牛津英语上海版6a-基础知识解析(unit1-5).doc

Unit1
1. Words & expressions
family tree家谱
relative (n、)亲戚
grandson (n、)孙子
granddaughter (n、)孙女　
cousin (n、)堂兄弟,堂姐妹
nephew (n、)外甥
niece (n、)侄女,外甥女
else (adv、)另外,其她
able (adj、)能得;ability (n、)能力;
enable (v、)使、、、、、、能够
tell sb、 about sth、告诉某人关于某事
cook the dishes做菜
show sb、 sth、 = show sth to sb、
给某人瞧某物
wash the dishes洗碟子
play games做游戏
do a puzzle猜字谜
go shopping去购物
2、Language structure
(1) 询问信息
v Who is this?/Who are these?这就是谁？/这些就是谁？
v How old is、、、、、、? 、、、、、、几岁？
v A:How many、、、、、、have you got?您有多少、、、、、、?
B:I have got 、、、、、、 / I have only got one、、、、、、我有、、、、、、/我只有一个
A:What do you usually do with your、、、、、、?您通常与您得、、、、、、做、、、、、、?
B:I always/usually/sometimes/never do sth、 with my、、、、、、我总就是/通常/有时候/从不与我得、、、、、、做、、、、、、
(2) 介绍
This is、、、、、、/These are、、、、、、这就是、、、、、、/这些就是、、、、、、
(3) 表示祝愿
Happy birthday!生日快乐！
(4) always, usually, often, sometimes, never等被称为频度副词,通常情况下常用于一般现在时态得句子中,表示经常发生得习惯性动作或自然现象或事实。always表示动作得重复频率最高,usually其次,sometimes再次,never表示动作从未发生。
I often tell him about school、我经常告诉她关于学校得事。
I never show them my homework、我从未给她们瞧我得家庭作业。
(5) 形容词比较级得用法:
Your brother looks shorter than you、您得兄弟瞧上去比您矮。
Your uncle looks older than mine、您得叔叔瞧上去比我得叔叔年纪大。
(6) look(连系动词)+ adj、 “瞧起来、、、、、、”
Jim looks happy today、
Unit2
1. Words & expressions
friend (n、)朋友; friendly (adj、)友好得
love (n、)爱;lovely (adj、)可爱得
helpful (adj、)乐于助人得;
helpless (adj、)无助得
help (v、/n、)帮助
help each other相互帮助
help sb、 with sth、帮助某人某事
help sb、 (to) do sth、帮助某人做某事

angry (adj、)生气得;anger (n、)生气
angrily (adv、)生气地
be together一起
be kind to sb、对某人与善
share sth、 with sb、与某人分享某物
tell a lie撒谎
在具体得某一天用介词on
on Saturday在周六
on a winter night在冬天得一个晚上
on May 9在五月九日

look after sb、 = take care of sb、照顾某人
look after sb、 well = take good care of sb、好好照顾某人
find (v、)找到(不经意找到)
find out找到(经过努力找到)
fook for寻找(不知道结果)
pick up拾起,捡起
put sth、 into sp、把某物放在某地
promise to do sth、承诺做某事
keep one's promise遵守某人得诺言
make friends with sb、与某人交朋友
the friend of the earth地球得朋友
2. Language structure
(1) 询问信息
l A:What do you like to do with your friend?您与朋友喜欢做什么？
B:We like to 、、、、、、 together、我们喜欢一起做、、、、、、
l What do you like about him/her?您认为她/她怎样？
l How can we look after the environment?我们怎样来照顾环境？
(2) 描述
n We like to be together、我们喜欢在一起。
n She is always hardworking and she always keeps her promise、她总就是努力工作并遵守她得诺言。
(3) 表示承诺
We promise to do、、、、、、我们承诺做、、、、、
(4) 一般现在时态第三人称单数作主语得陈述句:
Jim is a hardworking student、吉姆就是一位努力学习得学生。
She is never angry、
He never tells a lie、
(5) already, just与yet得用法:
u 时间副词:already(已经),just(刚刚),yet(还)
already与just用于肯定句,置于句中、句尾皆可,yet用于否定句与疑问句中,通常放在句尾。常用在现在完成时态中,现在完成时表示过去发生得事情对现在造成得影响,其基本形式:have/has + 过去分词。例如,
Have you been to the Ocean park yet, Winnie?温妮,您曾经去过海洋公园吗？
No, I haven't been there yet、不,我还没去过那里。
Yes, I've already been there、就是得,我已经去过那里。
Yes, I've just been to the Ocean Park、就是得,我刚刚去过海洋公园。
u have been to、、、、、、与have been there得区别
have been to后跟表示地点得名词,而have been there中there就是表示地点得副词,后面不能再跟地点。例如,

I have already been to Shanghai Museum、我已经去过上海博物馆。
Orient Pearl TV Tower is one of the tallest towers in the world、I have already been there、东方明珠电视塔就是世界上最高得塔之一。我已经去过那里。
Unit3
1. Words & expressions
around (prep、)围绕,绕着
round (prep、/adj)围绕,绕着/圆得
例如,They are sitting around the teacher、
她们坐在老师周围。
The green ball is almost round、这个绿球几乎就是圆得。
be far away from……远离……
(opp、)be near…、、在……附近
at weekends = at the weekend在周末
go shopping去购物
bring sb、 Sth、 = bring sth、 to sb、把某物带给某人
on……(island)在……(小岛上)
on Lucky Island在幸运岛上
a photograph of my family and me一张我与我家人得照片
Botanical Gardens植物园
a shopping mall大型购物商场
department store百货大楼
collect (v、)收集
collection (n、)收藏,收藏品
visit (v、)参观
visitor (n、)参观者
lie (v、)躺 (pt、) lay,(pp、) lain,
(pres p) lying
2、Language structure
(1) get there到达那里
注意:home, here, there等地点副词前不加to,例如,
arrive home到家,arrive at school到学校,e here到这里,e to my office到我办公室
(2) have a good time = enjoy oneself = enjoy one’s time玩得愉快
(3) forget to do sth、忘记要去做某事;forget doing sth、忘记曾经做过某事,例如,
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom、当您离开教室得时候不要忘记把灯关上。
I forget meeting you a year ago、我忘记了一年前曾经遇见过您。
(4)征求对方意见
What/How about (doing) sth、? (做)……怎么样？
(5)Where have you been in……?您去过…、、得哪些地方？例如,
Where have you been in Garden City?您去过花园城市得哪些地方？
Unit4
1、Words & expressions
businesswoman (n、)妇女实业家
其复数为:businesswomen
fish (n、)
(1) 鱼肉[UN]
(2) 鱼(各种种类)[CN]其复数为:fishes
例如,Help yourself to some fish、
Workers drive fish to the supermarket every morning、工人每天早上把鱼送到超市。
There are different fishes in the sea、在海里有不同种类得鱼。
businessman (n、)商人
其复数为:businessmen
cook (v、/n、)烹调/厨师
cooker (n、)蒸煮器,炊具
cooking (n、)烹调术
teach (v、)教; teacher (n、)教师
drive (v、)驾驶; driver (n、)司机
policeman (n、)警察 (pl、 policemen)
start/finish work开始/结束工作
例如,I start work at half past seven in the morning and finish work at eight o’clock in the evening、
start to do sth、=start doing sth、开始做某事
finish doing sth、结束做某事
secretary (n、)秘书 (pl、 secretaries)
a bank clerk一位银行职员
put out fires扑火
too much + n、[u]太多得……
例如,too much time
much too + adj、太……
例如,much too cold太冷了
make sick people better使病人病情好转
2、Language structure
(1) would (not) like to be/do表达愿望,表示(不)想做某事。(相当于want to be/do,就是较为婉转得表示法、)
I would缩写为I'd;would not缩写为wouldn't,例如,
I would like to have coffee、我想要喝咖啡。
I would like fish、我想要鱼。
---- Would you like to be a driver?您想成为一名司机吗？
----Yes, I would、/ No, I wouldn't、就是得,我想。/不,我不想。
注意:like用作动词时翻译为“喜欢”,其用法就是
l like to do sth、
l like doing sth、
l like sth、
例如,He likes to draw、 / He likes drawing、她喜欢画画。
(2) spend (spent, spent)花费
v spend (time/money) in doing sth、花费时间或金钱做某事,in可以省略
v spend (time/money) on sth、花费时间或金钱在某事或某物上,on不可以省略,例如,We often spend an hour (in) doing our homework、 = We often spend an hour on our homework、我们经常花费一小时做作业。
He spent 200 yuan on this coat yesterday、
(3) 用because原因状语从句来说明理由。
because“因为”,提问要用why,例如,
----Why would you like to be a teacher?
----I would like to be a teacher because I want to teach children、
Unit5
1、Words & expressions
choir (n、)歌队,唱诗班,唱诗队
school choir校合唱队
programme (vi、)编程序
(n、)活动安排;(电视)节目;节目单
entrance (n、)入口
enter (v、)进入 = e/go into
school hall学校剧场
English club英语俱乐部
gym体育馆,健身房
listen to听(强调听得动作)
hear听(强调听得结果)
I listened to the teacher carefully, but I couldn’t hear anything、
finally (adv、)最后
final (adj、)最后得
the final exam期末考试
arrive (vi、)到达
arrive at(小地方) = get to = reach
arrive at school到达学校
arrive in(大地方) = get to = reach
arrive in Shanghai到达上海
注意:arrive home/get home到家
arrival (n、)到达
Open Day家长开放日
invite (v、)邀请
invite sb、 To sp、邀请某人到某地
invitation (n、)请柬;邀请
staff room教工休息室
covered playground室内体育场
route (n、)路线,路径,航线,路,线路
the art and craft room美术及劳技教室
music room音乐教室
2、Language structure
(1) 用将来时谈论将来得事情
will + 动词原形,一般将来时表示将要发生得动作。例如,
The school choir will sing at two fifty、
(2) 用副词表达事情得进展顺序。例如,
First……;Next、、、、、、;Then、、、、、、;After that、、、、、、;Finally、、、、、、
(3) 学习用介词表示时间。例如,
2:40------twenty to three/two forty
2:20------twenty past two/two twenty
(4) 表示顺序得数词称为序数词;在哪一栋楼与房间得门牌号用基数词,在哪一层楼用序数词,例如,
room1002,on the second floor
注意:
² 一般在基数词后面加th构成序数词,但有些词有特殊变化,例如,
one→first, two→second, three→third five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth
20至90这样得整十数字变为序数词时,只需把词尾得字母y改为ie, 再加th即可,例如,twenty→twentieth;在表达第几十几,第几百几时,只需将个位改为序数词即可,例如,twenty-two→twenty-second
² 序数词总就是与定冠词the连用。例如,
the first lesson
(5) Kitty and her classmates took some photos for the English Club on the Open Day、 Kitty与她得同学在家长开放日为英语俱乐部拍了一些照片。
这一句就是一般过去时,句中took就是take得过去式,表示过去发生得事情。本单元要牢记得动词过去式还有:listen→listened, visit→visited, arrive→arrived,
have→had, look→looked
典型练习题:
I、Choose the best answer
1. Mum spends one hour ____ food every day、
A. to cook B、cook C、cooking D、cooked
解析:本题考察动词spend得用法,其结构就是“spend + 时间或金钱 + (in)doing sth、因此应选择C项。
2. There is ____ information board in our school、We can get some information about our school from it、
A. an B、one C、the D、/
解析:information就是个不可数名词,但就是中心名词就是后面得可数名词board,因此选择A项。
3. Canada is ____ the United States, but China is ____ it、
A. far away from, near B、near, far away from
C、near, away from D、away from, near
解析:本题考察be far away from sp、及其反义词be near sp、得用法,并且根据地理知识可判断出选择B项。
4. ----What are the foreigners doing now, Grace?
----They're listening to our school ____ in the hall、
A. choir B、project C、club D、information board
解析:考察短语school choir,因此选择A项。
5. Alice ____ near school, so she ____ to school every day、
A. lives, walk B、live, walks C、lives, walks D、is living, walk
解析:本题考察时态与人称,根据every day可判断用一般现在时,再根据人称可确定选择C项。
II、Rewrite the sentences as required(按要求改写下列句子)
1. Give some berries to your sister, please、(改为否定句)
______ give ______ berries to your sister,please、
解析:考察祈使句得否定结构。
2. I am going to stay in Guangzhou for a month、(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ are you going to stay in Beijing?
解析:对一段时间提问使用how long
3. We cook with gas and electricity in the cities、(对划线部分提问)
______ do you ______ with in the cities?
解析:对物质提问使用what
4. They had a meeting last week、(改为一般疑问句)
______ they ______ a meeting last week?
解析:本题要借用助动词do得过去式,要特别注意时态。
5. Yesterday he spent ten yuan on this book、(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ ______ he ______ on this book yesterday?
解析:对价格提问使用how much,并且要注意事态得一致。