美国文化American-culture.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The American Culture,by-King,Introductios and Opening Conversations 介绍和开场白,People in the United States dont always shake hands when they are introduced to one another.However,in a formal or business situation people almost always shake hands.,A:Mary,this is Joes brother David.,B;Im very glad to meet you.,C:Its a pleasure to meet you.,B:How do you like Texas so far?,C:Its really different from what I expected.,B:Dont worry.Youll get used to it in no time.,Dialogue Two,A:Mrs.Smith,Id like to introduce a friend of mine,Pierre Dubois.,B:How do you do?,CHello.,B:Whats your impression of the United States?,C:Well,I cant get over how different the weather is here.,B:Oh,youll get used to it soon!,Special Greetings 节假日的问候,There are eight national holidays celebrated in the United States:,New Years Day(Jan.),Washingtons Birthday(Feb.),Memorial Day(May)战士纪念日,the Fourth of July,Labor Day(Sep.),Veterans Day(N,o,v.),退伍军人节,Thanksgiving(Nov.)and Christmas(Dec.),In addition,there are many state and local holidays.,Outline,概述,Review,（,回顾，复习，评论,）,about last class,关于最后一类的评论,Brief History,（,史略，简史,）,of US,美国历史,Character of Americans,美国人的性格,Think about,American population,（,人口,）,:,Race,（,民族,）,and ethnicity,（,种族,）,American flag,（,美国国旗,）,Five symbols,（,象征，特征）,of American culture,List some major cities,列出一些主要城市,De,mo,gra,phic,（,人口统计,）,information,美利坚合众国,(United States of America),从大西洋到太平洋，几乎横跨整个北美洲大陆，仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中华人民共和国，排名第四。,310 million people as of October 2010,and is projected(,预期的，估计的，设计的，规划的,)to reach,（,到达，走到，范围,）,400 million by 2039 and 439 million in 2050,U.S.Census,（人口普查）,Bureau,（,bj,V,ro,V/,局，书桌，办事处）,Population projections,（人口预测）,Race/ethnicity,2010,2050,Whites,（白人）,79.5%,74.0%,Non-Hispanic Whites,（非西班牙裔白人）,64.7%,46.3%,85%/1960,Hispanics/Latinos,(of any race,拉丁美洲,),16.0%,30.2%,African Americans,非籍美人,12.9%,13.0%,Asian Americans,（美籍亚洲人）,4.6%,7.8%,Flag,Stars=the 50 States,Stripes=the 13 colonies,（,殖民地,）,flag Culture,50颗白色小五角星代表美国的50个州，13条条纹象征着13块殖民地。红色象征勇气，白色象征真理，蓝色则象征正义。旗帜俗称,“,星条旗,”,（Stars and Stripes），正式名称,“,合众国旗,”,（The Flag of the United States）。它在正式成为美国国旗后曾经过28次修改。国旗是美国宪法以及权利法案所保障的所有自由的象征。大多数时候它还是个人自由的象征。,纽约（New York）,洛杉矶（Los Angeles）,芝加哥（Chicago）,休斯敦（Houston）,菲尼克斯（Phoenix）,费城（Philadelphia）,圣安东尼奥（San Antonio）,圣迭哥（San Diego）,达拉斯（Dallas）,圣何塞（San Jose）,底特律（Detroit）,杰克逊维尔（Jacksonville）,印第安纳波利斯（Indianapolis）,旧金山（San Francisco）,哥伦布（Columbus）,奥斯丁（Austin）,孟斐斯（Memphis）,沃斯堡（Fort Worth）,巴尔的摩（baltimore）,夏洛特（Charlotte）,rlt,20 major cities in the United States,Birmingham伯明翰,Montgomery蒙哥马利,Mobile 莫比尔县,Anniston安尼斯顿,Gadsden加兹登,Phoenix凤凰城,Scottsdale斯科茨代尔,Tempe坦佩,Buckeye巴克艾,Chandler钱德勒,ElDorado埃尔拉多,Jonesboro琼斯伯勒,PaineBluff潘恩崖,LittleRock小石城,Fayetteville费耶特维尔,FortSmith史密斯堡,MileHouse英哩议院,Kelowna基洛纳,PrinceGeorge乔治王子城,Modesto莫德斯托,LosAngeles洛杉矶,Monterey蒙特利,SanJose圣何塞,SanFrancisco旧金山,Oakland奥克兰,Berkeley伯克利,WalnutCreek核桃溪,Alturas阿尔图拉斯,Chico 奇科,Reading雷丁,Fresno弗雷斯诺,Norwalk诺沃克,Downey唐尼,LongBeach长堤,SanDiego圣迭戈,Burbank伯班克,Glendale格伦代尔,SouthPasadena南帕萨迪纳Arcadia 阿卡迪亚,LosAltos 洛斯拉图斯,Five famous,（著名的）,symbols,（象征）,of,American culture,the Statue of Liberty,Barbie doll,American gothic,Buffalo Nickel,Uncle Sum,American history,Who found North America?When?,14921504,Other important events in American history?,还有哪些其他的历史重要事件？,Names of some American presidents?,总统,Christopher Columbus,(c.31 October 1451,20 May 1506)was navi,gator(hanghaijia),colonizer(zhiminzhe),and explorer(tanxianjia),He,initiated,(faqi)the process(guocheng)of Spanish colonization(zhimintongzhi)which foreshadowed(yushizhe)general European(ouzhouzhimin)colonization of the New World.,krstf klmbs,Colonial period,After a period of exploration by people from various European countries,Spanish,Dutch,English,French,Swedish,and Portuguese settlements were established.,经过一段时间的探索，从不同的欧洲国家，西班牙村，荷兰，英国，法国，瑞典和葡萄牙定居点建立。,The,American Revolutionary War,(1775,1783)or,American War of Independence,The American Revolutionary War(17751783)or American War of Independence,美国独立战争（17751783）或美国独立战争,The Declaration of Independence,IN CONGRESS,JULY 4,1776 THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERAICA,We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,that among these are Life,Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.,我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：,人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们若干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。,For more details please listen to the next time,That to secure these rights,governments are instituted among them,deriving their just power from the consent of the governed.That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends,it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it,and to institute new government,laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form,as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.,为了保障这些权利，人们才在他们中间建立政府，而政府的正当权利，则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或废除，以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则和组织其权利的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得安全和幸福。,乔治,华盛顿,George Washington(17891797),John Adams,1797,1801,约翰,亚当斯,（,1735,年,10,月,30,日,1826,年,7,月,4,日）是美国第一任,副总统,（,1789,年,1797,年），其后接替,华盛顿,成为美国第二任,总统,。亚当斯亦是独立宣言签署者之一，被美国人视为其中一位开国元勋。他的长子,约翰,昆西,亚当斯,后当选为美国第六任总统。,American Civil War,The American Civil War(1861,1865),also known as the War Between the States,Eleven Southern slave states formed the Confederate States of America,also known as the Confederacy.Led by Jefferson Davis,the Confederacy fought against the United States(the Union),Gone with the wind,Gettysburg Address,by Abraham Lincoln,Nov.19,1863,Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation,conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.,Now we are engaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.,Martin Luther King,Jr.(January 15,1929 April 4,1968)Civil rights movement,August 28,1963,Martin Luther King:,I have a dream,I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal.,I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin,but by the content of their character.,I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood.,World War I and 1920s,Industrialization,Join the WWI in 1917,1920 business boom,Henry Ford,1929 economic crisis,Great Depression and World War II,New Deal,富兰克林,罗斯福,Franklin D.Roosevelt(19331945),Cold War,The Cold War,primarily between the USA and the USSR after World War Two.,many major crises occurred-the Cuban Missile Crisis,Vietnam,Hungary and the Berlin Wall being just some.,约翰,F,肯尼迪,John F.Kennedy(1961,1963),Cold War,Richard M Nixon Ronald Reagan,Recent presidents,President Barack Obamas Inaugural Address,We remain a young nation.,But in the words of Scripture,the time has come to set aside childish things.,The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our better history;to carry forward that precious gift,that noble idea passed on from generation to generation:,the God-given promise that all are equal,all are free,and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.,The American Dream,Land of opportunity,(1)individual freedom of choice in life styles,(2)equal access to economic abundance,(3)the pursuit of shared objectives mutually advantageous to the individual and society,Character of Americans,What comes to your mind?,个人主义,(individualism),个人主义是美国文化的核心。,个人隐私,(privacy),个人进步,“,独立”与“合作”,independence and collaboration,美国人有强烈的自我意识和独立意识,.,但美国人又十分重视合作精神，他们遵循,“,少数服从多数,”,的原则,.,数字与价值,numbers and value,美国文明中，物质文明占很大的比重。美国人倾向于以数量来评价几乎所有一切事物。,务实,be practical,down to earth,美国人思想观念中的数量观念很大程度上反映了他们的务实精神。,“,金钱”与“精神”,money,and spirit,在美国，金钱是衡量一个人成功与否的重要尺度，,但美国也并不是,“,一切向钱看,”,的社会，绝大多数的美国人信奉宗教，以基督教,(Christianity),为主。,宽容性,tolerance,美国是个移民之国,美国人的文化习俗中形成了较高程度的宽容性（,tolerance,），对异质文化和不同评议持容忍、可接受的态度。,“,多民族融合”与“种族歧视”,melting pot and racial discrimination,美国是一个多民族的大熔炉,(melting pot)/salad bowl,但是隐形的种族歧视依然存在。,批判精神,be critical,对权威质疑，挑战。,爱搞实验,experimental,美利坚民族性格中，爱搞实验是她的一个重要特点。美国都被看作是,“,机遇之地,”,（,land of opportunity,），因而可以在那里展开实验,从深层意义上讲，美国人爱搞实验的秉性和由之衍生的开拓精神都源于美国人的乐观主义思想。,美利坚民族性格中滋生出了强烈的事业开拓精神。,美国人乐意向新事物进行挑战。他们厌恶因袭守旧的观念，,标新立异,dare to be different,美国人可能是世界上最热衷于、也善于标新立异的民族。,God was left out of the Constitution but was furnished a front seat on the coins of the country.,American humor,宗教与信仰,religion and belief,questions,What do you know about religion in the United States?,Do many Americans believe in God?,What religion is most popular in the United States?,Do Americans have a national religion?,How has religion shaped American values?,What are the main religious problems in American life?,What are some of the major religious bodies and their characteristics in the United States?,Muslim,穆斯林教,Taoism,道教,Confucianism,儒教,Shintoism,神道教,How religious are Americans?,93%of Americans say they believe in God,87%of Americans are Christians,46%attend church every week or almost every week,63%think that religion can answer all or most of todays problems,68%claim that they are a member of a local church,7%say they have no religious preference or beliefs,The reasons for Americans to be so religious,Religion in America has never been identified with an oppressive or dominant social class or set of political institutions.,Most people want to identify themselves with dominant values,and going freely to the church of one,s choice is a way of doing so,and of gaining acceptance in the face of a subtle demand for conformity.,The church is a place where people can meet others with whom they would like to make friends.,Religious preference in the U.S.,Protestant,新教,59%,Catholic,天主教,27%,Judaism,犹太教,2%,Eastern Orthodox,东正教,1%,Other 4%,None 7%,Ten recognizable group of denominations,Roman Catholic,罗马天主教,Eastern Orthodox,东正教,Liberal Protestant,自由新教,Conservative Evangelical,保守新教,Holiness,教皇教,Pentecostal-Charismatic,五旬节教派,Judaism,犹太教,Islam,伊斯兰教,Buddhism and Hinduism,佛教，印度教,Native American Religions,土著美国宗教,Factors in the shaping of American religious patterns,Immigration,移民,Proselytism,宗教劝诱,Denominationalism,宗派主义,Religious freedom,宗教自由,The Protestant Heritage:Self-Improvement,All of the Protestant denominations share a common heritage that has been a powerful force in shaping the values and beliefs of Americans.,One of the most important values associated with American Protestantism is the value of self-improvement.,Protestantism encourages a strong and restless desire for self-improvement.,Self-Improvement,The need for self-improvement,once established,reaches far beyond self-improvement in the purely moral or religious sense.It can be seen in countless books that explain how people can be happier and more successful in life by improving everything from their vocabulary to their tennis game,or even their whole personality.Books of this type are often referred to as,self-help,books.They are the natural products of a culture in which people believe that God helps those who help themselves.,Material Success,Hard Work,and Self-Discipline,The,achievement of material success is the most widely respected form of self-improvement in the United States.,Some of the early European Protestant leaders believed that people who were blessed by God might be recognized in the world by their material success.,American Protestantism has never encouraged the idea of gaining wealth without hard work and self-discipline.,Protestants also believed that the capacity for self-discipline was a holy characteristic blessed by God.,Volunteerism and Humanitarianism,The Protestant idea of self-improvement includes more than achieving material gain through hard work and self-discipline.,It includes the idea of improving oneself by helping others.Individuals,in other words,make themselves into better persons by contributing some of their time or money to charitable,educational,or religious causes that are designed to help others.The philosophy is sometimes called volunteerism,or humanitarianism.,The motive for humanitarianism and volunteerism is strong:Many Americans believe that they must devote part of their time and wealth to religious or humanitarian causes in order to be acceptable in the eyes of God and in the eyes of other Americans.Many businesses encourage their employees to do volunteer work,and individuals may get tax credits for money given to charity.,A National Religion,American Protestants made certain that no organized national church would exist in their young country.,Americans,however,have developed a number of informal practices that combine national,patriotism,with religion.,A number of scholars have referred to these practices as the national religion of the United States.,The main function of this national religion is to provide support for the dominant values of the nation.,Proverbs,God helps those who help themselves.,Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy,and wise.,Save something for a rainy day.,To sum up,Brief history of USA,Characteristics of Americans,BYE BYE,see you next time,Reference source,Wikipedia:,en.wikipedia.org,推荐一个非常不错的网站给教学部的家人们,