直接引语练习及讲解.doc

直接引语
间接引语 
now 现在
then 那时；当时 
today 今天
that day 那天
tonight 今晚 
that night 那天晚上 
this week 本周
that week 上周 
yesterday 昨天 
the day before前一天 
the day before yesterday 前天 
two days before 前两天 
two days ago 两天前
three days before 三天前 
last week 上周 
the last week 前一周
tomorrow 明天
the next day 第二天 
next week 下周
the next week 第二个星期 
初四英语练习题   直接引语变间接引语 2010、1、19
　　引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语[1]和间接引语之间可以互相转换。
1.直接引语变为间接引语，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表：
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时 
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时 
过去完成时
过去完成时（不变） 
过去进行时
过去进行时（不变）
can
could 
may 
might 
must 
must/ had to 
will
Would
Shall
should
this
That
these
those

注意：[1] 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：
　　The teacher said to us,” Knowledge is power."老师对我们说：“知识就是力量”
　　→The teacher told us that knowledge is power.
　　[2]有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时态状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变：
　　He said that his daughter was born in 1997."他说：“我的女儿是1997年出生的。”
　　→He said that his daughter was born in 1997.
　　2.时间状语的变化
　　直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语也要作相应的变动。

各类句子由直接引语变间接引语的方法　
1.当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，跟在引述的动词之后（that也可以省略）。eg:
　　She said :"My sister doesn't want to come here."她说：“我妹妹不愿意来这。”
　　→She said that her sister didn't want to go there .
2.当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的方法：将直接引语变为由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句跟在叙述动词之后。eg:
　　"ls everybody here?" the teacher asked.老师问道：“大家都到齐了么？”
　　→The teacher asked if / whether everybody was there.
3.当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句，跟在引述之后。eg:
　　She asked ,:"Where does he live?“ 她问：“你住在哪里？”
　　→She asked where he lived.
4.当直接引语为祈使句时，变为间接引语的方法是：使用ask / tell / order sb. to do sth. 这一结构进行转换，若祈使句为否定式则用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth., 其中ask, tell, order 的选择要根据句子的语气而定。eg:
　　"Get up early tomorrow , Bill,” he said. 他说：“比尔，明天早点起床。”
　　→He told Bill to get up early the next day.
5.直接引语如果是感叹句，改为间接引语时，改成用疑问代词what或疑问副词how引导的宾语从句。也可以改为that引导的从句。e.g.
　He said to me ,"What a beautiful park it is."→ He told me what a beautiful park it was.
　或 He told me that the park was quite beautiful.
6.语序变化 　　疑问句一律使用陈述句语序，不能使用疑问句语序。　　
　直接引语变间接引语专练
1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”

2．She said: “He will be busy.”

3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”

4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”

5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”

6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”

7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”

8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”

9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”

10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”

11．He said, “We are still students.’

12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”

13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”

14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”

15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.

16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”

17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately。

18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”

19．I said to him, “I have finished it.”

20．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”

Ⅰ.单项选择
1. He asked ________ for the computer.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.
  A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film
  C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film
3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window.
  A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close
4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.
  A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher
5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He  very naughty.
  A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is
  C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was
6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.→She asked ________.
  A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you B. whether I had already got well
  C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.
7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”→He asked me _________.
  A. am I a Party member or a League member  
B. was I a Party member or a League member
  C. if I was a Party member or a League member  
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______.
  A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along
  C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along
9. He asked me ________ with me.
  A. what the matter is B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.
  A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
  C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do

附答案：
1． He told me that he had left his book in his room.
2． She said that he would be busy.
3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his.
5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
7． The mother asked Tom to get up early.
8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
9． My father said practice makes perfect.
10． The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
11． He said they are still students.
12． He told me that he was born in 1978.
13． The engineer said he was at college in 1967.
14． He said he had studied English since he was a boy.
15． She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.
16． Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.
17． He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.
18． She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.
19． I told him I had finished it.
20． She told us she would come here tomorrow
21． The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.
22． The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.
23． The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.
24． Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.
25． The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.
答案与简析：
  1. D 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 2. D 一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句. 3. C 直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask (请求), tell (告诉), order (命令), invite (邀请), warn (警告), advise (建议)等, 而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. (not) to do sth. 4. D直接引语为陈述句, 变间接引语时用that引导(口语中常省略)。 5. C 6. B反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。7. C 选择疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。8. C直接引语为特殊疑问句, 变间接引语时, 用特殊疑问词引导, 并将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。9. D注意时态的一致。What作主语，the matter（=wrong）作表语。10. D直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用。