山东科技大学翻译基础第三章--词语的选择.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,时尚英语词汇,微博,山寨,异地恋,剩女,熟女,裸婚,百搭,限时抢购,水货,microblog,Copycat,long-distance relationship,3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls,cougar（Cougar Club）,naked wedding,all-match,flash sale,smuggled goods,团购,发烧友,骨感美女,卡奴,性感妈妈,亚健康,灵魂伴侣,小白脸,精神出轨,人肉搜索,钻石王老五,group buyingFancier,boney beauty,card slave,yummy mummy,sub-health,soul mate,toy boy,soul infidelity,flesh search,diamond bachelor,学历造假,散伙饭,具有时效性的,录取分数线,经适房,家庭主男,小白脸，吃软饭的,二奶,另类,菜鸟,裸奔,fabricate academic credentials,farewell dinner,time-efficient,admission scores,affordable housing,house-husband,kept man,kept woman,offbeat,rookie,streaking,Operate,：,He took the machine to pieces to try and find out how it,operated,.,他把机器拆开，想看看机器怎么,运转,的。,If theres an electrical failure,its possible to,operate,the lift manually.,如果停电，可以由人力,开动,电梯。,Changes are being introduced to make the department,operate,more efficiently.,变革正在进行，以提高部门的,工作,效率。,Specially equipped troops are,operating,undercover activities in the hills.,专门部队在山上,进行,秘密训练。,We have representatives,operating,in most countries.,我们在许多国家都有代理,开展业务,。,Exchange rates are currently,operating,to the advantage of exports.,目前的汇率,走势,对出口有利。,Destructive forces are clearly,operating,within the community.,显然社区中有破坏势力在,活动,。,发展是,硬,道理。,Development is the,absolute,/,cardinal,/,primary,principle.,假日经济在我国已经,呈现出广阔的发展前景,。,The holiday economy,promises remarkable growth,.,The holiday economy,holds great promise of growth.,The holiday economy,has remarkable potential for growth,.,The holiday economy,has the prospect of remarkable growth,.,英译汉中常用的确定词义的手段,一、根据词语搭配和上下文选择词义,He,reached,his hand out for the book I offered him.,他,伸出,手来接我给他的书。,We tried to,reach,them by cable.,我们试着用电报跟他们,联络,。,She,reached,up and picked a pear off a branch.,她,抬起手,从一根枝上摘下一只梨。,The speakers voice couldnt,reach,to the back of the auditorium.,礼堂后排,听,不,到,演讲人的声音。,The insecticide was put out of the childs,reach,.,杀虫剂放在孩子,够,不,着,的地方。,The upper,reaches,of Minjiang River serves as ecological barriers of Sichuan Province and even the west of China.,岷江,上游,是四川省乃至我国西南重要的生态屏障,1.We had a,grand,view of a sea of clouds when we climbed to the top of the mountain.,当我们爬上了山巅时，看到了云海的,壮观,景象。,2.We must do away with the,grandiose,style of work.,我们必须摈弃,浮夸的,工作作风。,3.It is indeed the most,magnificent,drawing-room I have ever seen.,那的确是我所见到的最,豪华的,客厅。,4.The buildings around the Circus are rather nondescript,though some of them are large and quite,imposing,.,广场周围的建筑物并不起眼，不过其中有一些还比较,高大、宏伟,。,5.Whenever the,stately,national anthem is performed,I am invariably emotionally roused.,每当奏起,庄严的,国歌时，我总在感情上受到激发。,1.集中精力把经济建设,搞,上去,go all out for economic development,2.坚持对话,不,搞,对抗,persist in dialogue,refrain from confrontation,3.不,搞,劳民伤财的“形象工程”,refrain from building“vanity projects”that waste both money and manpower,4.对内,搞,活，对外开放,revitalize domestic economy,open up to the outside world,5.恶,搞,spoof,6.,搞,花架子,do something superficial,7.,搞,活国营大中型企业,invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises,8.更加注重,搞,好宏观调控,pay more attention to exercising macro-control,9.开放,搞,活,open up and enliven the economy,10.靠扩大财政赤字,搞,建设,increase the deficit to spend more on development,11）With the invention of writing,a great advance was made,for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored,libraries,made education possibleand education in its turn added to,libraries.,译文：由于文字的发明，人类取得了巨大的进步，因为此时知识不仅可以交流，而且可以储存。,图书,为开展教育活动提供了可能性，而教育又反过来增加了,图书,的数量和内容。,develop=发展?,His plane,developed,engine trouble only seven miles after take-off.,他的飞机起飞后只飞行了七英里就,发生,了机械故障。,Modern aircraft are so heavy that the wings must,develop,a very large lift force in order to sustain the aircraft.,现代飞机很重，机翼必须,产生,很大的升力才能保持飞机在空中飞行。,Most of the money came from selling the secret of a new type of potato he had,developed,.,大部分钱是靠出售他,培育,土豆新品种的秘方得来的。,As early as his second film,Chaplin had,developed,his own manner of acting,the one that was to become world famous.,早在卓别林演第二部电影时，他就已,形成,了自己的表演风格，这就是他后来闻名于世的那种表演风格。,It is believed that before writing was,developed,people in China used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.,人们认为，在,出现,书写之前，中国人常把石头放在一起来记事。,Some married people who are not satisfied with their family may resort to the internet to,develop,an extramarital affair.,一些对家庭不满意的已婚男女也会借助互联网去,搞,婚外恋。,Photographers return and the photos are quickly,developed,.,摄影记者回来了，很快把照片,冲洗,好了。,In,developing,a design,the engineer must apply his knowledge of engineering and material science.,在,进行,设计时，工程师必须应用自己在工程学和材料学方面的知识。,While people in other countries in the world were trying to catch wild animals and birds and were still collecting seeds and nuts,farmers in China were,developing,the science of agriculture.,当世界上其他国家还在捕猎飞禽走兽、采集种子坚果的时候，中国农民就已经在,从事,农业科技研究了。,二、根据词语搭配和上下文变通词义,词义引申的手段,词义的转化,词义的具体化,词义的抽象化,1、词义的转化,1）The factors which are likely to influence investment spending do,not stop here,.,译：可能影响投资开支的因素,并不止这些,。,2）Whether you like it or not,globalization is,here to stay,.We are not going to reverse the trend.,译：不管你对它的态度如何，经济全球化,已成为我们生活的一部分,，这个趋势不可逆转。,3）Our products,if maintained properly and regularly,can at least,see twenty years service,.,译：我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少,可以使用20年,。,4）,Thats a,tall,story about the towns,high street.,译:有关这城,主街,的说法是在,令人难以置信,。,2、词义的具体化,1)There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem,more than transient,everydayness,.,他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的,柴米油盐问题,。,2)The factory is famous for its,arsenal,of technical geniuses.,这家工厂以拥有,众多,技术精英而著称。,3)Our unique concept was a response to buyer needs,bringing greater reliability,higher-quality output,exceptional user-friendliness and operational ease,.,我们唯一的信念就是要适应购买者的需要，生产更可靠的、质量更高的产品，,让使用者感到格外好用和操作方便,。,4)Dobbin had been in the coffee-room for an hour or more.He,had tried,all the papers but could not read them,杜宾在咖啡室少说也待了一个钟头。他,翻遍了,所有的报纸，可什么也没看进去,5)It is all very well,again,to have a,tiger,in the tank,but to have,one,in the drivers seat is another matter altogether.,当然油箱里装满,优质汽油,倒是好事，但是驾驶室里要是坐着,横冲直撞,的司机就完全是另一回事了。,6)I want to be TVs,Czar,of script and grammar,我真想成为电视这一行的,霸主,，所有节目我说了算。,3、词义的抽象化,1）The interest rates have,see-sawed,between 10 and 15 percent.,利率一直在10到15之间不断,波动,。,2）,Brain,drain has been Kangdings No.1,concern,;as a matter of fact,it has been an,epidemic,in this area.,人才,外流一直是康定的,头号问题,，实际上，它已经成为那一地区带,普遍性的严峻问题,。3）There is a mixture of the,tiger,and the,ape,in the character of the imperialists.,帝国主义者的性格既,残暴,，又,狡猾,。,4）Every life has its,roses,and,thorns,.,每个人的生活都有,甜,和,苦,。,5）Tony is only nineteen and the,baby,of our crew.,托尼只有十九岁，是我们机组里的,小字辈,。,6.He had lived all his life in desert where every cupful of water might be,a matter of life and death.,他一直在沙漠上生活，这地方每一杯水都得精打细算地用；一杯水可能是,生死攸关,的事。,7.Instead，an assassins,bullet,erased in the minds of Americans any faults he had,事实正好相反，一个刺客的,暗杀行径,反而使美国人忘却了他所有的毛病。,词义的褒贬：,1）He was a man of high,renown,(fame).,他是位有,名望,的人。（褒）,2）The adoption of new policies will surely lead to some striking,results,.,采取各项新政策必将带来显著,成果,。,3）There would have been more painful,result,but for the drastic measures.,若不是采取了严厉措施，那将会出现的更痛苦的,后果,。,4）As a,demanding,boss,he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees.,他是个,苛刻的,老板，要求手下的人对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。（贬）,5）The popularity of television and the difficulty of financing plays have helped,to close many theatres.But now it seems the theatre is about to,pick up,again after a period of decline.,电视普及，加上戏剧筹资困难，许多剧院被迫关门。然而经过一端时间的衰落后，现在剧院似乎又将从新,焕发生机。,6)Those who do not remember the past are condemned to,relive it,.,凡是忘掉过去的人注定要,重蹈覆辙,。（贬）,7）He was,polite,and always,gave advice willingly,she recalled.,她回忆说，“他,彬彬有礼,，总是,诲人不倦,。”（褒）,汉译英中常用的确定词义的手段,一、词语的选择,集中精力把经济建设,搞,上去,go all out for economic development,2.,坚持对话,不,搞对抗,persist in dialogue,refrain from confrontation,3.,不,搞,劳民伤财的“形象工程”,refrain from building“vanity projects”that waste both money and manpower,4.,对内,搞,活，对外开放,revitalize domestic economy,open up to the outside world,5.,恶,搞,spoof,6.,搞,花架子,do something superficial,7.,搞活,国营大中型企业,invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises,8.更加注重,搞好,宏观调控,pay more attention to exercising macro-control,9.开放,搞,活,open up and enliven the economy,10.靠扩大财政赤字,搞,建设,increase the deficit to spend more on development,11、假日外出旅游，成为国人最风行的,节目,。,(1)Traveling on holidays has become,an activity,popular with Chinese people.,(2)Traveling on holidays is most popular with Chinese people.,12、企业经济效益,显著,改善。,The economic performance of enterprises improvedmarkedly,.,13、生产生活条件,明显,改善。,Production and living conditions have,remarkably,improved.,14、中国加入世贸组织后，人才市场会出现新的,潮流,。,There will be new,trends,in the personnel market after Chinas entry into the WTO.,15、大力加强社会主义,精神文明建设,。,We should vigorously promote socialist,cultural and ethic progress,.,二、词语的搭配,16、电脑的普及为网络走进千家万户,创造,了条件。,The popularization of computer has,paved the way for,Internets entry into average families.,The popularization of computer has,made it possible for,the Internet to enter into average families.,The popularization of computer has created conditions for Internets entry into average families.(x),17、新形势、新趋势、新技术，,促进,了生产力的发展，,促进,了创造力的发挥，,促进了,各国之间的合作与交流。,The new development,trends and technologies have helped,expand,productive forces,given,full play,to creativity,and,enhance,exchanges and cooperation among countries.,18、我们要,维护,人民的权力。,We should,maintain,the peoples rights.,根据不同的上下文，,“维护”,有不同的译法：,维护,统一,uphold,unity,维护,独立主权,uphold,independence and sovereignty,维护,国家主权,defend,state sovereignty,维护,人民利益,safeguard,the peoples interests,维护,自尊,safeguard,ones self respect,维护,世界和平与安全,maintain/safeguard,world peace and security,19、,积极,开展资源回收利用，大力提高资源综合利用率。,We need to,increase,our recycling of resources in order to unutilized our resources more effectively.,20、,积极,推动信息技术在各行业的广泛应用。,We need to,extensively,apply IT in enterprises in all industries.,21、我们将,积极,调整、,发展,第三产业。,We will be working,vigorously/,energetically,to restructure and develop tertiary industries.,22、工业结构调整取得,积极,进展。,Significant,progress was made in industrial structural adjustment.,23、东部地区要,积极,支持中西部地区发展。,The eastern region should,actively,support the development of the central and western regions.,24、,积极,发展各项社会事业。,We will,energetically,/,make great efforts,to develop all social undertakings.,三、词语的引申,25、中国经济取得巨大发展，中国人民终于,扬眉吐气,了。,Chinese people,feel proud and elated,for the great economic development in China.,26、“五一”假期，火车票十分,紧俏,，人们提前10天预订火车票。,Train tickets during the Labor Day holidays were,in short supply,and people flocked to book tickets ten days in advance.,27、中国是一个发展中国家，消除贫困,任重道远,。,(1)China is a developing country,and it has,a long way to go,to shake off poverty.,(2)China is a developing country,and it is,an arduous task,to eradicate poverty.,28、家用电器和艺术品很受俄国商人的欢迎，但服装和纺织品却吃了,闭门羹,。,Electric appliances and handicrafts are popular among Russian businessmen,but clothes and textile products are,given the cold shoulder,.,29、台湾当局应该,审时度势,，,顺应民意,，走和平统一的,光明大道,。,The Taiwan authorities should,size up the situation,and,go with the peoples voice,to get,on the right way,of peaceful reunification.,30、传统的,人海战术,在现代化高技术面前,不堪一击,。,Compared with modern high technology,the traditional,huge-crowd strategy,is,not competitive at all,.,三、词义选择的常见错误,（一）望文生义,1）My shoes are the worse for wear.,误：我的皮鞋更加不好穿了。,正：我的皮鞋穿破了,。,2）She has been a widow only six months.,误：她只做了六个月的寡妇。,正：她的丈夫死了至今不过半年,。,3）我十点钟等你。,误：Ill wait for you at ten oclock.,正：Ill expect you at ten oclock.,（二）混淆词性,4）Active metals,organic substances,and other oxidizable materials are always,subject,to slow attack by oxygen when exposed to the air.,误：活泼金属，有机物和其它可氧化的物质，当暴露在空气中时，总是氧缓慢进攻的,对象,。,正：活泼金属，有机物和其它可氧化的物质，当暴露在空气中时，总是,容易受到,氧的缓慢侵蚀。,（三）语法错误,5）我想下个月开始工作。,误：I think to start work next month.,正：I think that Ill start work next month.或：Im thinking of starting work next month.,（四）逻辑错误,6）The smaller the animal,the greater the surface area in relation to body mass.,误：动物越小，与体积有关的表面面积越大。,正：动物越小，单位体重的表面积（与体重相比的表面积）越大。,Exercise,This is the,last,place where I expected to meet you.,Thats a,tall,story about the towns,high,street.,She told me that her 18-year-old son was the,baby,.,He is unhappy now,because he had a,blue,with his friend just now.,a,broken,man a,broken,soldier,broken,money,We should settle the disputes,in the context of,the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.,He once again,imparted,to us his great knowledge,experience and wisdom.,Mr.Smith has stepped into the,vintage years,.,Answer to Ex.,我,怎么也没料到,会在这个地方见到你。,有关这城,主街,的说法是在令人,难以置信,。,她对我说她那,18,岁的儿子是她,子女中最小的,。,他正闷闷不乐，因他刚才和朋友,吵了架,。,一个,绝望的,人，一个,残废,兵，,零,钱,我们应,本着,和平共处五项原则的精神解决争端。,我们又一次,领受,了他渊博的知识、丰富的经验和无穷的智慧。,史密斯先生已步入,成熟之年,。（即老年）,80后：80s generation,百搭：all-match限时抢购：flash sale,合租：flat-share,烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up,水货：smuggled goods纳米技术：nanotechnology,闪婚 flash marriage,闪电约会 speeddating,乐活族 LOHAS（Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability）,房奴车奴 mortgage slave,上课开小差 zone out,桑拿天 sauna weather,