1、01宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I dont know what the word means.“Wh”: I dont know what the word means.I dont know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I dont know whether its raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesnt know whether to acce
2、pt the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。She said that she was a student.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.She said that she had finished her homework alrea
3、dy.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.02定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。二、先行词先行词指人 who /that先行词指物 which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法 “. 的”Whom:先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语),与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用w
4、hom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I dont like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose :指人或物,作定语,表示 “的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能 that 的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film t
5、hat I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something,anything等时.e.g. Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.Hetalkedaboutsomewriters andbooksthatwereunknown tousall.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以
6、who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词 + whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.03状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。二、状
7、语从句一般分为八大类时间状语从句 地点状语从句原因状语从句 目的状语从句结果状语从句 条件状语从句方式状语从句 让步状语从句1. 时间状语从句When -当时候,通常指某一特定的时间点,主句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When - 正在的时候,突然。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时,在翻译的时候,when 可以译成没想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.When 当从句是进行时,主句是一般时,往往表示不满。Someone knoc
8、ked at the door when I was having breakfast.When=afterWhen the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.While -在期间,往往指一段时间。While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.While -表示一种不满情绪,意思是这边在干某种重要的事,而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.As- 一边一边, 随着
9、She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As - 当时,指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生,从句通常用进行时。As I was going out, it began to rain.The moment- 一就=as soon as , immediately,-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?-Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.Not until- 直到才He didnt leave the offic
10、e until he finished the work.Before- 在之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.After-在 之后The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.Since-自从, 通常主句用现在完成时I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.It
11、 is just a week since we arrived here. As soon as- 一就Jack went to school as soon as he got well.No sooner than- 一就no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装Hardly whenScarcely whenNo sooner had he arrived than he went away again.Once - 一但就Once you see him, you will never forget him.Every time, each time每次 whenever每当Ea
12、ch time he came to town, he would visit our school.2. 条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有:If如果, unless除非, as long as只要, As (so) far as - 据所知,in case万一, provided that假如, on condition that若是,以为条件If-如果If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane.Unless- 如果不, 除非=if notWe cant get there on time unless we book the earlies
13、t flightAs long as- 只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.As (so) far as- 据所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.In case- 假使, 如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.Provided that如果,有时省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.On co
14、ndition that- 条件是He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时,则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.3. 地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where, whereverWhere- 在地方Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever- 无论哪
15、里Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.4. 原因状语从句because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.Because- 因为,通常从句放在主句后.Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt find his luggage.As- 因为, 通常放在句首As he is honest and modest, all his friends like
16、him.Since-既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然(众所周知的原因)Since everybody has come, we can set off.Now that- 既然Now that you are here, you can join us.considering that- 顾及到Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.seeing that- 由于Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided toput t
17、he meeting off.5. 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有:that, so that, sothatsuchthatSo that-太以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用thatBoeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹.So that-因而,以便,为了 有时so 可以省去Speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.Such that-太以至于 用法与sothat相同,但such 后面应用名词。
18、The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.6. 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest(So) that - 以便,从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.in order that -为了, 与so that
19、 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词,如:can, could, may, might, should等School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.for fear that-生怕; 为了防止(某事发生)He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.in case- 万一You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.Lest- 以防万一The man dec
20、ided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.7. 让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有:Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.Although, though -虽然 although 和though 可以互换,但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off
21、.Though he did his best, he didnt succeed.As - 尽管as 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.Even if /even though-即使Even if you dont like your boss, you should do your work.However- 不论,however 引导让步状语从句时,句子通常倒装He couldnt get there on time however fast he drove.No m
22、atter (what, when, where, how)-无论(什么,何时,何地,怎样)He wouldnt forgive me no matter how hard I begged him.Whatever- 不管Whatever other people may say, she wont change her mind.While-尽管While I have sympathy for you, I cant help you.Whether-不管,常与or not 连用Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.8. 方式状语从句方式状语从句常由: as, as if, as thoughas-与 一样Do in Rome as the Romans do.as if, as though-仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟语气She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.
©2010-2024 宁波自信网络信息技术有限公司 版权所有
客服电话:4008-655-100 投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100