翻译方法之-直译与意译.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,25 九月 2025,翻译原则实际上也就是翻译的标准，它们之所以这样说，只是角度不同而已。所谓原则，是从,译者的角度,来说，即译者在翻译时所遵循的原则。所谓标准，是从,读者或评论家的角度,来说，即评论译文优劣的标准。翻译的标准是指导翻译实践、检验译文质量、进行翻译批评必不可少的原则和尺度,。,I.Definition,25 九月 2025,II.,直译与意译（,Literal translation and Free translation,）,1.Definition,Literal translation,strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and the main sentence structures or patterns.,直译,是指译文仍采用原文的表现手段，句子结构和语序不做调整或不做大的调整。,Free translation,-a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech.,意译是指译文中采用新的等效的表现手段，句子结构也有可能做较大的调整。,25 九月 2025,2.LT&FT in translation.,A:Put the following expressions into Chinese.,1.to kill two birds with one stone,直译：,一石二鸟意译：,一箭双雕；一举两得,2.a drop in the bucket,直译：一桶水中的一滴,意译：,沧海一粟；九牛一毛；微不足道,3.to meet ones Waterloo,直译：,遇见某人的滑铁卢,意译：某人败的一塌糊涂,25 九月 2025,1.Do not lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.,直译：不要等到马被盗后，才去锁马厩的门。,意译：,不要贼走关门。,2.For Kino and Juana this was the morning of mornings of their lives,comparable only to the day when their baby was born.,直译,:,在基诺和胡安娜看来，这是他们一生中最了不起的早晨，只有宝宝出生的那一天，才可以与之相媲美。,意译：基诺和胡安娜认为，这一天非常重要。,B:Put the following sentences into Chinese.,25 九月 2025,3.Compare and discuss the two methods.,A.Situations Suitable for Literal Translation,a.Total equivalents:,b.Though the expressions in two languages are different,we can find the equivalents in the tone of both languages.,1.to keep the room clean and tidy,2.to enrich cultural life,3.to add fuel to the fire,4.to fish in troubled water,保持房间整洁,丰富文化生活,火上浇油,浑水摸鱼,1.I read his letter with both surprise and excitement,surprise,because he is still alive,excitement because he didnt even forget me.,我读到他的信时既惊又喜，惊的是他还健在，喜的是他一直没有忘记我。,“Translate literally if possible or appeal to free translation.”,1.I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.,直译：我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了 我的妻子。,意译,：我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家见到妻子的候，已经是,白发苍苍了。,2.The Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.,直译：黑人依然在美国社会的角落中饱受痛苦，并发现自己是自己,国土上的流亡者。,意译,：黑人仍然在美国社会的角落里过着痛苦的生活；美国虽是他,们的家园，而他们却感到流落异乡。,B.Situations Suitable for Free Translation,Milky Way,Adams apple,at sixes and sevens,银河,喉结,乱七八糟,25 九月 2025,III.,翻译的基本标准,忠实与通顺,这一标准源自鲁迅和茅盾先生。鲁迅先生在,“题定位”草,一文中说：“凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿”。也就是人们说的“信”、“顺”二字。,1954,年，茅盾在,为发展文学翻译事业和提高翻译质量而奋斗,的报告中指出，“对于一般翻译的最低限度的要求，至少应该是用明白畅达的译文，忠实地传达原作的内容。”也就是说，翻译要“忠实”和“通顺”。,“忠实”是指把原作的思想内容完整而准确地用译入语表达出来，同时还要注意保持原作的风格。“通顺”是指译文语言流畅规范，明白易懂。“忠实”与“通顺”是一个标准的两个方面，实践中力求做到辩证的统一，两者不可偏废。,1.definition,25 九月 2025,2.practice,1,）,The President stands there,hat in hand,begging Congress for their votes.,2,）,He could see the lights of a cigar store and of an all-night counter,but most of the shops had long been closed.,总统站在那儿，毕恭毕敬地请求国会议员们投赞成票。,他看到雪茄烟店和通宵服务的柜台还亮着灯，而这时大多数店铺已关门很久了。,3,）,From there I could see the whole valley below,the fields,the river,and the village.It was all very beautiful,and the sight of it filled me with longing.,从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流和村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。,25 九月 2025,4,）,After a sleepless night,during which Joe smoked a whole pack of cigarettes,his eyes were blood-shot,and his breath smelled of tobacco.,乔一夜都没合眼，整整吸了一包烟，双眼布满血丝，满嘴烟味。,3.conclusion,忠实与通顺是辩证统一的，忠实而不通顺，读者看不懂，也就谈不到忠实；通顺而不忠实，脱离原作的内容与风格，通顺也就失去了其意义，使译文成了杜撰或乱译。所以，二者不可偏废。,