McKinsey-problemsolving麦肯锡解决问题的方法.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,PROBLEM SOLVING WITH THE MCKINSEY METHOD,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,1,MCKINSEY,PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH,Intuition,Data,Problem,Solution,Business Need,Competitive,Organizational,Financial,Operational,Analyzing,Framing,Designing,Gathering,Interpreting,Presenting,Structure,Buy-in,Implementation,Dedication,Reaction,Completion,Iteration,Leadership,Vision,Inspiration,Delegation,Managing,Team,Client,Self,Focus of todays discussion,2,FRAMING THE PROBLEM KEY TIPS,Start with structure,not data,Break the problem into“MECE”parts(using issue trees),Form a sound hypothesis as to the answer,Identify what conditions are necessary and sufficient to prove the hypothesis(using hypothesis trees),Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,3,FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLE,Problem:How can the Acme Widget Company increase profits from its existing business lines?,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,4,FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLE,How can Acme increase profits from existing business lines?,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,5,FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLE,How can Acme increase profits from existing business lines?,From Widgets,From Thrum-mats,From Grommets,Which Business Lines?,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,6,FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLE,How can Acme increase profits from existing business lines?,From Widgets,From Thrum-mats,From Grommets,Increase Revenues,Decrease Expenses,Which Business Lines?,How?,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,7,FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLE,How can Acme increase profits from existing business lines?,From Widgets,From Thrum-mats,From Grommets,Increase Revenues,Decrease Expenses,Decrease raw material costs,Decrease labor costs,Decrease overhead costs,Which Business Lines?,How?,How?,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,8,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,9,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,10,FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE EXAMPLE,How can Acme increase profits from existing business lines?,From Widgets,From Thrum-mats,From Grommets,Increase Revenues,Decrease Expenses,Decrease raw material costs,Decrease labor costs,Decrease overhead costs,Negotiate wage concessions,Implement a labor-saving production process,Which Product Lines?,How?,How?,How?,Negotiate higher productivity quotas,11,FRAMING THE PROBLEM ISSUE TREE ASSIGNMENT,Problem:How can I have more money at the end of each month without incurring debt?,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,12,ISSUE TREES VS.HYPOTHESIS TREES,Issue trees identify all potential ideas,Issue trees ask“How”we could meet a desired outcome,Issue trees are excellent for organizing ideas in a“MECE”manner,Complete issue trees uncover all potential ideas,Hypothesis trees focus and build up an argument or conclusion,Hypothesis trees ask“Why”we believe something to be true,Hypothesis trees are excellent for narrowing down investigation to essentials,Complete hypothesis trees build up a complete argument,Hypothesis trees focus on the“so what”of any data that is presented,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,13,FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE EXAMPLE,Hypothesis:We can increase the profitability of the Acme Widget Company through a streamlined production process for thrum-mats.,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,14,FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE EXAMPLE,We can increase thrum-mat profitability with the new production process.,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,15,FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE EXAMPLE,We can increase thrum-mat profitability with the new production process.,It will reduce our costs.,Our organization can implement the necessary changes.,We can maintain product quality while implementing the process.,Why?,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,16,FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE EXAMPLE,We can increase thrum-mat profitability with the new production process.,It will reduce our costs.,Our organization can implement the necessary changes.,We can maintain product quality while implementing the process.,The process does not require new facilities.,The process does not require new skills.,Why?,Why?,17,FRAMING THE PROBLEM HYPOTHESIS TREE ASSIGNMENT,Hypothesis:The best way for me to have more money at the end of the month is to spend less through comparison shopping.,18,DESIGNING THE ANALYSIS KEY TIPS,Lay out the issues in a written workplan by priority,Identify the essential analyses necessary to draw conclusions on each issue,Disregard analyses that are“interesting”but not essential to prove/disprove the hypothesis,Avoid time-consuming analyses designed for more precision than necessary,Begin each analysis with the end(specific end products and timing)in mind,19,DESIGNING THE ANALYSIS WORKPLAN EXAMPLE,Issue/Hypothesis,Can we implement the new production process?,Yes,Does the process require new facilities?,No,If it does require new facilities,can we acquire them economically?,Yes,Analyses,Technical specifications,List of facilities that meet new criteria,Map of“facilities gap”,Sources of required facilities/equipment,Cost to fill gaps,Effect on project rate of return,Data Sources,Articles,interviews,Facilities management,interviews,Facilities management,thrum-mat line supervisors,interviews,Operations,trade publications,Operations,contractors,interviews,Finance department,prior analysis,End Product,Chart,List,Chart,List,Table,Spreadsheet,Responsibility,Tom,Tom,Belinda,Belinda,Belinda,Terry,Due dates,3-Jun,5-Jun,7-Jun,7-Jun,10-Jun,12-Jun,20,GATHERING THE DATA KEY TIPS,Use the workplan to focus the search,Search the web and other public sources for essential facts,Identify and interview experts to uncover hard-to-find facts and deeper insights,Conduct primary research only if unavoidable,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,21,INTERPRETING THE RESULTS KEY TIPS,Look for the 80/20 opportunities,Always ask,“whats the so what?”,Perform sanity checks,Draw a chart for each insight,Dont make the facts fit your hypothesis,Pull together“the story”,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,22,BACKUP,Membrane,For Better Tomorrow,23,