第五讲中药名称的译法探讨.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第五讲中药名称的译法探讨,第五讲中药名称的译法探讨,板蓝根,Radix Isatidis,大青叶,Folium Isatidis,麦芽:,Fructus Hordei Germinatus,阿胶:,Gelatina Corii Asini,神曲:,Massa Medicata Fermentata,焦三仙:,Massa Trimedicata Usta,饴糖:,Oryzanosum Cum Malto,鸡黄:,Ovum Centracithale Galli,例如:赵崧,郑子春,沈洪,、,实用临床医药杂志,2011,年第,15,卷第,7,期,基金项目:十一五“国家科技支撑计划”项目。,(,江苏省中医院消化科;南京中医药大学,),地榆、白芷、白蔹在溃疡性结肠炎大鼠中得作用及机制探讨,Effects of Radix Sanguisorbae,Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Cortex Dictamni on the ulcerative colitis rats,地榆,Radix Sanguisorbae,(拉丁),Garden Burnet Root,(英文),白芷,Radix Angelicae Dahuricae,(拉),Angelica Root,(英文),白蔹,Cortex Dictamni,(拉丁),Ampelopsis Root,(英文),当归,-,桃仁药对配伍特点及其效应物质基础研究,Study on the correlation of chemical constituents and activities of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Semen Persicae,中华中医药杂志,2011,年,10,月第,26,卷第,10,期,-P2415,刘立(南京中医药大学江苏省方剂研究重点实验室),【,点评,】,用拉丁语翻译中药名称,桃仁,Peach Seed(Kernel),Semen Persicae,(拉丁),当归,Chinese Angelica Root,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,(拉丁),玄参,HPCE,指纹图谱得研究,Study on HPCE Fingerprint of Scrophulariae Radix,南京中医药大学学报,2011,年,9,月第,27,卷第,5,期,-474,宋建平,、,盐城卫生职业技术学院,;,韩乐,、,南京中医药大学,关键词,:,玄参,Key Words:,Scrophulariae Radix,【,点评,】,用拉丁语翻译中药名称,玄参,Radix Scrophulariae,(拉丁),Scrophulariae root,;,Figwort Root,(,英语,),生长激素联合,续断,对去垂体幼龄大鼠生长及骨代谢得影响,Effect of Growth Hormone bined with,Radix Dipsaci,on the Body Growth and the Bone Metabolism of Hypophysectomized Rats,中国中西医结合杂志,2011,年,12,月第,31,卷第,12,期,P1690,刘应科、张知新,、,卫生部中日友好医院儿科,关键词:续断,Key words:Radix Dipsaci,【,点评,】,用拉丁语翻译中药名称,巴戟天药物血清对成骨细胞生物学特性得影响,Effect of medicated serum of,Radix Morindae Officinalis,on skeletogenous cell bionomics,中华中医药杂志,2010,年,6,月第,25,卷第,6,期:,846,凌昆,赵诣,郭素华(福建中医药大学)国家自然科学基金,关键词:巴戟天,Key words:Radix Morindae Officinalis,【,点评,】,用拉丁语翻译中药名称,传统寒热药对附子大黄配伍研究,、,中药与临床,2010、1(1),The study of patibility mechanism of traditional Han-Re cooperation of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,关键词,附子;大黄;配伍,Key wordsRadix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata,;,Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,;,patibilit,基金项目,国家重点基础研究发展计划,(973,计划,),大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持,继续保持安静,二、中药名称得英语翻译,用拉丁语翻译中药名称虽然易于规范、易于区别,但却难以辨认、难以上口。因为拉丁语就是一种死亡了得语言,就就是在西方,能熟练应用拉丁语得人也不多。,“,拉丁语遭冷落,植物学家用英语命名新物种,”,参考消息,2012,年,1,月,21,日星期六:,植物学新规定使用英语得以取代拉丁语来记录物种,从,1,月,1,日起生效。在至少,400,年里,全球得植物学家依赖拉丁语作为她们得通用语,但这种热情已经冷却。从文艺复兴时期起拉丁语就就是国际植物学家得语言了。,1,、采用英语植物名称对译中药名称。例如:,大黄:,rhubarb,代代花:,bitter orange flower,鸡冠花:,cocksb flower,蒲公英:,dandelion herb,贯众:,basket fern,2,、拉丁语英语化。如:,栝楼:,trichosanthes fruit,(拉丁语为,Fructus Trichosanthis,),黄芩:,scutellaria root,(拉丁语为,Radix Scutellariae,),黄芪:,astragalus root,(拉丁语为,Radix Astragali seu Hedysari,),黄连:,coptis root,(拉丁语为,Rhizoma Coptis,),王建云、,中国中西医结合杂志,2011,年,5,月:,667,国家重大新药创新课题,(,北京中医药大学东直门医院消化科,),人参大黄瓜蒌,角药,配伍对动脉粥样硬化进程中血脂四项及相关促炎因子得影响,Effect of Triangle Drugs as Ginseng,Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim and Rhubarb on the level of Blood Lipids and Related Pro-inflammatory Cytokines During the Process of Treating Artherosclerosis,胡雅君、,中国中西医结合杂志,2010,年,11,月:,1157,黄芪对宫颈癌患者,Th1/Th2,细胞功能调节作用,Regulatory Effect of Astragulus injection on Th1/Th2 Cell Function in Patients with Cervical Cancer,红花注射液防治游离皮瓣移植术后血管危险得临床研究,Clinical Study of Safflower Injection in Treating and Preventing the Vascular Crisis after Free Flap Transplantation,中国中西医结合杂志,2011,年,10,月第,31,卷,-P1322,石宁宁等(河南省洛阳正骨医院手外显微外科治疗中心)基金项目:国家中医药管理局中医药科学技术研究专项课题,【,点评,】,用英语翻译中药名称,甘草对小肠隐窝干细胞增殖中,p53mRNA,稳定性及其表达得影响,Effects of Licorice on p53 mRNA Stability and Expression during the Proliferation of Intestinal Crypt Stem Cells,中国中西医结合杂志,2011,年,12,月第,31,卷第,12,期,P1604,贺毅,、,张娴 贺毅:广州中医药大学第二附属医院中心实验室。广东省自然基金资助项目,关键词:甘草,Key words:,Licorice,【,点评,】,用英语翻译中药名称,黄连与黄芩配伍时主要有效成分溶出率变化规律研究,Variation of dissolution rate of main active ingredient of patibility of coptis and scutellaria,中华中医药杂志,2010,年,4,月第,25,卷第,4,期:,613,胡律江,赵晓娟(江西中医学院药学院),关键词:黄连,黄芩,Key words:Coptis,Scutellaria,【,点评,】,用英语翻译中药名称,菟丝子含药血清对成骨细胞代谢调控得影响,Effect of Dodder-Containing Serum on the Metabolic of Osteoblasts In Vitro,关键词:菟丝子,Key words:Dodder seed,(,Semen Cuscutae,),杜波,、,中医杂志,2011,年,11,月第,52,卷第,22,期,:1951,【,点评,】,用英语与拉丁语翻译中药名称,(三)、音译中药名称,经过多年对外交流,中药已逐步为西方有关人事所熟悉。她们虽然不会中文,却能准确地说出中药得中文名称。这无疑就是中国医药在国际上影响不断扩大得结果。人们感到无论采用拉丁语还就是英语翻译中药名称,都不如直接采用汉语拼音音译为好。所以近年来人们已开始尝试采用汉语拼音音译中药名称。,桑叶:,Mulberry leaf,(,Sang Ye,),枇杷叶,:,Loquat leaf(Pi Pa Ye),地龙:,Earthworm,(,Di long,),牡蛎:,Oyster Shell,(,mu li,),(,di long,)帝隆,一条三环路,三个英文名,Sanhuan RD,三环路、散欢路、伞患路,3 RD Ring-Expwy,(,Expwy,就是,expressway,高速公路得缩写),Sanhuan Thrwy,(,Thrwy,就是,throughway,高速公路、直达道路 得缩写),北京、上海三环路统一译为,3rd Ring Rd,(四)、“三保险”或“四保险”得翻译方式。,在西方,为了保证中药名称翻译得准确性,一般都采用“三保险”或“四保险”得翻译方式。,所谓“三保险”,就就是汉语拼音、英语与拉丁语同时并用翻译中药名称,上面得四个例子就属于“三保险”式翻译。所谓“四保险”,就就是在“三保险”得基础上再加上“汉字”。,厚朴:,Houpo(magnolia bark;Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis),甘草:,Gancao(licorice root;Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis),半夏:,Banxia(pinellia rhizome;Rhizoma Pinelliae Ternatae),当归:,Danggui(Chinese angelica root;Radix Angelicae Sinensis),杜波,、,中医杂志,2011,年,11,月第,52,卷第,22,期,:1951,菟丝子含药血清对成骨细胞代谢调控得影响,关键词:菟丝子,Effect of Dodder-Containing Serum on the Metabolic of Osteoblasts In Vitro,Key words:Dodder seed,(,Semen Cuscutae,),中医杂志,2011,年,4,月,中医常山治疗酒精依赖患者,30,例临床研究,Clinical Research on Changshan,(,Radix Dichroae,),in Treatment of 30 Alcohol Dependence Patients,下面罗列一些,伤寒论,中常用中药,希望同学们能掌握。,Ephedra,麻黄,Herba Ephedrae,ma huang,Characteristics:,Acrid and slightly bitter in taste,warm in nature,and attributive to lung and urinary bladder channels、,Effects:,Inducing diaphoresis,allaying asthma and inducing diuresis、,Indications:,Exterior syndrome of excess type due to affection by pathogenic wind-cold;cough and,dyspnea,due to attack of pathogenic wind-cold,and obstruction of the lung-qi;,edema,with exterior syndrome;arthralgia due to dampness-cold,carbuncles of yin nature,subcutaneous nodules,etc、,Administration:,Decoction:1、5-10g、,Cinnamon Twig,桂枝,Ramulus Cinnamomi,gui zhi,Characteristics:,Aromatic in odor、Acrid and sweet in taste,warm in nature,and attributive to heart,lung and urinary bladder channels、,Effects:,Dispelling pathogenic factors from the exterior of body by diaphoresis,warming the channels and reinforcing yang、,Indications:,Exterior syndrome due to affection by pathogenic wind-cold,arthralgia syndromes due to wind-cold-dampness,obstruction of qi in the chest,chest pain,palpitation,and slow pulse with irregular intervals,phlegm,retention due to deficiency of yang,and also amenorrhea,dysmenorrhea,abdominal masses due to pathogenic cold in the blood,etcAdministration,Decoction:310g、,Coptis Root,黄连,Rhizoma Coptidis huang lian,Characteristics:,Bitter in taste,cold in nature,and attributive to heart,liver,stomach and large intestine channels、,Effects:,Clearing away heat,drying dampness,purging fire and removing toxins、,Indications:,Damp-heat syndrome manifested as,diarrhea,dysentery,vomiting;febrile disease marked by high fever,unconsciousness and delirium,dysphoria,insomnia,dark urine,hematemesis,epistaxis,;suppurative infection on the body surface,swollen and sore throat,etc、,Administration,Decoction:210g、,Rhubarb,大黄,Radix et Rhizoma Rhei dai huang,Characteristics:,Bitter in taste,cold in nature,and attributive to spleen,stomach,large intestine,liver and,pericardium,channels、,Effects:,Relieving constipation by purgation,clearing away heat and toxins,purging fire,promoting blood circulation,normalizing functioning of the gallbladder and curing jaundice、,Indications:,Constipation due to stagnation in the bowels,hematemesis and epistaxis due to invasion of blood by heat,sore throat,gum swelling and pain due to flaring up of fire,skin and external disease,jaundice,and other diseases caused by,blood stasis,、,Administration,Decoction:312g、For purgation,decoct later(only boil for 15 minutes)or soak in the boiled water for oral use、,Trichosanthes Fruit,瓜蒌,Fructus Trichosanthis gua lou,Characteristics:,Sweet and bitter in taste,cold in nature,and attributive to lung,stomach and large intestine channels、,Effects:,Clearing away heat from the lung,resolving sputum,promoting flow of qi to soothe chest oppression,moistening the bowels to relieve constipation,、,Indications:,Cough due to the lung-heat with symptoms of thick sputum,unsmooth expectoration,chest pain due to obstruction of qi in the chest,feeling of fullness and stuffiness in the chest,carbuncles of breast,pulmonary abscess and dryness syndrome of the intestines with constipation、,Administration,Decoction:1030g、,Bitter Apricot Kernel,杏仁,Semen Armeniacae Amarum xing ren,Characteristics:,Bitter in taste,warm in nature,slightly toxic,and attributive to lung and large intestine channels、,Effects:,Relieving cough and asthma,and moistening the intestine to relax the bowels,、,Indications:,Cough,dyspnea,and constipation due to dryness syndrome of the intestine、,Administration,Decoction:310g、,Poria(Tuckahoe),茯苓,Poria fu ling,Characteristics:Sweet and,bland in taste,mind in nature,and attributive to spleen,heart,lung and urinary bladder channels、,Effects:,Promoting diuresis to eliminate dampness,invigorating the spleen and,tranquilizing the mind,、,Indications:,Edema,dysuria due to fluid retention within the body;,lassitude,anorexia,and loose stool due to deficiency of spleen;palpitation and,insomnia,、,Administration,Decoction:1020g、,Prepared Aconite Root,附子,Radix Aconiti Praeparata fu zi,Characteristics:,Acrid in taste,hot in nature,toxicity,and attributive to heart,kidney and spleen channels、,Effects:,Recuperating depleted yang to rescue the patient from collapse,supplementing fire of the vital gate to strengthen yang,and dispelling cold to relieve pain、,Indications:,Yang-exhaustion syndrome marked by spontaneous cold sweat,cold limbs,indistinct and faint pulse;kidney-yang deficiency syndrome,characterized by aversion to cold,cold limbs,aches in the loins and knees,spleen-yang deficiency syndrome manifested as gastric and abdominal cold pain,loose stool;edema,dysuria due to deficiency of both the spleen and kidney and wind-cold-dampness pain、,Administration,Decoction:315g、,Caution:,Crude herb is poisonous but its toxicity is reduced by preparation、Most of the poisonous ponents are destroyed after the herb is boiled for more than one hour、,Contraindicated for pregnant women、,Dried Ginger,干姜,Rhizoma Zingiberis gan jiang,Characteristics:,Acrid in taste,hot in nature,and attributive to heart,lung,spleen and stomach channel,Effects:,Warming the,middle jiao,recuperating depleted yang to rescue the patient from collapse,warming the lung and resolving the retention of fluid、,Indications:,Cold syndrome of spleen-stomach with cold pain in abdomen,vomiting and diarrhea;deficient cold syndrome of spleen-stomach;yang-exhaustion syndrome;retention of cold-fluid in lung with cough and thin expectoration、,Administration Decoction:310g、,Oyster Shell,牡蛎,Concha Ostreae mu li,Characteristics:,Salty and astringent in taste,slightly cold in nature,and attributive to liver and kidney channels、,Effects:,Calming the liver,suppressing hyperactivity of the liver-yang,softening and resolving hard masses and inducing astringency、,Indications:,Irritability,dizziness,tinnitus,palpitation,insomnia,dreaminess,caused by hyperactivity of yang due to deficiency of yin;subcutaneous nodule,scrofula,and,goiter,due to accumulation of phlegm-fire;sweating due to debility,seminal emission,enuresis,leukorrhagia,etc、,Administration,Decoction:1530g(crushed and decocted first)、Powder:23g tid、External use:Appropriate amount、,Ginseng,人参,Radix Ginseng ren shen,Characteristics:,Sweet and slight bitter in taste,warm in nature,and attributive to spleen,lung and heart channels、,Effects:,Replenishing the qi,invigorating the spleen and lung,promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst,tranquilizing the mind and improving mental power、,Indications:,syndrome due to deficiency of qi,deficiency of spleen-qi,deficiency of lung-qi,thirst and diabetes due to impairment of body fluid,irritability,insomnia and palpitation induced by fright、,Administration,Decoction:310g;1020g for shock、,Licorice Root,甘草,Radix Glycyrrhizae gan cao,Characteristics:,Sweet in taste,mild in nature,and attributive to spleen and stomach channels、,Effects:,Invigorating the spleen,replenishing qi,moistening the lung,arresting cough,relieving spasm and pain,and moderating the properties of other drugs、,Indications:,Deficiency of the spleen-qi and stomach-qi,short breath,asthenia,poor appetite and loose stool;cough,dyspnea,suppurative infections on the body surface,food or drug poisoning,spasm and pain of the extremities,etc、,Administration,Decoction:310g;up to 30g for deficiency of heart-qi,food and drug poisoning、,思考题:,人参、甘草、附子、大黄、黄连、黄芩、麻黄、桂枝、牡蛎,性味、功效、归经,清热燥湿、泻火解毒、活血化瘀、润肠通便、利尿祛湿安神、平肝潜阳、回阳救逆,软坚散结。,孕妇禁用,Contraindicated for pregnant women、,方剂得译法,方剂,Science of traditional Chinese prescription,Science of traditional Chinese formulas,Formulary,Prescriptionology,从目前得翻译实践来瞧,方剂名称大都用音译。,中医杂志,2011,年,12,月第,52,卷第,24,期,:2106,国家重点基础研究发展计划,李燕敏 北京市朝阳区中医医院,不同剂量大黄附子细辛汤治疗慢性肾功能衰竭疗效对比观察,Effect of Different Dose of Dahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction on Chronic Renal Failure,大黄黄连泻心汤治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性慢性胃炎得临床观察,中国当代医药,2013,年,3,月,Clinical observation of Hp positive chronic gastritis treated with rhubarb coptis xiexin decoction,【关键词】大黄黄连泻心汤;幽门螺杆 菌;慢性 胃炎;临床观察,Key wordsRhubarb coptis xiexin decoction,;,Helicobacter pylori,;,Chronic gastritis,;,Clinical observation,中医方剂常见剂型及其翻译,汤:,Decoction,散:,Powder,丸:译为,Bolus,(大丸药)、,Pellet,(小丸药)或,Pill,颗粒、冲剂,:,Granule,片:,Tablet,胶囊:,Capsule,方:,Formula,、,recipe,汤:,Decoction,不同剂量大黄附子细辛汤治疗慢性肾功能衰竭疗效对比观察,Effect of Different Doses of Dahuang Fuzi Xixin Decoction on Chronic Renal Failure,中医杂志,2011,年,12,月第,52,卷第,24,期,-2106,李燕敏 北京市朝阳区中医医院,丸:,Pill,大黄蟅虫丸对大鼠肺纤维化形成阶段肺与脑组织中神经递质得影响,Influence of Dahuang Zhechong Pills on Neurotransmitter in the lung and Brain Tissues in the Formation Stage of Pulmonary Fibrosis of Rats,中医杂志,2011,年,10,月第,52,卷第,19,期,-1676,宋建平 河南中医学院基础医学院,散:,Powder,湿阻中焦证模型胃肠水通道蛋白,2,得表达分布谱及平胃散得干预作用,Expressional Distribution Spectrum of Aquaporin 2 in Gastrointestinal Tissue of Animal Models with Damp Retention in the Middle Jiao Syndrome and Intervention by Pingwei Powder,彭晋、王良,、,(成都中医药大学基础医学与):国家自然基金资助项目,中医杂志,2011,年,11,月第,52,卷第,21,期,:1856,颗粒、冲剂,:Granule,化浊颗粒对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠血脂代谢得影响,Effect of Huazhuo Granules on Lipid Metabolism of Rats with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,中医杂志,2011,年,12,月第,52,卷第,24,期,-2125,康学东 甘肃中医学院,益气化瘀冲剂治疗慢性收缩性心力衰竭气虚血瘀证患者,120,例临床观察,Clinical Observation on Yiqi Granule for 120 Cases of Chronic Systolic Heart Failure in TCM Syndrome of Qi Deficiency with Blood Stasis,中医杂志,2011,年,12,月第,52,卷第,24,期,-2109,杨宝元 唐山市中医医院心内科,片:,Tablet,养心通脉片治疗血脂异常,32,例临床观察,Clinical Observation on Yangxin Tongmai Tablets for Treatment of 32 Dyslipidemia Patients,中医杂志,2011,年,5,月第,52,卷第,10,期,-862,简亚平 湖南省永州职业技术学院临床系,胶囊:,Capsule,复方苁蓉益智胶囊对痴呆老龄大鼠海马,MARCKS mRNA,表达得影响,Effect of Fufang Congrong Yizhi Capsule on myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate(MARCKS)