小学英语句子基本结构.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第一讲,一、句子的成分和基本句型,二、句子的种类,三、写作：接受便条,一、句子的成分和基本句型,1,句子的成分,主语,+,谓语,=,主题成分,表语,+,宾语（直接,/,间接宾语）,+,宾语补足语,定语,+,状语,=,次要部分,主语,subject,主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的,“,是什么,”,或,“,是谁,”,。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在,句首,。,We,study in NO.1 Middle School,The classroom,is very clean,Three,were absent,To teach them English,is my job.,It is may job,to teach them English,.,不定式作主语时，,常用形式主语,it,句型,谓语,predicate,说明主语,“,做什么,”,、,“,是什么,”,或,“,怎么样,”,，谓语,(,谓语部分里主要的词,),必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致，它在主语后面。,His parents,are doctors,She,looks well,We,study,hard,We,have finished,reading the book,He,can speak,English,表语,predicative,表语说明主语,“,是什么,”,或者,“,怎么样,”,，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置,在系动词后面,。,You look,younger,than before,I am a,teacher,Every body is,here.,They are,at home,now,My job is,to teach them English,感官动词,look,taste,smell,sound,feel,表示状态,become,remain,keep,prove,get,turn,growappear,seem,宾语,object,宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起,说明主语做什么,，,在谓语之后,。,She is playing,the piano,now,He often helps,me,He likes,to sleep,in the open air,We enjoy,living,in China,宾语补足语,object complement,“,宾语,+,宾语补足语,”,=,复合宾语,If you let me go,I,ll make you,king,.,Leave the door,open,.,We found Li Ming,out,when we arrived.,Make yourself,at home,.,I saw a stranger,enter,the building.,The boss kept them,working,all day.,Yesterday he got his leg,broken,.,状语,adverbial,状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的,时间、地点、目的、方式程度,等意义，一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。,He did it,carefully,Without his help,，,we couldn,t work it out,(In order)to catch up with my classmates,，,I must study hard,定语,attributive,定语用来,修饰名词或代词,，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语，不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。,The,black,bike,is mine,What is,your,name,?,They made,paper,flowers,.,The,boys,in the room,are in Class Three Grade One.,I have,something,to do种类,句型,主语,S,谓语部分,谓语动词,V,表语,P,宾语,O,宾语,补足语,OC,第,1,种,S+V,We,work.(,不及物,),第,2,种,S+V+O,He,plays(,及物,),the piano,第,3,种,S+V+P,We,are(,系动词,),Students.,第,4,种,S+V+IO,（间接宾语）,+DO,（直接宾语）,She,gave(,及物,),me a pen.,第,5,种,S+V+O+OC,He,made(,及物,),the boy,laugh,2,五种基本句型,句子成分的表示法,S:Subject,（主语）,OC:Object Complement,（宾语补足语，简称宾补）,V:Verb,（动词）,IO:Indirect Object,（间接宾语，简称间宾）,O:Object,（宾语）,DO:Direct Object,（直接宾语，简称直宾）,P:Predicative,（表语）,第,1,种句型,S+V,主语谓语（不及物动词）,He,runs,in the park,.,Class,begins,.,We begin our class at 8.,vi:,必背,p.6,sleep go laugh walk come stay swim work arrive happen/take place,第,2,种句型,S+V+O,主语谓语（及物动词）,+,宾语,My father,read,the book,.,She likes,English,.,I know,him,very well.,They want,to go,.,He stopped,writing,.,You must,listen,to me,.,有些不及物动词后面加上介词,就可把它看成一个及物动词,第,3,种句型,S+V+P,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,He,became,a scientist,.,They,are,honest,.,他们现在在家。,They are,at home,now.,我的工作是教他们英语。,My job is,to teach them English,.,keep,look smell sound taste feel,grow get go turn,第,4,种句型,S+V+IO+DO,主语谓语（及物动词）间接宾语直接宾语,直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的,双宾语,:,直接宾语,(,表示动作结果,),和间接宾语,(,动作目标,),He,gave,Tom,a present,.,Give,it,to,me,.,必背：,p.7,间接宾语在后面时,其前必须加,to(,“,给,”,),或,for(,给、,“,替,”,、,“,为,”,),直接宾语和间接宾语的使用,间,+,直当直接宾语是人称代词时，为了强调间接宾语，直,+,间,我把它递给我妈妈。,I passed,it,to my,mother,.,她把它们扔给我。,She threw,them,to,me,.,我为他找到多余的书,/,票。,I found,spare books/tickets,for,him,.,I send him it,“,疑问词,+,不定式,”,作直接宾语,他教我如何读这个单词。,He taught me,how to read the word,.,我告诉他做什么。,I told him,what to do,.,他问我为什么唱这支歌。,He asked me,why to sing this song她问我走哪条路。,She asked me,which,way to go,.,第,5,种句型,S+V+O+OC,主语谓语（及物动词）宾语宾语补足语,call,，,name,，,make,，,think,，,and,，,leave,他们使她幸福。,They,made,her,happy,.,我们叫她康妮。,We,call,her,Connie,.,我觉得这部电影很有意思。,I,found,the movie interesting,他让这个窗户开着。,He,left,the window open,我看见她跳舞了。,I,saw,her,dance,.,watch,，,1ook at,，,listen to,，,hear feel,，,let,，,make,宾补由不定式担当，省去,to,。但变为被动语态时，,+to,She was seen to dance,第,4,种句型和第,5,种句型（双宾语和复合宾语）的比较,第,4,种句型变为被动语态，有两种情况：,We sent them a telegram,.,They were sent a telegram.,A telegram was sent to them.,第,5,种句型变为被动语态时，只有一种句式。,I will make you king,.,You will be made king,.,He gave,me,a,book,.,He calls,me,Tom,.,宾语,+,宾语补足语可以形成逻辑上的主谓关系，即,“,我是汤姆；,间接宾语和直接宾语不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即不能想像为,“,我是一本书,”,。,1,用所给的单词组成句子,1.to,the,box,I,want,take,to,room,heavy,the,I want to take the heavy box to the room.,2.look,things,the,after,boys,their,must,The boys must look after their things.,3.here,all,are,you,You are all here.,4.today,who,duty,is,on,Who is on duty today?,5.Miss,them,3 years ago,Wang,taught,Japanese,Miss Wang taught them Japanese 3 years ago.,6.is,rice,bag,in,there,much,the,There is much rice in the bag.,2,根据中文提示，完成下列句子,1.Have you ever been to,(,最远的小岛,)?,2.We must,(,保持清洁,)our classroom.,3.They,and,(,每两小时，必须坐下休息,)two hours.,4.After work he always,(,感到有点儿累,).,5.There is,(,有点儿毛病,)with Lindas cats eyes.,6.I can see,(,没有异常之物,)in the tree.,7.Mr.Fang is,(,去,访问,)his aunt.,the farthest island,keep clean,have to sit down,rest every,feels a little tired,something wrong,nothing unusual,on a visit to,二、句子的种类,陈述句,This is a dog.,这是一只狗。,疑问句,Is this a dog?,这是一只狗吗？,感叹句,What a beautiful dog this is,！,这是只多么漂亮的狗！,祈使句,Open your eyes!,睁开眼睛！,简单句,I am studying.,我在读书。,并列句,I was born in a small village,and,I lived there for ten years.,我出生在一个小村庄里并在那里生活了十年。,复合句,As soon as,I get there,Ill call you.,我一到那儿，就给你打电话。,1,、陈述句,凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子有肯定式和否定式。句末用句号,“,”,，通常用降调,否定式的缩略形式,is notisnt,are notarent,was notwasnt,were notwerent,do notdont,does notdoesnt,did notdidnt,can notcant,will notwont,must notmustnt,have nothavent,has nothasnt,had nothadnt,am not,无所写形式，,应为,Im not,形式,a,进行时和被动语态（现在时、过去时、进行时）,都有,be动词，,所以它们的否定句与,be,动词的否定句同形。,这个孩子以前没有被照顾过。,The child was not looked after.,他们没在打扫房间。,They,aren,t,cleaning the room.,b,将来时,（,will,、,shall,）,、完成时及情态动词的被动语态,不能用,be,动词的否定句型。,()They,will be not,sent to the front,.,()They,will not be,sent to the front,.,B,、情态动词的否定句,主语情态动词,not,动词原形,I cannot do it myself.,You must not go there alone.,C,一般动词的否定句,句型,主语,do(does,did),not,动词原形,D,、现在完成时的否定句,句型,主语,have/has,not,动词的过去分词,这本书我还没看完。,I haven,t finished reading the book yet.,E,、过去完成时的否定句,句型,主语,had,not,动词的过去分词,否定结构应注意事项,A,、使用,not,的部分否定,如果使用了,very,，,always,以及,all,，,both,，,every,及,every,的复合词,I,don,t,play football,well,I,don,t,play football,very well,.,It,isn,t,always,hot here in summer.,B,、,not,的其他否定表示,a,not,at all,一点也不,我一点儿也不累。,I,m,not,tired,at all,.,我一点儿也不喜欢它。,I,don,t,like it,at all,.,b,not,any more,not,any longer,再也不,我再也不在这儿住了。,I do,n,t,live here,any longer,.,我再也不能多吃了。,I can,not,eat,any more,.=I can eat,no more,.,C,、使用,not,以外的否定词表示否定,a,用,no,表示：,no+,名词,not any,一点也不,There is,no,wind.=There is,not any,wind.,b,never,决不,（语气比,not,强烈）,I,ll,never,forget you.,c,few/little,几乎没有,d,no one,（,=nobody,）,无人,e,nothing=not anything,什么也没有,f,none of,没有任何人；什么都没有,None of,them can answer it.,I eat,none of,the food.,g,含有否定副词,seldom,(,很少,),、,hardly,(,几乎不,),的句子。,He can,hardly,write his name.,We,seldom,watch TV.,D,、,too,to,（太,以至于不,）的句型是不使用否定词的否定句子。,不定代词有肯定和否定意思两组，且指两个或指三个以上时，需用不同的词：,肯定,否定,肯定,否定,all,none,no,something,not anything,nothing,everyone,each,no one,a few,few,everything,nothing,a little,little,some,not any,no,both,neither,each,either,neither,not either,P.15,必背,2,、祈使句,表示请求、命令、建议等。谓语动词一律用原形。通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或句号，用降调。,1,含有第二人称主语的祈使句,A,、肯定式：动词原形,（省主语）,Stand up.,Be,quiet,please.,Do study,hard.,Li Ming,come here,Come here,Li Ming,表示禁止时，,尤其是标语可用,“,No+,动名词,”,。,No smoking.,No parking,B,、否定的祈使句,Don,t,动词原形,祈使句与陈述句的改写,祈使句,You must,(,陈述句,),Come,here,=,You must,come here.,过来,。,你必须过来。,Dont,do that again,=,You mustnt,do that again.,别再那样做了,。,你一定不可以再那样坐了。,Please+,祈使句,Will you(please),?(,陈述句,),Please,help me.,=Will you(please),help me?,请帮帮我,。,你愿意帮我的忙吗？。,Come,here on time.,请准时到这儿,。,Will you(please),come here on time?,请你准时到好吗？,含有第一、三人称主语的祈使句,A,、肯定的祈使句,Let,第一人称（,me,us,）,Let,第三人称代词（,him/her/it/them,）或名词,咱们马上动身吧。,Let,s go at once,Let,s,go,shall/shan,t we,?.,Let us,go,will/won,t you,?,Yes,let,s/No,let,s not.,Let me,try again,Let Tom,go there himself,B,、否定的祈使句,Let,s(us,me),not,动词原形,Don,t let,第三人称代词的宾格或名词动词原形,Let,s not,say anything about it,Don,t let them,play with fire,Let them not play with fire.,祈使句有时相当于一个,if,引导的条件状语从句。,祈使句：,Use your head and you,ll find a way.,条件句：,If you use your head,you,ll find a way.,如果你动动脑筋，你就会找到方法。,句型转换,3,、感叹句,表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情。,分为两种：一种以,what,引导，一种以,how,引导。句尾用感叹号,“,！,”,。用降调。,what,引导的感叹句：,What+,名词（或形容词名词）陈述句（主语谓语）！,(,他是个,),多么诚实的人啊,!,What,an honest man he is!,(,这些是,),多么大的苹果啊,!,What,big apples these are!,多么好的天气啊,!,What,fine weather it is!,2 how,引导的感叹句：,How+,形容词或副词陈述句（主语谓语）,+,！,今天天气多热阿！,How hot it is today!,那凤筝飞得多么高啊,!,How high the kite is flying!,他跑的多快啊！,How fast he runs!,多么诚实的人啊！,How honest the man is!,我多想当个老师阿,1,How I want to be a teacher,！,当,How,修饰动词时,动词不提前,1,按要求改写下列句子,1,There is some milk in the bottle,(,改为否定句,),1.There isnt any milk in the bottle.,2,Take the chair to the door,(,改为否定句,),2.Dont take the chair to the door.,3,He did the housework yesterday,(,改为否定句,),3.He didnt do the housework yesterday.,4,The ship is big,(,改为感叹句,),4.How big the ship is!/What a big ship it is!,5,He does well in maths,(,改为否定句,),5.He doesnt do well in maths.,6,They can put the bag in the box,(,改为否定句,),6.They cannot put the bag in the box.,7,Give him a bottle of milk,(,改为否定句,),7.Dont give him a bottle of milk.,8,He had done with the goods before he went away,(,改为否定句,),8.He hadnt done with the goods before he went away.,9,These people are very brave,(,改为感叹句,),9.How brave these people are!/What brave people they are!,10,Tom has strong arms,(,改为,What,引导的感叹句,),10.What strong arms Tom has!,11,This film is very good,(,改为,How,引导的感叹句,),11.How good the film is!,12,I want to be a doctor,(,改为感叹句,),12.How I want to be a doctor!,13,There was something wrong with the radio,(,改为否定句,),13.There was nothing wrong with the radio.,or:There wasnt anything wrong with the radio.,14,You must be kind to the other people,(,改为祈使句,),14.Be kind to the other people!/Do be kind to the other people!,15,You mustnt eat lunch now,(,改为祈使句,),15.Dont eat lunch now!,16,Shall we play tennis after school?(,改为祈使句,),16.Lets play tennis after school.,17,How cold it is today!(,改为肯定陈述句,),17.It is very cold today.,18,I think he will come,(,改为否定句,),18.I dont think he will come.,19,He works very hard,(,改为,HOW,引导的感叹句,),19.How hard he works!,20,Lets go to see them,(,改为否定句,),20.Lets not go to see them.,2,汉译英,1,父亲很可怜，他几乎不会写他的名字。,1.His father is poor.He can hardly write his name.,2,我很少看报纸，我不知道每天都发生什么事。,2.I seldom read newspapers.I don,t know what has happened/happens every day.,3,我的父亲并非每天早上都到办公室去。,3.My father does not go to his office every morning.,4,好难的工作呀！,4.What a difficult job!,5,他跳得真高！,5.How high he jumps!,写作：接受便条,Dear Mr.Dane,I am planning a dinner party for all the experts who have come to Britain to attend the Engineers,Conference,The dinner will be held in the King,s Hall of the Bright Hotel beginning at 7:30 p.m.on Tuesday,28 July.,I hope that you will be able to join us on this occasion.I look forward to seeing you.,Yours sincerely,John Malory,Dear Mr.Malory,Many thanks for your invitation to the dinner party on 28 July.I will certainly come to the dinner,but I am afraid I have to leave a little earlier.,I look forward to meeting you on Tuesday,28 July,Yours sincerely,David Dane,ClassExercise,你的朋友,Sybil,请你在星期六的晚上到她家参加聚会，共度周末，你接受了邀请。请你给她写一张便条。告诉她：,你届时将前往,你大概于什么时间抵达,你将携带什么东西前往,关键词句：,invitation to spend the weekend,promise to bring you,for it,Dear Sybil,It was nice to get your invitation to spend the weekend with you,luckily I,m free then,so I,ll say,“,yes,”,and I,ll be arriving at around 9 p.m.on Friday evening.The idea of a party on Saturday sounds wonderful and I promise to bring you a cake for itWell,see you then.,Love,Peter,Dear Fanny,It,s been so long since I saw you last.Of course,I,ll be there to pick you up.I,m longing to see you again.Although I,ll have to give up the ticket for a concert that I have booked,I,ll make sure to meet you at the airport by 10:30a.m on Sunday.,Will all my love,Liz,