河南省黄河流域生物多样性保护战略与行动计划（2024-2030年）.pdf

Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan in the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province河南省黄河流域生物多样性保护战略与行动计划（2024-2030年）May 20232023年5月目录CONTENTS1 1河南黄河流域生物多样性价值和保护状况2 2Biodiversity Values and Conservation生物多样性保护战略和行动计划3 3Strategy of Biodiversity Conservation and Action Plan4 45 5介绍Introduction 河南黄河流域生物多样性保护优先区域Priority Areas of Biodiversity Conservation生物多样性保护面临的挑战Challenges for biodiversity conservation介绍Introduction河 南 黄 河 流 域 位 于 河 南 省 中 北 部，地 理 坐 标 在 东 经110211166，北纬3339367之间。本项目具体研究范围是指水文意义上的黄河流域。自陕西潼关进入河南，西起灵宝市，东至台前县，河道总长711公里，流域面积3.6万平方公里，占黄河流域总面积的5%，占河南省总面积的21.7%，涉及10个省辖市（济源示范区）52个县（市、区）。The Yellow River Basin in Henan Province is located in the northcentral part of Henan Province.Its geographical coordinates arebetween 11021 1166 E and 3339 36 7 N.The YellowRiver enters Henan from Tongguan,Shaanxi Province,starts fromLingbao City in the West and reaches Taiqian County in the East.The total length of the river course is 711km and the drainagearea is 36,000 square kilometers,accounting for 5%of the totalarea of the Yellow River Basin and 21.7%of the total area ofHenan Province.The scope of the project involves 10 provincialcities(Jiyuan demonstration area)and 52 counties(cities anddistricts).Topographic and Geomorphic Distribution Map of Henan Province项目范围Project Background项目区共涉及常住人口3,054.51万人，城镇化率60%，人口密度603人/平方公里。项目区土地总面积390万公顷，其中耕地210万公顷，占总面积的53.76%；水域13万公顷，占3.3%；林地82万公顷，21.11%；草地35万公顷，占9.07%；建设用地49万公顷，占12.70%。The project area involves a total of 30.5451 million permanent residents,with an urbanization rate of 60%and a population density of 603 people per square kilometer.The total land area of the project area is 3.9 million hectares,of which 2.1 million hectares are cultivated land,accounting for 53.76%of the total area;130,000 hectares of water,accounting for 3.3820,000 hectares of forest land,accounting for 21.11%;350,000 hectares of grassland,accounting for 9.07%;490,000 hectares of construction land,accounting for 12.70%.项目范围Project Background项目描述 Project Profile：项目地点：河南省黄河流域项目周期：2022年1月21日-2023年12月31日项目资金：30万美元执行机构：河南省林业局实施机构：河南省林业生态建设发展中心项目目的：支持河南省政府部门加强河南省黄河流域的生物多样性保护Project Location:Yellow River basin in Henan ProvinceDuration:January 21,2022 to December 31,2023.Amount:USD 0.3 millionExecuting agency:Henan Forestry AdministrationImplementing Agency:Forestry Ecological Construction Development Center of HFA.Objective:Support relevant departments of Henan Province to strengthen the biodiversity conservation in the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province项目概述Project Profile and Introduction项目成果和产出 Project Outcome and Outputs：项目成果：加强河南省黄河生物多样性和生态系统服务保护Outcome:Conservation of Yellow River biodiversity and ecosystem services in Henan Province strengthened 产出 1：分析省级保护政策框架和黄河生物多样性及生态系统服务价值 Output 1:Analysis of provincial conservation policy framework and Yellow River biodiversity and ecosystem service values produced.产出 2：编制河南省黄河流域五年生物多样性战略和行动计划Output 2:Five-year Biodiversity strategy and action plan for the Yellow River basin in Henan Province prepared.产出 3：加强生物多样性保护方面的知识和能力Output 3:Knowledge and capacity on biodiversity conservation enhanced.项目概述Project Profile and Introduction 启动报告、中期报告、终期报告 Inception report,midterm report and final report 一份河南省黄河流域五年生物多样性战略和行动计划 A Five-year BSAP of Henan Province in the Yellow River Basin 三份技术指南 Three technical guidelines for biodiversity conservation 一份关于技援调查结果的技术书籍 A technical book publication on the TA findings 一份简短的视频纪录片 A brief video documentary 一份政策简报 A policy brief 两次技术培训 Two technical trainings项目成果Deliverables技援团队Team IntroductionPositionName of SpecialistOrganizationNational Team Leader/Wetland Specialist国内组长/湿地专家ZHANG Mingxiang张明祥Beijing Forestry University北京林业大学National Deputy Team Leader/Forest Ecologist国内副组长/森林生态专家YAN Dongfeng闫东锋HenanAgricultural University河南农业大学International Biodiversity and Conservation Planning Specialist国际生物多样性和保护规划专家Christoph ZOCKLERSelf-employed独立专家National Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services Specialist国内自然资本和生态系统服务专家XIE Gaodi谢高地UniversityofScienceandTechnology of China中国科学技术大学National Policy and Legal Specialist国内政策和法律专家LI Zhou李周Self-employed独立专家National Finance Specialist国内财务专家YAO Shunbo姚顺波Northwest A&F University西北农林科技大学National Hydrological and Climate Change Specialist国内水文和气候变化专家XU Hongmei许红梅National Climate Center中国气象局国家气候中心National Geographic Information System and Mapping Specialist国内地理信息系统和制图专家DENG Tan邓坦Henan Forestry Investigationand Planning Institute河南省林业调查规划院NAREE Project Manager纳睿项目经理LI Yue李悦NAREENAREE Project Assistant纳睿项目助理SHEN Xuanrong申轩榕NAREENAREE Project Director纳睿项目总监WANG Mengjue王梦珏NAREENAREE Project Director纳睿项目总监ZHOU Lijun周丽君NAREE生物多样性价值和保护状况Biodiversity Values and Conservation河南是中国生物多样性最丰富的省份之一，重点野生动植物物种保护率达95%。河南省黄河流域位于我国第二阶梯和第三阶梯的过渡地区，地处气候带交汇区，是我国生物多样性的关键地带，是我国中西部重要生态保护屏障和物种基因库。河南黄河流域植被分布具有明显的地带性；黄河干流及其支流鱼类资源丰富，三门峡水库和小浪底水库是大型鱼类聚集地；河南黄河流域也是候鸟的重要越冬地和繁殖地，已知观测到的鸟类约有336种，其中国家一级重点保护鸟类有20种。Henan is one of the provinces with the richest biodiversity in PRC,with a keywildlife species conservation rate of 95%.The Yellow River basin in HenanProvince is located in the transition area between the PRCs Second and ThirdLadder,and is situated at the north-south climate geographic boundary of PRC.Ithas the special geographical location and is a key zone of biodiversity in PRC andan important ecological protection barrier and species gene pool in central andwestern PRC.The vegetation characteristics of the Yellow River basin in HenanProvince have obvious zonal characteristics,influenced by climate and topography,showing the transitional nature of different zones and the complexity.The mainstream of Yellow River and its tributaries are rich in fish resources.The SanmenxiaReservoir and Xiaolangdi Reservoir are large fish gathering places.The YellowRiver basin in Henan is an important wintering area and resting place for migratorybirds.There are 20 national schedule I protected wildlife species and 53 nationalschedule II protected species in the TA area.Topographic and Geomorphic Distribution Map of Henan Province01 概述Overview根据国家重点保护野生动植物名录（2021年），河南黄河流域存在国家一级保护植物7种，分别为：银杏、红豆杉、南方红豆杉、水杉、紫斑牡丹、曲茎石斛、华山新麦草。According to the List of National Key Protected Wild Animals and Plants(2021),there are 7 national schedule 1 protected plantsin the Yellow River basin in Henan Province,namely:Ginkgo biloba,Taxus wallichiana var.chinensis,Taxus wallichiana var.mairei,Metasequoia glyptostroboides,Paeonia suffruticosa var.papaveracea,Dendrobium flexicaule,Psathyrostachys huashanica.银杏（分布广泛，嵩县集中分布）Ginkgo biloba(widely distributed,concentrated in Song County)红豆杉（分布广泛）Taxus chinensis(widely distributed)南方红豆杉（分布广泛）Taxus chinensis var.mairei(widely distributed)植物Plant02项目区生物多样性价值Biodiversity Values in the Project Area水杉（伏牛山）Metasequoia glyptostroboides(Funiu Mountain)紫斑牡丹Paeonia Paeonia rockiirockii曲茎石斛Dendrobium Dendrobium flexicauleflexicaule华山新麦草PsathyrostachysPsathyrostachys huashanicahuashanica生物多样性价值 Biodiversity Values02项目区生物多样性价值Biodiversity Values in the Project Area哺乳动物 Mammals区域内共有62种哺乳动物。国家一级保护哺乳动物4种，分别为豹、豺、大灵猫、林麝。According to the point data distribution map in the Chinese Mammals Guide(2008),62 mammal species have been recorded in the TA area.There are 4national first-class protected mammals,namely,Panthera pardus，Cuon alpinus,Viverra zibetha,and Moschus berezovskii.鸟类 Birds黄河流域湿地是迁徙候鸟的重要越冬地和停歇地，有336个物种。包括20个受国家野生动物保护一级保护的物种和另外53种二级保护的物种。一级保护物种包括青头潜鸭、中华秋沙鸭、大鸨、卷羽鹈鹕、小青脚鹬、彩鹮、猎隼、黄胸鹀、2种鹳类、3种鹤类、7种鹰科鸟类。The wetlands in the Yellow RiverBasin are important wintering and resting places for migratory birds,with336speciesincluding20speciesundernationalfirst-classprotection and 53 species under second-class protection.First-classprotected species includeAythya baeri，Mergus squamatus，Otis tarda，Pelecanus crispus，Tringa guttifer，Plegadis falcinellus，Falco cherrug，Emberiza aureola，2 species of storks,3 species of cranes,and 7 speciesof eagles林麝Moschus berezovskii大鸨Otis tarda青头潜鸭Aythya baeri02项目区生物多样性价值Biodiversity Values in the Project Area爬行动物 Reptiles河南现生爬行动物计有2目8科28种。其中乌龟为国家二级保护动物。There are 28 species of reptiles living in Henan,belonging to 8 families and 2 orders.Among them,the Mauremys reevesii is a national second level protected animal.两栖动物 Amphibians河南省现有两栖动物计有2目6科13种。大鲵和宁陕齿突蟾2种为国家二级保护动物，其中大鲵为我国特有珍稀濒危两栖动物。There are 13 species of amphibians in Henan province,belonging to 2 ordersand 6 families.Among them,two species,Andrias davidianus and Scutigerningshanensis,are second-class protected animals in China,and the giantsalamander is a rare and endangered amphibian unique to China.鱼类 Fish河南黄河流域的鱼类117种，分别隶属于9目24科69属。鲤科各亚科属种分布变化鲤科是最大科，分布于9个亚科。There are 117 species of fish in the Yellow River Basin in Henan province,belonging to 9 orders,24 families,and 69 genera.The Cyprinus family is thelargest family,distributed in 9 subfamilies.黄河鲤鱼Cyprinus carpio大鲵Andrias davidianus虎纹蛙Hoplobatrachusrugulosus02项目区生物多样性价值Biodiversity Values in the Project Area现有自然保护地85个，面积占流域总面积的10.20%。自然保护区、湿地公园等各类自然保护地的设立，使项目区国家重点保护野生动植物保护率达到95%以上。national wetland parks,which are mainly distributed in the coastalareas of the main and tributaries of the Yellow River basin.The key河南省黄河流域重点的森林保护地和以森林为生境的野生动物类型的自然保护地包括3个国家级自然保护区、3个省级自然保护区和11个国家级森林公园，总面积27.26万公顷，其中黄河流域重点森林保护地面积14.23万公顷。The key forest protected areas in the Yellow River basin in HenanProvince and the protected areas of wildlife with forests as habitatinclude 3 national nature reserves,3 provincial nature reserves and 11national forest parks,with a total area of 272,600 hectares,including142,300 hectares of key forest protected areas in the Yellow Riverbasin.河南省黄河流域重点的湿地保护地和以湿地为生境的野生动物类型的自然保护地共包括2个国家级自然保护区、3个省级自然保护区和5个国家级湿地公园，重点湿地保护地涉及黄河流域面积12.92万公顷。The key wetland protected areas in the Yellow River basin in HenanProvince and the protected areas of wildlife with wetland as habitatinclude 2 national nature reserves,3 provincial nature reserves and 5national wetland parks,which are mainly distributed in the coastal03 生物多样性保护现状Conservation Status 保护区网络 Protected area network流域内自然保护地主要分布在太行山、伏牛山及黄河流域的干支流沿岸地区，保护地内分布有大量天然林、天然湿地。通过建立保护地，有效保护河南省重要的森林、湿地生态系统和野生动植物物种。The protected areas in the basin are mainly distributed inthe Taihang Mountain,Funiu Mountain and the coastalareas of the main and tributaries of the Yellow Riverbasin.There are a large number of natural forests andnatural wetlands in the protected areas.Through theestablishment of the protected areas,it can effectively 河南黄河流域生物多样性保护工作成效显著。各级各类保护地通过打击破坏野生动物栖息地的专项行动和自然保护地建设工程，使野生动植物栖息地得到有效保护，一些珍稀、濒危野生动植物的数量得到明显增加，流域生态环境明显改善。相对于未被保护的临近区域，各类自然保护地的植被和野生动物栖息地生态环境明显改善，现有的植被得到充分的发育，物种数量明显增加。The biodiversity conservation in the Yellow River basin in Henan Province has achieved remarkable results.Various protected areas have effectively protected the habitats of wild animals and plants through specialactions to combat the destruction of wildlife habitats and nature reserve construction projects,and thenumbers of some rare and endangered wild animals and plants have been significantly increased.03生物多样性保护现状Conservation Status 保护成效 Conservation Effectiveness 生物多样性威胁 Biodiversity Threat 河南黄河流域生物多样性遭受威胁的主要原因包括：生态系统退化、气候变化、社区居民生产生活、重大建设工程（包括高速公路、水利工程等）、旅游开发、环境污染、外来物种入侵等。The main threats to the biodiversity of the Yellow River basin in Henan Province include:degradation ofecological functions,climate change,production and living of community residents,major constructionprojects(including highways and water conservancy projects),tourism development,environmental pollutionand invasion of alien species.生物多样性保护面临的挑战Challenges for Biodiversity Conservation黄河流域人类活动频繁，过度放牧、采砂、排污、围垦等严重影响着黄河流域的生态系统健康，而且黄河流域生态系统类型多样并对全球变化敏感，导致生态系统结构和功能退化以及生物多样性降低。河南黄河流域生态系统本底脆弱，大部分地区属于半干旱、半湿润地区，经过长期发展已成为生态系统负荷“过满状态”，这集中表现在水资源严重短缺、生态破坏和环境污染，“水少”已成为黄河流域保护和发展的主要瓶颈。Human activities are frequent in the Yellow River basin.Overgrazing,sandmining,sewagedischarge,reclamation,etc.seriously affect the health of the ecosystem in the Yellow Riverbasin.Moreover,the ecosystem in the Yellow River basin isdiverseandsensitivetoglobalchange,resultinginthedegradation of the ecosystem structure and function and thereduction of biodiversity.The ecosystem of the Yellow River basin in Henan Province isfundamentally fragile,with most areas belonging to semi-arid andsemi humid regions.After long-term development,it has becomean overloaded ecosystem,which is mainly manifested in severewater resource shortage,ecological damage,and environmentalpollution.Water scarcity has become the main bottleneck for theprotection and development of the Yellow River basin技援概述 存在不足Project Profile-Shortcomings 2、河南黄河流域生物多样性面临诸多挑战 Challengesfaced by the Biodiversity of Henan Yellow River Basin（1）目前，河南黄河流域内湿地面积占比较小，且受人类活动影响大；森林生态系统简单，林龄普遍较低，人工林多而天然林少。生境破碎化严重，野生植物保护亟待加强，野生动物栖息地亟待修复和保护。(1)The biodiversity of the Yellow River Basin in Henan Provincefaces many challenges.At present,the wet area of the YellowRiver Basin in Henan is relatively small and greatly affected byhuman activities;The forest ecosystem is simple,with generallylower forest age,more artificial forests and less natural forests.The habitat is severely fragmented,and the protection of wildplants urgently needs to be strengthened.The habitat of wildanimals urgently needs to be repaired and protected.技援概述 存在不足Project Profile-Shortcomings济源黄河三峡三门峡灵宝破碎化的山区植被 河南黄河流域生物多样性面临诸多挑战Challenges faced bythe Biodiversity of Henan Yellow River Basin（2）黄河城市段旅游开发严重，对生态平衡产生了潜在威胁。河南黄河流域的三门峡市、洛阳市地处我国北亚热带向暖温带过渡区，保存有典型过渡区的物种多样性，具有很高的生物多样性保护价值，但是该区也是矿产开发区，生态系统受损和生境破碎化严重，存在严重的生态系统退化和生物多样性丧失的风险，生态系统服务功能急需提升。(2)The intensive tourism development in the urban area along theYellow River poses a potential threat to ecological balance.Sanmenxia City and Luoyang City of the Yellow River basin inHenan Province are located in the transition zone from thenorthern subtropical zone to the warm temperate zone in PRC.They preserve the species diversity of the typical transition zone,and have high biodiversity conservation value.However,this zoneis also a mineral development zone,with serious ecosystemdamage and habitat fragmentation.There is a risk of seriousecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss,and the ecosystemservice function needs to be improved urgently.技援概述 存在不足Project Profile-Shortcomings小浪底黄河三峡景区 河南黄河流域现有生态修复与生物多样性保护理念、方法和技术体系有待完善。The existing ecological restoration andbiodiversity protection concepts、methods and technology system in the Yellow River Basin of Henan Provinceand is yet to be improved.在生物多样性保护中，一方面，现有的生态修复与生物多样性方法和技术还有待完善，需要进一步加强以指导生物多样性工作实践。另一方面，顶层设计，因地制宜、分类施策的建设与管理模式还需要加强。In biodiversity conservation,on one hand,the existing ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation methods andtechnologies should be improved for the guidance on biodiversity conservation.On the other hand,The construction andmanagement model of tailored and classified policies still needs to be strengthened.技援概述 存在不足Project Profile-Shortcomings黄河湿地修复，杨树林？退鱼塘还湿地，黄河湿地 法律和政策框架。生物多样性保护法律和政策体系尚不完善。相关部门间的合作机制有待继续加强。Thelegal and policy system of biodiversity conservation is not perfect,The cooperation mechanism betweenrelevant departme