混凝沉淀实验课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,*,混凝沉淀实验,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,一实验目的,观察混凝现象，从而加深对混凝理论的理解。,了解混凝剂的筛选方法。,选择和确定最佳的混凝工艺条件。,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,二实验原理,Al,3+,+,6H,2,O,Al(H,2,O),6,3+,Al(H,2,O),6,3+,Al(OH)(H,2,O),5,2+,+H,+,Al(OH)(H,2,O),5,2+,Al(OH),2,(H,2,O),4,+,+H,+,Al(OH),2,(H,2,O),4,+,Al(OH),3,+3,H,2,O,+,H,+,Al(OH),3,沉淀对胶粒进行网捕,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,整个过程经历三个阶段：混合，絮凝和沉淀,混合 胶体脱稳,混合时间：1030s，最多不超过min,速度梯度：5001000s,-1,絮凝 生成矾花,保证足够的絮凝时间,：1075s,-1,沉淀 矾花与水分离,停止搅拌，静置,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,三、实验仪器及试剂,1,、仪器,（,1,）,1000ml,量筒,2,个,（,2,）,200ml,烧杯,6,个,（,3,）,10ml,移液管,5,个,（,4,）光电式浊度仪,（,5,）可编程六联电动搅拌器,（,6,）,pH,计,2,、试剂,1,）硫酸铝,Al,2,（,SO,4,）,3,18H,2,O,：,10g/L,（,2,）三氯化铁,FeCl,3,6H,2,O,：,10g/L,（,3,）盐酸,HCl,：,10%,（,4,）氢氧化钠,NaOH,：,10%,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,掌握可编程六联电动搅拌器的使用方法,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,（）搅拌过程完成后，停机，静沉10min，观察并记录“矾花沉淀的过程,（）静沉结束后，分别取出100mL上清液，并分别用浊度仪测,出剩余浊度,（）绘制剩余浊度-投药量曲线,（）根据同样的方法确定FeCl,3,的最佳投药量,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,表1 最佳投加量实验记录表,原水浊度原水温度原水pH混凝剂 Al,2,(SO4),3,水样编号,混凝剂投,加量 ,矾化形成,时间,水样剩余,浊度,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,最佳混凝剂投加量,浊度,混凝剂投加量,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,2确定最佳pH值范围,（）另取5个1000 mL水样，向水样中加酸或碱调节pH值，依次为4mL、2mL(10%HCl)、0mL、2mL、4mL(10%NaOH)快速搅30s(500转/分)，用pH计测pH值。,（）按前面确定的最佳投药量加Al,2,(SO,4,),3,分别于个加药杯重复2(3)(6),绘制剩余浊度-pH值曲线，确定最佳pH范围。,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,表2 最佳pH值实验记录表,原水浊度原水温度混凝剂混凝剂投加量,水样编号,HCl投加量,NaOH投,加量,水样pH值,矾花形成,时间,剩余浊度,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,最佳pH范围,浊度,pH,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,注意事项,整个实验采用同一水样，取水样时搅拌均匀，一次量取,2.,要充分冲洗加药杯，以免药剂沾在加药杯上太多，影响投药量的精确度,3.,取上清液时，要在相同的条件下取。,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,六思考题,简述影响混凝效果的几个主要因素。,为什么投药量大时，混凝效果不一定好?,3.希望今后通过课外阅读和参观了解工业实际混凝沉淀装置的运行情况。,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,专业实验周要求：,1.实验时必须穿实验服装,2.必须有预习报告或实验方案,3.保持实验秩序，不得吵闹，大声喧哗,4.实验的操作要规范,以上有违反者，实验指导老师有权利终止违反者进行实验，该实验成绩为0,Sino-Dutch Demonstration Researcher and Training Centre for Water Treatment,