[安卓开发]-Broadcast-三种广播的使用总结.doc

[安卓开发] Broadcast 三种广播的使用总结
1、什么是安卓的Broadcast？

安卓的四大组件之一，是一种广泛应用在应用程序之间传输信息的机制。
2、什么是安卓的BroadcastReceiver？

是对发送出来的广播进行过滤接收并响应的一类组件，它就是用来接收来自系统和应用中的广播。例如系统的广播有开机广播： 系统在开机时候会发送开机广播，程序接收到之后，能进行开机自启动。 网络状态改变广播： 3g变wifi、网络断开等。电量改变广播等等。。。
3、Anroid为什么要这样设计？

大大减少开发工作量和开发周期
作为开发者，只需要掌握BroadcastReceiver
4、怎么理解Broadcast和BroadcastReceiver ?

Broadcast就像现实中的广播电台，他发广播信号来，然后我们用收音机来接收，然后处理，并且播放出声音， BroadcastReceiver就相当于那台收音机。
5、使用方法

发送：
把信息装入一个Intent对象(如：Action、Category)，通过调相应的方法将Intent对象以广播的方式发送出去:
sendBroadcast();
sendOrederBroadcast();
sendStickyBroadcast();
接收：
当Intent发送之后，所有已经注册receivedBroadcastReceiver会检查注册时的IntentFilter是否与发送的Intent相匹配，若匹配则就会调用BroadcastReceiver的onReceiver()方法。所以当我们定义一个BroadcastReceiver的时候，都需要实现onReceiver()方法。
注意：
BroadcastReceiver需要注册
静态注册
代码动态注册
6、注意！！！！

BroadReceiver生命周期只有十秒左右，不能直接执行耗时操作，不然会出现ANR(应用程序无响应)，也不能用子线程来做，因为每次广播来的时候都会创建一个Reveiver对象，并且调用onReceiver，执行完之后 ，对象会立刻被销毁，子线程也没了
要做耗时操作的话，应该通过发送Intent给Service，由Service来完成。
动态注册广播接受者的话要在Destory回调事件进行unregister
7、广播的分类

普通广播 (Normal broadcast)
所有监听该广播接受者都可以监听到该广播
同级别接收先后顺序是随机的(无序)
级别低的后收到广播
接收器不能截断广播的继续传播，也不能处理广播
同级别动态注册高于静态注册
有序广播 (Oredered broadcast)
按照接收者的优先顺序来接收广播，优先级别在intent-filter中的priority中声明，-1000到1000之间，值越大优先级越高，可以终止广播的继续传播，接受者可以修改intent的内容。
同级别接收顺序是随机的
级别低的后收到
能截断广播的继续传播，高级别的广播接收器接收广播后能决定时候截断。
能处理广播
同级别动态注册高于静态注册
异步广播 (粘滞性滞留广播) ps:已被弃用
不能处理结果给下一个接收者，无法终止广播。
一直存在
可以先发送广播，再注册接收器
需要在清单文件添加android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY权限
8、Demo

布局actibity_main三个按钮：

7、 android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="普通广播" />

8、d:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="异步广播Sticky粘滞性滞留广播" />

MainActivity.Java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

private Button btOne;
private Button btTwo;
9、 private Button btThree;

MyReiceiverThree myReiceiver = new MyReiceiverThree();

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

btOne = (Button) findViewById(10、R.id.bt_one);
btTwo = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_two);
btThree = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_three);

btOne.setOnClickListener(this);
btTwo.setOnClickListener(this);
btThree.setOnClickListener(this);

//动态注册，在当前activity的生命周期內运行
11、/*IntentFilter filter= new IntentFilter(Config.BC_ONE_ACTION);
MyReiceiver myReiceiver = new MyReiceiver();
registerReceiver(myReiceiver,filter);*/

}

@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
switch (view.getId()){12、
case R.id.bt_one: //发送普通广播
intent.setAction(Config.BC_ONE_ACTION);
intent.putExtra("msg","这是普通广播");
sendBroadcast(intent);
break;
case R.id.bt_two: //有序广播
intent.setAction(Config.13、BC_TWO_ACTION);
intent.putExtra("msg","这是有序广播");
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null); //其中第二个参数是设置权限，即接收器必须具有相应的权限才能正常接收到广播。
break;
case R.id.bt_three: //异步广播
intent.setAction(Config.BC_THREE_ACTION);
14、intent.putExtra("msg","这是异步广播");
sendStickyBroadcast(intent);

//可以先发送 后注册
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Config.BC_THREE_ACTION);

registerReceiver(myReiceiver, filter);
break;
}
}

@O15、verride
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(myReiceiver);
}
}

MyReceiver.java

public class MyReiceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

//获取处理的的广播，普通广播不16、能获取处理
//true代表如果前面的接收器没有存放数据，则自动创建一个空的Bundle对象，false则表示如果前面的接收器如果没有存放任何数据则返回null。
Bundle bundle= getResultExtras(true);
System.out.println("接收器1接收到处理的值："+bundle.getString("msg"));

System.out.println("接收器1："+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));
}
}

MyReceiver17、Two.java

public class MyReiceiverTwo extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//Toast.makeText(context,intent.getStringExtra("msg"),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
System.out.println("接收器2："+intent.getStringExtra("msg"))18、

abortBroadcast(); //截断广播，不让别的接收器继续接收,有序广播才能成功拦截

//处理广播
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("msg","处理过后的广播");
setResultExtras(bundle); //
}
}

MyReceiverThree.java

public class MyReiceiverThree extends BroadcastReceiver {
19、 @Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//Toast.makeText(context,intent.getStringExtra("msg"),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
System.out.println("接收器3："+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));

}
}

Config.java

public class Config {
public stati20、c final String BC_ONE_ACTION = "com.example.testbroadcasetwo.bcone";
public static final String BC_TWO_ACTION = "com.example.testbroadcasetwo.bctwo";
public static final String BC_THREE_ACTION = "com.example.testbroadcasetwo.bcthree";
}

Androidmanifest.xml

21、ng="utf-8"?>

//异步广播需要 一个权限

22、abel="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

//静态注册，全局有效
//第一个接收器

//添加级别
24、/>

//第二个接收器

//添加级别

<25、/receiver>

Confiug.java 定义一个常量作为action

public class Config {
public static String BC_ONE = "com.example.testbroadcast.bcone";
}

TYPE.java 枚举类，集合，没用了，用来判断是什么广播的

public enum TYPE {
NORMAL
}

HandleBroadcas.java p层的处理数据类

public class26、 HandleBroadcast {

private IShowView iShowView;
private Context context;

public HandleBroadcast(final IShowView iShowView, Context context) {
this.iShowView = iShowView;
this.context = context;

//必须动态注册才能实现回调
MyBroadcastReceiver broadcast = ne27、w MyBroadcastReceiver();
IntentFilter intentFilter = ew IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(Config.BC_ONE);
context.registerReceiver(broadcast, intentFilter);

broadcast.setiShowView(new IShowView() {
@Override
public void updateTex28、t(String msg) {
iShowView.updateText(msg);
}
});
}

public void sendMyBroadcast(TYPE type) {

Intent intent = new Intent();
switch (type) {
case NORMAL: //普通广播
intent.putExtra("msg", "普通广播发送成功");
29、 intent.setAction(Config.BC_ONE);
context.sendBroadcast(intent);
break;
}
}

}

MyBroadcast.java 广播接收器

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

private IShowView iShowView;

@Override
public v30、oid onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String on = intent.getAction();
String msg = intent.getStringExtra("msg");
iShowView = (MainActivity) context;
if (action.equals(Config.BC_ONE)) { //接收到普通广播
iShowView.updateText(msg); //回调给HandleBroad31、cast
}
}

public void setiShowView(IShowView iShowView) {
this.iShowView = iShowView;
}
}

IShowView.java 回调到activity更新ui的接口

public interface IShowView {

void updateText(String msg);

}

MainActivity.java

publicclassMainActivityextendsAppCompatAc32、tivityimplements View.OnClickListener,IShowView{

private Button btOne;

private TextView mTvResult;

//p层，处理数据
private HandleBroadcast handleBroadcast;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
33、 setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
handleBroadcast = new HandleBroadcast(this,this);

btOne = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_one);
mTvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result);
btOne.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@Override
public 34、void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()){
case R.id.bt_one:
handleBroadcast.sendMyBroadcast(TYPE.NORMAL);
break;
}
}

/**
* 广播接收处理完毕之后回调更新ui
* @param msg 要显示的文字
*/
@Override
public void u35、pdateText(String msg) {
mTvResult.setText(msg);
}
}

activity_main.xml

android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
36、 android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="发送广播"
/>

android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="普通广播" />

d:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="异步广播Sticky粘滞性滞留广播" />

MainActivity.Java

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

private Button btOne;
private Button btTwo;
private Button btThree;

MyReiceiverThree myReiceiver = new MyReiceiverThree();

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

btOne = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_one);
btTwo = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_two);
btThree = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_three);

btOne.setOnClickListener(this);
btTwo.setOnClickListener(this);
btThree.setOnClickListener(this);

//动态注册，在当前activity的生命周期內运行
/*IntentFilter filter= new IntentFilter(Config.BC_ONE_ACTION);
MyReiceiver myReiceiver = new MyReiceiver();
registerReceiver(myReiceiver,filter);*/

}

@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Intent intent = new Intent();
switch (view.getId()){
case R.id.bt_one: //发送普通广播
intent.setAction(Config.BC_ONE_ACTION);
intent.putExtra("msg","这是普通广播");
sendBroadcast(intent);
break;
case R.id.bt_two: //有序广播
intent.setAction(Config.BC_TWO_ACTION);
intent.putExtra("msg","这是有序广播");
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null); //其中第二个参数是设置权限，即接收器必须具有相应的权限才能正常接收到广播。
break;
case R.id.bt_three: //异步广播
intent.setAction(Config.BC_THREE_ACTION);
intent.putExtra("msg","这是异步广播");
sendStickyBroadcast(intent);

//可以先发送 后注册
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Config.BC_THREE_ACTION);

registerReceiver(myReiceiver, filter);
break;
}
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
unregisterReceiver(myReiceiver);
}
}

MyReceiver.java

public class MyReiceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

//获取处理的的广播，普通广播不能获取处理
//true代表如果前面的接收器没有存放数据，则自动创建一个空的Bundle对象，false则表示如果前面的接收器如果没有存放任何数据则返回null。
Bundle bundle= getResultExtras(true);
System.out.println("接收器1接收到处理的值："+bundle.getString("msg"));

System.out.println("接收器1："+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));
}
}

MyReceiverTwo.java

public class MyReiceiverTwo extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//Toast.makeText(context,intent.getStringExtra("msg"),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
System.out.println("接收器2："+intent.getStringExtra("msg"))

abortBroadcast(); //截断广播，不让别的接收器继续接收,有序广播才能成功拦截

//处理广播
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("msg","处理过后的广播");
setResultExtras(bundle); //
}
}

MyReceiverThree.java

public class MyReiceiverThree extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
//Toast.makeText(context,intent.getStringExtra("msg"),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
System.out.println("接收器3："+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));

}
}

Config.java

public class Config {
public static final String BC_ONE_ACTION = "com.example.testbroadcasetwo.bcone";
public static final String BC_TWO_ACTION = "com.example.testbroadcasetwo.bctwo";
public static final String BC_THREE_ACTION = "com.example.testbroadcasetwo.bcthree";
}

Androidmanifest.xml

ng="utf-8"?>

//异步广播需要 一个权限

abel="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">

//静态注册，全局有效
//第一个接收器

//添加级别
/>

//第二个接收器

//添加级别

</receiver>

Confiug.java 定义一个常量作为action

public class Config {
public static String BC_ONE = "com.example.testbroadcast.bcone";
}

TYPE.java 枚举类，集合，没用了，用来判断是什么广播的

public enum TYPE {
NORMAL
}

HandleBroadcas.java p层的处理数据类

public class HandleBroadcast {

private IShowView iShowView;
private Context context;

public HandleBroadcast(final IShowView iShowView, Context context) {
this.iShowView = iShowView;
this.context = context;

//必须动态注册才能实现回调
MyBroadcastReceiver broadcast = new MyBroadcastReceiver();
IntentFilter intentFilter = ew IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(Config.BC_ONE);
context.registerReceiver(broadcast, intentFilter);

broadcast.setiShowView(new IShowView() {
@Override
public void updateText(String msg) {
iShowView.updateText(msg);
}
});
}

public void sendMyBroadcast(TYPE type) {

Intent intent = new Intent();
switch (type) {
case NORMAL: //普通广播
intent.putExtra("msg", "普通广播发送成功");
intent.setAction(Config.BC_ONE);
context.sendBroadcast(intent);
break;
}
}

}

MyBroadcast.java 广播接收器

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

private IShowView iShowView;

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String on = intent.getAction();
String msg = intent.getStringExtra("msg");
iShowView = (MainActivity) context;
if (action.equals(Config.BC_ONE)) { //接收到普通广播
iShowView.updateText(msg); //回调给HandleBroadcast
}
}

public void setiShowView(IShowView iShowView) {
this.iShowView = iShowView;
}
}

IShowView.java 回调到activity更新ui的接口

public interface IShowView {

void updateText(String msg);

}

MainActivity.java

publicclassMainActivityextendsAppCompatActivityimplements View.OnClickListener,IShowView{

private Button btOne;

private TextView mTvResult;

//p层，处理数据
private HandleBroadcast handleBroadcast;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
handleBroadcast = new HandleBroadcast(this,this);

btOne = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bt_one);
mTvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result);
btOne.setOnClickListener(this);
}

@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()){
case R.id.bt_one:
handleBroadcast.sendMyBroadcast(TYPE.NORMAL);
break;
}
}

/**
* 广播接收处理完毕之后回调更新ui
* @param msg 要显示的文字
*/
@Override
public void updateText(String msg) {
mTvResult.setText(msg);
}
}

activity_main.xml

android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="发送广播"
/>