高三英语一轮复习高中英语阅读填空训练.docx

高三英语一轮复习高中英语阅读填空训练
阅读填空训练
(一)
In a　studｙ just ｐuｂlished　ｉn　tｈe jouｒnal Ｉntelligｅnce， using seaｒch ｔｅrms such　as　“stupid thing tｏ do”， Bａlazs　Aczｅl ａnｄ hiｓ coｌｌeagues　piｌｅd　a collｅction of storｉes　describｉng stuｐid misｔakes ｆｒom sources ｓuch　as The　Huｆfinｇtoｎ Post　ａｎd TＭZ、 The reseaｒｃherｓ theｎ had　a sampｌe　of　ｕnｉversitｙ stｕdenｔｓ rate each stｏｒy on the reｓpoｎsiｂilｉｔy　of　the　people involved, ｔhe influence　of the siｔuａtion, tｈe seｒiousnｅss ｏf　thｅ consｅｑｕences, ａnd otｈｅr facｔors、
Anａlyses ｏf tｈe ｓｕbjecｔs’ rａｔings ｒevealｅd tｈreｅ vａriｅtｉeｓ of stupid ｍiｓtａkｅｓ、 Ｔｈe fｉrst is　when　ａ peｒｓoｎ’s coｎｆidence goeｓ beyonｄ ｔｈeiｒ skill, as when a　Ｐitｔsbｕｒｇh ｍan ｒoｂｂｅd two bankｓ ｉn broad daｙｌigｈt without wearing　a　diｓguise, bｅlｉeviｎg that ｌeｍon jｕice he had rubbed on his fａce would ｍake　him　inｖisible　ｔo　ｓｅcuriｔy cameraｓ、　
Tｈe confｉｄence-sｋill dｉsｃonnectｉon ｈａs　ｂeｅｎ ｎaｍed　tｈe　Ｄuｎning-Ｋruger　ｅfｆｅct, aｆｔeｒ　a stｕdy bｙ　ｓocｉal psychologｉsｔs Dａvid　Dunniｎｇ anｄ Jｕstｉｎ Kｒugeｒ、 Duｎniｎｇ　and Ｋrｕger had Coｒｎell undergrａｄuａtes peｒｆorm teｓts of ｈumｏr, ｌogic, and　ｇrammar, ａnd then　raｔｅ how　well ｔｈey think they perｆoｒｍed　ｐａrｅd ｔo other subｊectｓ in　the stｕdy、　The ｗｏrst perfoｒmｉng sｕbjects， whｏsｅ sｃoｒes　put　them　in tｈe　12th perｃｅntiｌe, ｅsｔimaｔed that tｈey　hａd perfｏrmed in tｈe 62nｄ perｃenｔile、　Summａrizｉng thｅ　findiｎgs,　Ｄuｎnｉng　noted, “Poor ｐeｒformers—and　we　are　all pｏor perfｏｒmｅrｓ　at soｍe things—faiｌ to　sｅｅ the flａws in　thｅｉｒ thiｎkｉｎg　ｏr　tｈe ａnswers they ｌacｋ、” Wｈen wｅ think we aｒｅ at our bｅst iｓ　ｓometiｍes　when　we are　aｔ　ouｒ obｊecｔｉvｅ ｗｏｒst、
Aｓ　any　ｎumbｅｒ　ｏf polｉtical sｃandａｌs illustrａte, thｅ sｅcond　tｙpe　of ｓtupｉd　mistａｋe ｉｎvolves　ｉｍpulｓｉve actｓ—when ｗe seem uｎaｂｌｅ　ｔｏ ｋeeｐ ｏuｒ behavioｒ iｎ cｈeck、 In the scandal ｔｈat ｂecame ｋnｏwn　as Wｅｉnerｇaｔe,　former　U、S、 ｒepｒesentativｅ Ａnthony Weineｒ seｎt ｂlue texts ａｎｄ pｉcｔｕres of himｓｅｌf to womeｎ　ｈｅ　mｅt on Fａｃebｏoｋ、 (Aftｅr　resｉgniｎg, Weiｎｅr　continued ｈis cｙbｅｒ-ｄａlliances, ａnd ｔheｎ fell ｐｒey　to　the　Dunｎing-Krugeｒ effeｃt when he ovｅrestimateｄ his ｓuｐport in tｈｅ ２０19 New Yoｒｋ Cｉty mａyoral ｐｒｉmａｒy; he ｒeceiｖｅd 5% of the　voｔe、)
Ｔhe finaｌ vaｒieｔy　of ｓtupiｄ　mｉｓtaｋe　invｏｌves ｆaｉｌing ｔo cｏｎceｎｔｒate—Hｏｍｅｒ Simｐsonesqｕe D’ｏh ｍomeｎtｓ、　Aｓ ａrguably　the　besｔ exａmple frｏｍ Ａｍerican sportｓ ｈiｓｔｏry, in the　1929 Rose Ｂoｗl, Unｉvｅrｓｉty ｏｆ Ｃaｌiｆornｉa　ｓｔar Ｒｏｙ Riｅgeｌｓ　recoｖereｄ　a　fｕmblｅ（失误球) ａnd rｅtuｒned iｔ 65 yａrds the　wｒoｎg ｗay、　Riｅｇel’s mistake　set ｕｐ a safｅty foｒ Gｅｏrgia Ｔech，　whｉｃｈ turned　out to bｅ ｔｈe deciｄiｎg　ｆａctor iｎ ｔhｅ　opponenｔ’s viｃtorｙ、　Ａczeｌ aｎｄ collｅagｕes’ anａｌyｓes rｅvealed thaｔ sｕｂjectｓ ｖiewｅｄ ｔhｉs categoｒy　ｏｆ stupid mistaｋe as thｅ ｌeａｓt ｓtｕpiｄ、
It　is, of cｏｕrse, unreａｌiｓtic　to think that ｗe could eｖer eliminａte huｍａn　erroｒ、 To　erｒ will　alwａys be humaｎ、　Howｅver, tｈiｓ　reseａrch　gives　uｓ a　betｔeｒ　dｅsｃrｉｐtion of oｕｒ failings ａｎd weakneｓses, and ａ plａcｅ ｔo ｓｔart　in tｈinking　about　interveｎtionｓ and ｐｒescｒiptionｓ　ｔo hｅlp　ｕs　err　ｌess、 This ｒｅｓeaｒｃh ａlso ｒemｉnds　us of　ｏur　shaｒed ｈuman weaknesｓes、 We alｌ　tend　to ｏverｅstｉｍａte　ouｒ ａbｉlities, to make　ｉmpulsive decisions,　and　to fａil ｔｏ keeｐ attｅnｔｉon、 This simplｅ ｒealizａtiｏn makes stupid ｍｉsｔakｅs seem, ｐerhaps, a little　lｅｓs ｓtupid —　ａnｄ a littｌe moｒe human、
Title: Ｗhy ｙｏu make breatｈtakingly stupid　miｓtakeｓ
(71)__＿_＿oｆ the rｅseaｒch
●ｐiｌing　storieｓ about ｓtupｉd mistakes from sｏｍe sourｃes、
●Rａtｉng ｔｈｅ stoｒｉes ｏn the fａctors　like rｅｓｐonｓibilｉties， inflｕeｎｃes, etc、
●(72)____＿_____　hoｗ tｈe subjects rate　the　sｔｏries、
Typeｓ　ｏf stｕpｉd mistaｋes
Conｆｉdeｎce　– skilｌ
dｉsｃoｎnecｔioｎ
●It ｈappenｓ ｗheｎ　confｉｄeｎce (73）＿___＿_　ｓｋｉlｌ、　
Eg: A ｍan rubbiｎg lemｏn juｉce　ｏn his face robｂed bａnks by (74)___＿__ｈis hｅａｄ　in thｅ ｓaｎd　like an ｏｓtricｈ　(　鸵鸟)、
●The oｕte　ｍａy　be ｊuｓt ｔhe (75)__＿____＿_ when we ovｅrｅstimate oｕr　ｓkillｓ、
Ｉmpulsｉvｅ acｔs
●We　caｎnot　ｐut our ｂｅhaviｏｒ ｕnder　（76)＿_＿_____＿___、
Eg、 Weiner distuｒbed woｍeｎ bｙ ｓeｎｄing blｕe　texts ａnd pictuｒes, wｈｉch　pｕt hｉm at a diｓadvａntage iｎ ｍayoral primary、
(77)__＿__＿ of ａtｔention
●Tｈoｕgh　vｉeweｄ as　ｔhe leａst　ｓｔupid, it ｃan ｂe a　dｅcidｉｎｇ　ｆactor ｉn　may　cａses、　Eg、 Ｒｏy Rｉｅｇel’s runnｉnｇ tｈｅ ｗroｎg ｗay wｉｔh a fuｍbｌe （７8）＿_＿＿＿____　ｆor　Gｅｏgia Teｃｈ ｗｉnniｎg ｔhe　gａｍe、
Ｖaluｅs oｆ　the researｃh
●Provｉdｉng uｓ　wｉtｈ a　clｅar imagｅ oｆ ｏur ｆａｉｌiｎgs ａnd weaknessｅs、
●Heｌpｉng ｕs err lesｓ ｔｈough　we arｅ (７9）___＿_＿____　to staｙ awaｙ ｆroｍ　erｒｏｒ、
●Ｅｎabliｎg ｕｓ ｔo evaluａｔｅ ｏur　ａbilitiｅs　ｏｂjectｉvelｙ,　make ratｉoｎal deｃｉsionｓ　and alｗays　gｅt　(80)_＿＿___＿______＿_、
（二)
How ｔraffic　affeｃtｓ　ouｒ health
      Wheｎ talｋｉｎg　abouｔ traｆfic prｏbｌems,　we，Jsｏ need to takｅ　intｏ consiｄerａtion　tｈｅ pｏllutioｎ thａt　we　are eｘpoｓed　ｔo aｎd the healtｈ ｐroblemｓ tｒaffic　causes、 Ｇivｅn ｂｅｌoｗ　ｉｓ an in-deｐtｈ exｐositｉon oｎ hｏw　traffic aｆｆtｃts　ouｒ heａlth　aｎd　what　ｗe caｎ　dｏ　to ａvｏid sｏmｅ ｏｆ ｔhesｅ eｆfects tｏ　liｖｅ　a longer and　ｈｅalthｉer ｌife、
Acｈes and Paｉns
      Driｖing in a slouｃｈed(无精打釆得)poｓitiｏｎ ｐutｓ　ｐｒｅｓｓｕre on yoｕr back　and　nｅｃk、 Baｃｋ pain is often ｄｕe to pooｒ　posture which can ｈave　ａ ｎeu,nti\ e ｅffeｃt　ｏn ｙoｕr ｈealth、 Ｙouｒ　ｂad　pｏstｕrｅ aｌso ｐuts　stｒess on tｈｅ jｏintｓ ｏf yｏｕr eｌbows　and　knees, ｃausing ｐain ａnｄ tiｒｅｄness tｏ ｔhese arｅａs oｆ ｙour　bｏdy、
    　When yｏu　ａｒｅ driviｎｇ in traｆｆic, you aｒｅ constantlｙ shifｔinｇ　ｂeｔｗｅen　thｅ ａｃcｅlerator aｎd　ｂrａke (ｉn auｔomatic tｒａnsmiｓｓion　caｒｓ）,　and ｃlutch， ｂrake，　and ａcceleratｏｒ （iｎ maｎual transmissioｎ cａｒs)、 Tｈｉs constaｎt　shifting　ｐuts pｒessuｒe anｄ streｓs oｎ yoｕr　ｋnｅｅｓ, ｃａusiｎg knee-rｅlａted　ｐroblems aｎｄ ａches、
Ｗhaｔ ｃaｎ yoｕ do？
    You cａｎ　ｃｏuntｅract ｔhesｅ ill effeｃt　and pｏsture ｐroblemｓ bｙ ｓｉttinｇ ｕprigｈｔ　ａｎd ｈａving　a suｐｐort for　your lowｅr baｃｋ anｄ nｅck、　Ａｄjust the pｏｓitｉon of yoｕｒ sｅａt　in ｓuｃｈ a　way that you ｃan drivｅ at ｅasｅ wｉｔhout　anｙ dｉsfｏrt、 Ｔhe ｂａckrest ｏf the ｓｅat ｓhouｌd bｅ ｓtraigｈt up, and　not pulled ｄowｎ toｏ ｍuch、 Resｐiratoｒｙ(呼吸得)Probｌems
    Expoｓure to heａvy traffic implｉes　exposure　ｔo poisｏｎous rａses tｈａt are emiｔted ｂy veｈｉcleｓ、 Iｔ iｓ ｂｅｌieved thａｔ　tｈe　transpｏrtatioｎ secｔｏｒ in tｈe UＳ　ｉs　rｅsｐｏrbiblｅ ｆor a　ｑｕａrter　oｆ the couｎtry’s greｅｎhｏuｓｅ ｇａs ｅmissiｏｎs、
   　Ouｒ　lungｓ arc　likｅ sponges, soaking in ｅvｅrｙｔhiｎg　that iｓ breathed ｉｎ by ｏuｒ reｓpirａｔｏrｙ ｓysｔem、　The sｍoｋe ing ｏut　ｏf　the taiｌpipes ｏf ｖehｉcles prｅseｎts a serious　ｔhreａｔ to human healｔh、 Proｌoｎged eｘpoｓure ｔo traffic ｅｍｉssions cａn cause，viouｓ reｓpｉratorｙ diseａsｅｓ　incluｄｉng lung caｎcer、
Ｗhaｔ can yｏｕ do？
     There are ways to avoid bｒeathing ｉn ｐoｌｌuｔｅd air If ｙou can, avoid dｒiｖing in ｐartｓ oｆ youｒ ｔowｎ wｉth heavｙ trａｆfic congestｉon、 However,　if you find　yourｓeｌf　drｉｖinｇ tｈｒｏｕgh sｕcｈ areas,　roll up　yｏuｒ car wiｎdows to　minimizｅ exｐosurｅ to harmfliｌ　gases、　If　yoｕ　plaｎ　to go oｕt fｏｒ ａ　ｗａlｋ　ｏr run， ｄo ｉt iｎ a　place ｗheｒe you get lｏads of　frｅｓh aｉr、 Ｅaｔ fｏｏｄｓ　tｈat are ｒｉcｈ　ｉn　anｔioxidaｎts(抗氧化剂），anｄ ｅxerｃise reguｌarｌy so that　ｙouｒ immune ｓysｔeｍ ｉs stｒoｎg ｅnoｕgh　to fｉght ｏff poteｎtiａl　ｔhreats tｏ youｒ health、
     Travｅl and　ｔrafｆic　are two thiｎｇs that are ａbsolｕtely　unavｏｉｄａble，and tｈａt　ｉs　whｙ　we　shoulｄ try to be　as fortabｌe as pｏssiｂｌe, to　bｅ ｓｔｒess-freｅ and illness-fｒee!
How ｔraffic  afｆeｃts oｕｒ　heａｌth
Ｐaｓsage outｌｉｎe
Suppｏrtiｎｇ ｄetaiｌs
Ｌｅad-in
Ｗhｅn iｔ (71）      ｔo　ｔraffiｃ ｐrｏblｅms, ｗe ｓhｏulｄ pay　enouch　atteｎtion to ｔhe pollution　we are eｘｐosed to　and thｅ　ｈeａlth ｐrobｌemｓ ｔhat　trafｆｉc causes、
Ａches and Pａｉns
Problems
(7２)         a Doｏr Dosiｔion whｅn yoｕ arｅ dｒｉving caｎ afｆｅct your heａlth bａｄlｙ in sｅveｒａl ways　sｕch ａs　ｂacｋ, ｎecｋ, even the joints of your　elｂｏws and ｋnees、
Ｓｈｉｆting　ｐoｓｔurｅ　consｔaｎtlｙ ｉn the (73)      of　ｄrｉviｎｇ　wｉll puｔ pressure ａnd stｒｅsｓ ｏｎ　youｒ knｅes, cａusing ａｃhes　ａｎｄ pains、
Solutions
You cａn sit upright aｎd　have　ａ　suｐport ｆor ｙｏur lowｅr back anｄ nｅck, j You can make　(７4)   tｏ tｈe　pｏsｉtｉoｎ　of yoｕr seａｔ、
Yoｕ can　(75)     tｈe baｃｋｒest oｆ　vour ｓｅat ａnd ａvoid　pｕlliｎg it dowｎ　tｏo ｍucｈ、  
Reｓpｉrａtory
Prｏblｅｍs
Ｐroｂｌｅms
It　iｓ bｅlｉeved tｈａt thｅ trａｎｓportation　secｔoｒ ｉｓ ｔo　(76)      fｏｒ ａ quarteｒ　〜gｒeenｈｏusｅ　gas emｉssioｎs iｎ tｈｅ　US、
Our　lｕnｇs brｅaｔhe in haｒｍｆｕl eｌemeｎts ｉｎ the smｏｋe ｆｒom vehiｃlｅs, damagiｎg ouｒ　hｅalｔh　ｓｅrｉoｕslｙ、
Loｎg expｏｓuｒｅ tｏ　danｇeｒous　pollutants from vehicleｓ ｃaｎ　caｕse varｉｏus luｎg－ｒelaｔeｄ ｄiseaｓes, lunｇ caｎcer (77)    、
Solｕtions
Yｏｕ should try ｔo drive　thｒough　ｔhｅ　areａs (78）　    from ｈeａｖy　tｒaffic conｇｅｓtion、
You ｍust ｗinｄ　uｐ your　car windowｓ tｏ　ｋeeｐ exposurｅ,　ｔｏ ｈarmfijl poｌlｕtantｓ tｏ ｔhe (7９)     、
Ｙｏu ｓhouｌd choose a　plａｃe where ｙｏｕ get ｌoａds of　fｒｅsh　aiｒ ｔo takｅ a walｋ or havｅ a run、
You　must atｔach (８０）　       to yoｕr dieｔ ａnd rｅｇular exerｃise to ｆｉｇhｔ　ｏff potential tｈreaｔs ｔｏ your ｈeａｌth、
Ｃoｎcｌusｉoｎ t We　should try to ｂe　stｒeｓs－ｆree and illness－free ｗｈile　dｒivｉnｇ or I travelｉｎg、
(三)
Ｎｅw resｅaｒch sayｓ 35 ｐercent ｏf chｉｌd　dｅatｈs worｌdwide　aｒｅ　cａusｅｄ by hunger、 　The rｅsearcｈ eｓ ｆrom ｐoｏr or ｍiddle－ine couｎtries in Africａ,  Ａsia and Ｌatiｎ Aｍericａ、    　
Robｅrt Ｂlack frｏm the Bloombeｒg Ｓchooｌ of　Pubｌｉc　Heａlｔｈ ａt Jｏhns　Hopkiｎs Ｕnｉversity in Marｙlanｄ　is tｈe lｅad writeｒ　oｆ　tｈe reseaｒcｈ、  Hｅ　saｙｓ more than 3、 ５ miｌlion mｏtherｓ and ｃhildｒｅｎ under ｆive ｄiｅ ｉn　poor countriｅs　eacｈ yｅar　ｂeｃａusｅ of hunｇer、    　
Ｈe ｓays ａboｕｔ two ｍillｉon cｈilｄｒen dｉｅ　ｆrom underｄevelopｍent,  ｅitheｒ befoｒｅ or　after birth、 　Ｍillions of　ｏthers who　survivｅ faｃe a lifeｔime oｆ　diｓabiliｔｉes ｏr　ｅａrlｙ　dｅath and　ｔhe ｅｆfｅcｔs are not　ｊｕst phyｓiｃal、  Poor　ｍeｎｔaｌ ｄeveloｐmeｎｔ　aｌsｏ rｅsuｌts fｒom hunｇeｒ aｓ chiｌdren ｇｒｏw、 　Ｔhen　tｈｅ cycle of ｐoverｔy aｎd　hｕnger often　contｉnｕes　for　theiｒ chｉldrｅn、    
Ｄoctｏr Ｂｌaｃk says　hｕngry　ｃhiｌdｒeｎ　caｎ have cｏnditions　ｌiｋe　high ｂlood presｓｕre　and ｈearｔ disｅａse as a　ｒｅsulｔ of　ｈuｎger、  He　ｓays ｔhe stｕdiｅs　shoｗ　that food prｏgraｍs ｎeed to placｅ the greateｓｔ iｍportaｎｃe ｏn the fiｒｓt twｏ yeａｒs　ｏｆ lｉｆｅ、 　Hungｒy chiｌdreｎ cａｎ sufｆｅr their whoｌe-ｌｉfe damａｇe from　ａｇｅ tｗo、    
It is hiｇh time their dietｓ were ｉmprｏｖｅd、  Ｄiｅｔs　shouｌd inｃｌude foods　riｃｈ　in vｉtａｍin A and otheｒ vｉｔａminｓ and　mｉneｒaｌs、  The reｓearchｅｒs say eａｒｌｙ　ｈｅｌp such as this ｃoｕld rｅdｕce cｈｉld　deaths by　２５%、    
Ｔhis　ｒｅsearcｈ has ａｌｓo fａｃed ｓome criticism、  A meｄical　aｉｄ ｇrｏuｐ　says the　rｅｓｅarcherｓ　unｄｅrｅstｉｍaｔe　(低估)　tｈe ｎuｍbｅr ｏｆ chｉld deaths due tｏ ｈunger、 　Ｔhe　reseａrchers ｓaｙ tｈere　are fｉndｉngs tｈat ｓuｐpoｒｔ　this　treａtｍｅnt ｂｕt ｍorｅ　sｔuｄies are nｅｅdｅd to pare ｉt to hospｉtaｌ cａre、
Ｔiｔle
Neｗ　reseaｒch
Themｅ
（71) ＿_______ iｓ ｃhildren’s biｇgest kilｌer、
The ｇｅnerａl　ｉnｔｒoductiｏn
●Of all chilｄ dｅａths　thｒｏughout ｔhｅ　ｗoｒlｄ,  ３5 percent (72) __＿_____ fｒｏm ｈunger、　
●Ｔhe children ｉn　pｏor　or ｍiｄdle－iｎe ｃoｕｎtｒies in Aｆriｃa,  Aｓｉａ and Latiｎ America　are (73) _＿______　wiｔh ｓuch a　sitｕａtioｎ、
●Each yeａr hunｇｅr　cauｓes　ｏver 3、 ５ millｉon mothers ａnd chｉldｒen under　５　in ｐooｒ countries ｔo die、
Tｈe (74) ＿＿_____＿ ｅffｅcts ｏf　hunger　on　cｈildren
●Oｖer ２　mｉｌlion　ｃhildren ｄiｅ ｆrｏm hｕnger ｂeforｅ oｒ after ｔhey　ａrｅ (75） ＿__＿＿___ 、　
●Miｌlｉoｎs of the　sｕrvivｏｒs wｉll　bｅ disａbled aｌl tｈeｉr　lｉves oｒ ｄie　aｔ ａｎ early （７６)　__＿＿__＿_ 、　
●Hungｅr can also rｅsult　ｉn cｈｉldren’s ｂａd　mｅntal development、
●Hｕｎgｅｒ caｎ　briｎg childreｎ high bｌood presｓure and　ｈｅart dｉsease， 　tｏｏ、
Ｔｈe (７７) ＿＿___＿__　to save children
●Ｆooｄ proｇｒａms ｍusｔ ｒｅalｉze thｅ period　bｅtｗeeｎ ｔhe birth anｄ　the　age of　2 iｓ ｔhe　mｏst （78）　_______＿ for cｈildreｎ’s ｐhyｓicａl dｅvelopmeｎt、　
●Diets ｓhould be　improveｄ、
●Dｉets　sｈｏuld conｔaiｎ fｏod with (79) ＿_＿_＿___ vitaｍiｎｓ ａｎd miｎeｒals、
Some ｃriｔiｃism on the rｅsearch
●Ｎｏｔ (80） ______＿_　cｈild dｅaths aｒe　paid attｅnｔiｏn　ｔｏ ｂy the　rｅsｅａrcheｒs、
 (四)
Everyｂｏdｙ loves　self-impｒｏｖeｍent、　Thaｔ’s wｈy ｗe’rｅ　ｓucｈ enｔｈusiaｓｔic consumｅｒs of　“tｏp 10” lists　ｏf thiｎgs　ｔo do　tｏ ｂe a ｍoｒe　produｃtive,　ｐｒoｍotabｌe,　mｉndfuｌ—　ｙoｕ ｎame　it—lｅadｅr、 Buｔ thesｅ lｉｓtｓ seldom　wｏrk、 Whaｔ　if　ｗe ｄidｎ’ｔ thｉnk of seｌf-iｍpｒovement as work？　Whaｔ ｉf we　thouｇht of it as　pｌaｙ—ｓpeｃｉfｉcａlｌy, aｓ playing with　our ｓeｎse of seｌｆ?
Ｔradiｔioｎally, ｐeopｌe ｗorｋ on ｔhemsｅｌｖes, ｍittｅd tｏ ｄoing everｙtｈing in　their poweｒ ｔｏ change　ｔheir leaderｓｈip style、 You sｅｔ your　ｇｏals ａnｄ objeｃtiｖes, you ａｒe mｉndfｕl　ｏf　yｏｕｒ tiｍｅ, aｎｄ seｅk ｅffｉcient　soｌutions、 You’re ｎｏt goｉng to dｅvｉaｔｅ(偏离)　froｍ　tｈe　ｓｔraｉgｈt and narroｗ、　Ｙoｕ focus　on ｗhat yoｕ ｓhoｕｌd do, ｅspecialｌｙ ａs otherｓ　ｓｅｅ　ｉt, as ｏpposeｄ to wｈat yｏu　ｗant tｏ　dｏ、　It’s all　ｖeｒy ｓerｉous and ｎｏt ｗｈole ｏf　fun、 Therｅ is ｏｎe ｒighｔ　anｓwer、 Ｓｕccess or failure is　thｅ ｏuｔe、 Wｅ judｇe ｏursｅｌves、
Ｉn contrast, no matter whａｔ　you’re　up　to, when you’re　in “ｐlay”　mｏｄe, youｒ primary　drｉｖｅrs　are ｅnjoymenｔ aｎd dｉｓｃovery instead　of goals ａnd ｏbjｅｃtives、 You’re　cｕriouｓ、 You losｅ tｒack of time、　Lｉke ｉn all ｆorms if　plａy， the ｊourney　ｂeｅs more impｏrｔant　than ａ pｒe－set destiｎation、
Ｍｕｃh　resｅarch ｓhows　hoｗ plaｙ devｅlops creativitｙ and iｎnovation、 Play wｉtｈ your　ｏwn　idｅa of yoｕrseｌｆ is sｉmｉｌar ｔo　plａying　wiｔh ｆuture ｐoｓsｉｂiｌｉｔies、 So, wｅ　stｏp evaluating　ｔoｄaｙ’s selｆ　aｇａinｓt uｎａchieｖａｂle ideａl　of leadeｒship　that　doｅsｎ’t ｒeallｙ exiｓt、 We alｓo ｓtop trying to wｉｌl ｏurselｖｅs　to “miｔ” to beinｇ somethｉng we ａre not even sure ｗe want tｏ bｅ—wｈat we call　ｔhｅ　“ｆeared　ｓelf”, ｗhｉcｈ is　poseｄ ｏf iｍages neｇatiｖｅ rolｅ mｏdels、　And, wｅ ｓｈiｆt dｉrectiｏn　fｒom sｕbmｉtting tｏ　what　other pｅｏｐｌe ｗant uｓ　tｏ be ｔo bｅing mｏre self－authoｒiｎｇ、 Aｓ a　resuｌt,　wheｎ yoｕ plaｙ，　you’re ｍore creａｔive　aｎd　ｍore　opeｎ to　ｗｈat yoｕ　mighｔ leaｒｎ　abｏut yoｕrｓelf、
Unfortuｎａtelｙ,　we ｄｏn’t often get —oｒ gｉｖｅ　ｏurselves—permiｓsioｎ to　plaｙ with ｏur sense　of ｓelf、 Ｉn life, ｗe equaｔｅ　plａyfulnｅｓｓ ｗith the　ｐersｏn who diｐｓ into　a gｒeat variety oｆ pｏｓsｉbilities, ｎｅvｅr mittiｎｇ　tｏ ａny、 Ｗe find iｎcoｎsistｅncy distａsｔeｆul, sｏ　wｅ exｃluｄe ｏptions thａｔ sｅem too　fａr oｆf fｒom ｔoday’s “ａｕthentic　ｓelf”, without　ever　ｇｉving　tｈem ａ tｒy、 This　kills　thｅ dｉsconｔinuｏus　ｇrowth thaｔ　oｎly es　whｅn we　surｐrisｅ ourｓelves、
Psychoanaｌｙst Adaｍ Phiｌlipｓ　once saｉd, “pｅoｐle tenｄ to plaｙ onｌy　with　ｓeｒｉous things—mａｄnｅsｓ, disaｓter, other peｏpｌe、”　Plａyｉng ｗｉth　yｏuｒ seｌｆ　ｉs a ｓｅｒioｕｓ ｅffｏrt ｂecａuse　who　we mｉｇht bee　ｉｓ　nｏt ｋnoｗablｅ oｒ ｐｒedicｔaｂｌe　ａt　ｔhe sｔart、　Ｔｈat’s why ｉt’s　as dangerous aｓ ｉｔ　iｓ necｅｓsary for　growｔh、
Lｅａd-in
●People ｗant to imｐrove thｅｉｒ ６１、         　 、
●Peoplｅ ｃan aｐpｌy wｏｒｋ mode ｏr pｌay moｄｅ、
62、betｗｅｅn　the twｏ mode
Ｉｎ ｗork ｍoｄｅ
●ｏne ｉs 63、            aｎd sticｋs　to hｉs roｕte
●ｏｎｅ ｃares ａbout ｏthｅｒs’ 64、            of　his ｐerｆｏrmance、
●one ｊudｇes　hｉmsｅlf with ｏｎe stanｄard— succｅss or ｆailｕｒｅ
In plａy methoｄ
●ｔhe ６５、        　 outｗｅighs ｔhe　outｅ；
●pｌａyfulｎess alｌｏws peoｐle to６6、             wｉtｈ varｉous　aｐｐroaches;
●playfｕlneｓs ｈeｌps ｐeｏple oｂtain 67、            results、
Tｈe 6８、     with applicatiｏｎ　ｏf play modｅ
We　usuａlly regａrd pｌayfulｎｅss as　eqｕａl to ｎon－profｅｓsioｎａl、
69、 　　
7０、         danger, playfulness is ａ ｍust ｆor ouｒ selｆ-ｇrowth、
 (五)
If Mickey　Mouse　iｓ　a　westerner who has captured　ｔhe ｗorｌｄ,Ｈello Kitty　is tｈe ｗorld’s
ｓwｅetheart from Asｉa、 Ｗitｈ iｔｓ ｔwo　ｉnnｏcｅnt ｂlａck eｙｅs　and　ｔhe cute rｉbｂｏn　oｎ itｓ ear，ｔhis
whｉte-faced kｉtteｎ ｈas cａptivａtｅd（迷住)thｅ heａrts ｏf　ｗoｍｅn ｏf　all aｇeｓ　since 1９７4、
    Hellｏ Kiｔty iｓ fｏuｎd ｏn morｅ ｔhａn 5０　tｈoｕｓaｎｄ ｉtｅｍs,iｎclｕding toｙｓ,ｓｃhｏｏｌ supｐlｉeｓ,
ｍaｋｅ-uｐ ａnｄ evｅｎ nｅｃkties、
    Tｏ ｃeｌebrate thｅ　chａrａctｅr’s　38'　bｉrthｄａy，an　exhibitｉoｎ　ｃａlleｄ“Ｉnside Kｉｔｔy" ｉｓ uｎｄerway
at　the Seoｎgｎａm Artｓ Ｃenｔer iｎ Yaｔａｂ-dong、
   　“Kｉtｔy was ｎｏt ｐopuｌar ａt alｌ　ａt ｆｉrst，ｅｖen　iｎ Jａpａｎ、　Onｌy ｓiｎc