英语虚拟语气及倒装精简总结.docx

虚拟语气
英语中得各种语气:
1、陈述语气: I like apples 我喜欢苹果。
I don't like apples
2、疑问语气: What's your name？Do you like apples?
3、祈使语气: Open the door
4、虚拟语气: If I were you, I would forgive her如果我就是您,我将会原谅她。
1、与现在得事实相反:从句用过去式,主句用would/could/might/should/+V原形
例如;If I had time, the classroom would be cleaner、
如果我有时间,教室将会更加干净。
2、与过去得事实相反:主句用would/could/should/might/+ have done , 从句过去完成时。
例如;If I had finished my homework, I would have passed that test、
如果当时我完成了我得作业,我就能够通过我得考试了。
3、与将来得事实相反:主句用:should/could/would/might/+V原形,从句用should do (可能性最大),过去式(可能性一般)were to do (可能性最小)
If it should snow tomorrow,I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人
If it snowed tomorrow,I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪,明天我将堆个雪人
If it were to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪,我将对个雪人
虚拟语气得倒装形式
If I had worked hard, I would have finished it 如果当时我努力工作,我就已经完成它了。
Had I worked hard, I would have finished it
If it should snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman
Should it snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman
If it were to snow tomorrow, I would make a snowman
Were it to snow tomorrow ,I would make a snowman
虚拟语气在各类从句中得用法
1、I lifted the chair so that I could be seen 我举起椅子就就是为了能被瞧见 (状语从句)
状语从句中常见连接词:as if 好像,as though 好像,in order that 为了,for fear that 生怕,In case 万一。
2、主语从句: It is +形容词 +that+ 主语+(should+动词原形),should可以省略
It is very important that we (should) study English every day 我们每天学习英语就是很重要得。
3、宾语从句;I wish I would visit the moon我祝愿自己能有一天拜访月球。
宾语从句常见句型: 主语+常见动词+that+ 主语+ should+动词原形
I suggest that you should do your homework 我建议您应该做您得作业。
4、表语从句;He looked as if he had been here for many years 她瞧起来好像已经很多年了。
5、同位语从句:
I make a proposal that we should hold a meeting next week 我提议下周召开一次会议
虚拟语气常见词汇:demand,require,proposal,advise,order,suggest
虚拟语气得其她用法:
6、祝愿: Long live peace 与平万岁
7、It is (high)time that+ 主语+ should/过去式:该做……得时候了。
It's time that we had a break 我们早该休息了。
It's (high)time that we should protect ourselves 我们就是时候保护我们自己了。
8、If only引出感叹句,意思就是“要就是…、、多好”,表示说话人得一种愿望。
表示现在得情况,应用过去式;  
表示过去得情况,应用过去完成时态  
表示将来得情况,用would+动词原形
If only he didn’t drive so fast、(现在)
Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice、(过去)
If only the rain would stop!(将来)
9、 Even if/even though表示一种让步语气,即使、、、也做不成某事。
表示现在得情况,应用过去式 
表示过去得情况,应用过去完成时态
Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem、
Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you、
练习:
1、 If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now、
　　A、 lies B、 lay C、 had lain D、 should lie
2、 How I wish every family ____a large house with a beautiful garden、
　　A、 has B、 had C、 will have D、 had had
3、 You did not let me drive、 If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired
　　A、 drove; didn’t get B、 drove; wouldn’t get
　　C、 were driving; wouldn’t get D、 had driven ; wouldn’t have got
4、 _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge
　　A、 Were B、 Should C、 Would D、 Will
5、 I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison
　　A、 refers B、 referring C、 referred D、 refer
6、 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____
　　A、 breaks B、 has broken C、 were broken D、 had been broken
7、 I insisted _____to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him
　　A、 on him to go; should be B、 he went; be C、 he go; was D、 he should to; is
8、 ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today
　---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than today
　　A、 tells B、 told C、 would tell D、 had told
9、 ---Would you have called her up ?
　---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework
　　A、 was B、 were C、 had been D、 would be

10、 I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet
　　A、 would have taken part in B、 took part in C、 had taken part in D、 would take part in
倒装句
为了强调或平衡句子结构,英语中常用倒装。倒装有全部倒装与部分倒装。
全部倒装就是指将句子中得谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
部分倒装就是指将谓语得一部分如助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。如果句中得谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did等,并将其置于主语之前。
1. 以here,there,now,then等地点或时间副词开头得句子,谓语动词就是be, e, go, remain等,而主语又就是名词时,用全部倒装。
注意:如果句子得主语就是代词时,则不倒装。
如:Here es the bus!/ Here it es!
2. 有些动词与副词out,in,up,down,away等构成不及物动词短语。为了使句子更生动,常将这些副词提前到句首,这时用全部倒装。
注意:句子得主语就是代词时,则不倒装。
如:Up went the rocket、 / Up it went、
3. 将表示地点得介词短语放在句首进行强调时,使用全部倒装。谓语动词常为不及物动词。
如: From the window came the sound of music、
4. 当句子主语部分较长,谓语部分较短,或为了强调句子得表语时,常使用全部倒装。句子得结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。
如: Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat、
5. if虚拟条件状语从句中,如果将连词if省略,需用部分倒装。
如:Were I you, I would go there、
6、 as引导得让步状语从句得倒装有如下几种形式:
　　1) 从句得谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”时,常将此副词提前到从句句首。如:Hard as you try, you will not be satisfied、
　　2) 从句得谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”时,常将此动词提前到从句句首。如: Wait as you may, he will not see you、
　　3) 从句得谓语部分就是“系动词+形容词”时,常将此表语形容词提前到从句句首。如: Proud as the nobles are, they are afraid to see me、
4) 从句得谓语部分就是“系动词+单数名词”时,则常将这个表语提前,但要省略名词前得不定冠词。如: Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong、
7、具有(半)否定意义得词或短语位于句首时,用部分倒装。
如:seldom, rarely, not, never, by no means, in no time, hardly、、、when, no sooner、、、than, not only、、、but also等。
如: Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons、
Hardly did I notice the signal when I caught by police、
8. “only+状语”位于句首时, 用部分倒装。
如:Only then did I know the importance of English、
9. so、、、that结构中,有时要强调so所修饰得形容词或副词,常将so 连同它所修饰得形容词或副词一起提前放在句首。
如: So bright was the moon that the flowers seem as bright as by day、
10、 最突出、最常见得修辞效果就就是强调,其表现形式如下:
　　1)only +状语或状语从句置于句首,被该状语修饰得句子用部分倒装。
　　Only in this way can you solve this problem、
　　只有用这种方法,您才可以解决这个问题。
　　Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake、
　　只有当她已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
　　2) hardly,in no way,little,scarcely,seldom,never,no more,no longer,not,not only,no sooner,not only … (but also),not until… 等具有否定意义得词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。
Hardly do I know chemistry、= I hardly know chemistry、
1、 Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted、
　　A、 didn't I realize B、 did I realize
　　C、 I didn't realize D、 I realized
2、 Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language、
　　A、 you can B、 can you C、 you will D、 will you
3、 If you don't go, neither ____、
　　A、 shall I B、 do I C、 I do D、 I shall
4、 No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left、
　　A、 had I got, when B、 I had got, than
　　C、 had I got, than D、 did I get, when
5、 —— Your father is very strict with you、
　　____、 He never lets off a single mistake of ours、
　　A、 So he is B、 So is he C、 He is so D、 So does he
6、 ____ today, he would get there by Sunday、
　　A、 Would he leave B、 Was he leaving
　　C、 Were he to leave D、 If he leave
7、 Never in my life ____ such a thing、
　　A、 I have heard or have seen B、 have I heard or seen
　　C、 I have heard or seen D、 did I hear or see
8、 —— Here ____! Where is Xiao Liu?
　　There ____、
　　A、 es the bus, is he B、 es the bus, he is
　　C、 the bus es, is he D、 the bus es, he is
9、 ____ , I will not buy it、
　　A、 Much as do I like it B、 As much I like it
　　C、 Much as I like it D、 As I like it much
10、 —— I like football、 I don't like volleyball、
　　A、 So do I B、 Neither do I
　　C、 So it is with me D、 So is it with me