It was reported that six _(kill)including a boy.,were killed,is,seems,语法填空：,第37页,7.A number of university students is waiting for the bus.,【,改错,】,are,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,a number of是固定短语，相称于many，因此谓语动词应用复数，改为are waiting for。,The number of university students goes up.,注意！,第38页,1.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.,（,NMET 1996,）,2.An increasing number of students,year by year,across China _(try)hard to realize their dream of studying abroad.,were,was,are trying,语法填空：,第39页,8,1,.More than one student were able to climb up the mountain.,【,改错,】,was,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,more than one单数名词作单数用，因此句中were应改为was。,但“more+复数名词+than one”构造，一般用复数动词。,注意！,复数意义，但一般用单数动词,第40页,(1)More than a student_ been sent to Japan since the 1990s.,(2)More than a hundred students_ been sent to Japan since the 1990s.,(3)More members than one _(have)protested against the proposal.,has,have,have,第41页,消防队员死了不止一人。,误：More than one firemen were killed.,正：More than one fireman was killed.,阐明:“more than”一般接单数名词或动词。例如:“More than more one man has told me so.”不过说“There are more than one man here.”和“There is more than one man here.”都对旳。,第42页,8,2,.,Many a student are playing games on the playground and only one girl or two are reading in the classroom.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,many a student,作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式,.one girl or two,谓语也用三人称单数。,注意！,复数意义，但一般用单数动词,is,_,第43页,many+,复数名词,用复数动词,;many a(n)+,单数可数,用单数动词,.,Many young girls _(like)to wear loose garments.,Many a young girl_(like)to wear loose garments.,“a+单数名词+or two”构造，多用单数动词。但“one or two+复数名词”构造，多用复数动词。,One or two reasons _ suggested.,A day or two _ enough.,like,likes,were,is,第44页,one and a half+,复数名词作主语,用单数动词,.,One and a half bananas _ left on the table.,is,第45页,9,1,.The police has arrested all the suspects.改错,】,have,_,The police,a policeman,The police,作“警察”“警方”解,在句中作主语时,谓语动词必须是复数形式。,集合名词作主语,.,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,第46页,9,2,.A police caught the thief.,【,改错,】,policeman,_,police意为“警察部门”是集合名词,表达复数意义,前面必须有定冠词。policeman意为“警务人员”,假如要表达“一种警察”,则用a policeman或a police officer。,The police,a policeman,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,第47页,93,.The police are an organization which protects the public from harm.,【,改错,】,is,_,The police,还可作“警察局”解,=the police station,在句中用作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。,The police,a policeman,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,第48页,有些集合名词,police,，,people,，,cattle,表复数概念，用复数动词。,The police _ searching for the murderer the town.,The Chinese people _ brave and hard-working.,The Chinese people _ a brave and hard-working one.,The Chinese _ a hard-working people,are,are,is,are,第49页,9,4,.,The family is having a chat in the living room.,【,改错,】,are,_,有些集合名词 team，audience，family，crew，class,public，government,enemy，group 若作一种整体,用单数动词;若看为一种个组员，用复数动词。,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,第50页,Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.(C85),is,语法填空：,第51页,【完毕句子】用动词合适形式填空,(11)The disabled_(be)well taken care of in this country.,(12)The news_(be)certain to replace the old.,(13)The rest of the workers_(be)still very tired.,(14)His family_(be)all sitting in the sofa watching TV.,【结论】“the adj.”构造指人时，谓语动词用复数；假如表达抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。,are,is,are,are,第52页,分数、百分数、all,some,the rest,half of,most of,part of 等作主语时，谓语动词单复数根据其指代含义确定。,主语为集合名词时，假如看作一种整体，谓语动词用单数；假如侧重其中个体，谓语动词用复数。此类集体名词常见有：army,audience,cattle,class,club,mittee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,minority,part,people,police,public,staff,team等，其中cattle，people，police一般当作复数形式。,第53页,9,5,.The population of China are larger than that of America.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,population指是人口这一整体概念，应视为单数，因而句中are应改为is。但在特定语境中也可以看作复数。如：,80%of the population in our country _,farmers.我国80%人口是农民。,注意！,are,第54页,the+adj.采用意义一致原则。表人”作复数看,表“抽象物”则 作单数看.,The old _ being done away with.(旧东西),In that country,the rich _(be e)richer,the poor,poorer.The government _(have)discussed the matter for a long time,but they have shown no signs of reaching an agreement.,do away with,废除，去掉；弄死,is,be e,have,第55页,(1)The old man_(live)a happy life in new China.,(2)The old _(live)a happy life in new China.,(3)The old _ being done away with.,lives,live,is,(,旧东西,),第56页,10,1,.Physics are a difficult subject to learn.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,某些表学科名词,physics,maths,politics 用单数形式.,注意！,以,S,结尾名词,第57页,专有名词,the United Nations,the United States.,用单数,.The Arabian Nights _ well known to English lovers.,The United Nations _ founded in 1945.,3)the Olympic Games,可用单数也可用复数,The Olympic Games in the year 2,008 _ held in Beijing.,有些名词只以复数形式存在,glasses shorts,scissors,arms,clothes,goods.wages,等（见名词）用复数形式,.,但有表单数量词与之连用,则用单数形式,.,My trousers _ torn,Another pair of trousers _ been made for me.,This pair of shoes _ made in Nanjing.,is,was,was,are,has,was,第58页,10,2,.Every possible means have been used,to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.,【,改错,】,has,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,means单复数同样，根据句子意思：每种措施都用过了，这里means是单数。“用过了”用目前完毕时；,注意！,单复同形名词,第59页,单复同形名词,means,species,works等（见名词）,用意义一致原则：如表 单数概念,用单数形式;表复数概念,用复数形式.,The only means to protect wild life _ to forbid killing wild animals.,All means _(have)been tried to save the sick panda.,The iron and steel works _(turn out)five hundred thousand tons of steel every year.,Another two iron and steel works _(have)been built outside the city.,注意:work 作“著作”时，为可数名词，常用复数形式.,Shakespears works _(include)plays and poems.,One of Marxs works _ written in English in the 1860s.,is,have,turns out,have,include,was,第60页,10,3,.The Olympic Games is held once every four years.,【,改错,】,are,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,与定冠词,the,连用,在特指某届,次,运动会时其谓语动词用单数形式,统指,(,多届,),运动会时其谓语动词用复数形式,作专有名称时首字母常大写。,注意！,以,S,结尾名词,The Olympic Games in the year 2,008 _ held in Beijing.,was,第61页,11.The kind of books an author writes depend on the kind of man who he is.,【,改错,】,depends,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,a kind ofkinds of作主语时，谓语动词单复数由kind决定，typesort也是这样。该句主语是kind，为单数形式，因此depend应改为depends。Men of this kind _ dangerous.,注意！,are,第62页,“this kind of+,单数名词”,=,“,a+,单数名词,+of this kind”,用单数动 词；,“,this kind of+,复数名词”用单数动词；,但“,these kind of+,复数名词”,/,“复数名词,+of this kind”/“all kinds of+,复数名词”，用复数动词。,(1)This kind of cakes_ good.,(2)Cakes of this kind_ different.,(3)These kind（s）of apple（s）_ sweet.,is,are,are,第63页,12.Some of the soil are red.,【,改错,】,is,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,假如some，all，lots of等与不可数名词连用，其谓语动词用单数；假如与可数名词连用，其谓语动词须用复数形式。如：All of my pencils are in the bag.我所有铅笔都在书包里。/All of the ink is good.所有墨水都很好。,注意！,第64页,百分数,分数,enough,rest,part,后接单数可数或不可数,用单数动词,;,后接复数可数用复数动词,.,All the money _ spent,but I think part of it _ wasted.,Half of his goods _(be)stolen the other day.,Half of nurses _ dismissed but it was he,not you,who _ wrong.,was,was,were,were,was,第65页,不定代词作主语,1.all,both 采用意义一致原则。表人或物(可数)作复数,但 all 表“所有一 切”作单数.,All that can be eaten _(have be)eaten up.,-All _ gone,the old familiar faces.,-Dont be too sad.My friends,no less than I,_ glad to see you.,Both _(feel)that they have grown up and that they can work alone.,has been,are,are,feel,第66页,2.some,any,few 采用意义一致原则。,Some _ wise and some are foolish.,Any _ free to express an opinion.,Any _ good enough for me.,Very few _(know)his address in the town.,are,are,is,know,第67页,3.either,each 作主语,常用采用意义一致原则，用单数动词。,Either of the two rooms _ large enough.,Each of them _ improved his handwriting.,4.such 作主语时，采用意义一致原则。,Such _ the situation we were facing.,Such _ his words.,is,is,was,were,第68页,5.every,some,any,no 与 one,body,thing 合成不定代词,采用语法一致原 则，通常用单数.,Everybody _ enjoying himself.,Anyone who _(do)his share for the orphans is wel e.,is,does,第69页,【,改错,】,注意！,强调句,主谓一致,13.It is the people who is really powerful.,强调主语时，谓语动词必须和原主语保持一致。,本句强调是主语,the people,，谓语用复数,are,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,第70页,【,改错,】,注意！,定语从句,主谓一致,14.He is the only one of the students who have been,a winner of scholarship for three years.,(,上海春,),在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”中,假如定语从句先行词是复数名词,这时定语从句中谓语动词数一般与复数名词保持一致,用复数形式;但在“the only one/every one of+复数名词+定语从句”中,定语从句先行词是the only one/every one,定语从句中谓语动词通常用单数形式。,has,_,主谓一致十大经典错误例析,第71页,关系代词,who,、,that,、,which,