必修1单元2.doc

必修1　Unit 2　English around the world
要 点 梳 理
高效梳理·知识备考
●重点单词
1．official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的→office n．办公室→officer n．官员
2．voyage n．航行；航海
3．native adj.本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人
4．actually adv.实际上；事实上
5．base vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础→basic adj.基本的；基础的

6．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地
7．identity n．本身；本体；身份→identical adj.相同的，一样的→identify v．确定；认出；鉴定
8．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地，流畅地→fluency n．流利，流畅
9．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地→frequency n．频率；频度
10．usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n. & v．使用，利用
11．command n. & vt.命令；指令；掌握→commander n．指挥员，司令员

12．request n． vt.请求；要求
13．expression n．词语；表示；表达→express v．表达→expressive adj.富于表情的；有表现力的
14．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognizable adj.容易认出的；易于识别的→recognition n．认出；认识；识别
15．accent n．口音；腔调；重音
16．lightning n．闪电
17．straight adv.直接地；挺直地 adj.直的；笔直的；正直的

●重点短语
1．because of　　　　　　　　　由于；因为
2．come up 走近；上来
3．at present 现在；目前
4．make use of 利用
5．such as 例如……；像这种的
6．play a part in 扮演一个角色；参与

7．ever before 从前
8．even if/though 即使
9．be based on 以……为基础
10．over time 长期以来
11．in the early days 在早期
12．the same as 相同于

●重点句型
1．Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的把英语作为第一语言来说，有的把它作为第二语言或外语。
2．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互交流。
3．Believe it or not,_there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
考 点 探 究
互动探究·能力备考
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的
n. 本地人；出生于某国的人
be native to...　原产于某地
one’s native country/land　本国，祖国
native place　出生地
one’s native language　本国语，本族语，母语
a native of　当地人/产于……的动/植物

　(1)China is our ____________， and Chinese is our ____________.
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。
(2)The tiger __________________ India.
这种虎产于印度。
(3)He is __________________ Beijing.他是北京人。　
native country
native language
is native to
a native of

2．base vt.以……为根据 n．基部；基地；基础
base sth. on/upon sth.以……为基础(或根据)
base sb./sth./oneself in以……为据点(或总部等)，
把(总部等)设在
the base of a column/glass/pyramid柱基/玻璃杯底/
金字塔底座
a military/naval base军事/海军基地

　(1)What are you ______ this theory ______？你这种理论的根据是什么？
(2)They decided to ______ the new company ______ New York.他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在纽约。
(3)The t0own is an ideal ______ for touring the area.
这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想地点。
basing
on
base
in
base

3．command n．命令；指令掌握
vt. & vi.命令；指挥；支配
at one’s command随心所欲地
at/by one’s command奉某人之命
in command of指挥；统帅
under one’s command由……指挥
take command of担任……的指挥
have a good command of很好地掌握
command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do...命令……

　(1)The army is _ ____________.军队由国王直接统率。
(2)She ______________________________ the German language.她精通德语。
(3)He commanded us ____________ immediately.＝He commanded that we ____________ immediately.
他命令我们马上离开。
under the king’s
command
has a good command of
to leave
should leave

4．request n. & vt. 请求，要求
request sth. of/from sb.向某人请求某物
request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事
request that sb. (should) do sth.请求……
It’s requested that...据要求……
at one’s request
at the request of sb.应某人之请求
be in request有需要，受欢迎
make a request for sth.请求，要求……

　(1) These materials are ____________ ____急需这些材料。
(2)She ________________________ some water.
她请求给点水。
(3)May I ______ your attention？请你们注意一下好吗？
(4)I request (of him) that he ____________.
我要求他离开。
(5)Visitors are requested __________________ the paintings.游客不许动油画。
in great
request
Made a request for
request
should leave
not to touch

5．recognize vt. 辨认出；承认
recognition n．认出，识别
recognizable adj.可认出的 recognized adj.公认的
recognize sb. /sth. by /from...根据……认出某人/事(物)
recognize sb./sth. as/to be...承认某人(物)是……
It’s recognized that...人们公认……
out of/beyond recognition认不出来

　(1)I ________ Mary ______ her voice on the phone.我在电话中根据声音辨认出是玛丽。
(2)Lawrence’s novel ______ eventually _____________ ______/______ ______ a work of genius.
劳伦斯的小说最后被认为是天才的作品。
(3)________________________ environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems.
人们一致认为环境污染已经成了最严重的问题之一。
recognized
by
was
recognized
as
to be
It is recognized that

6．because of因为，由于
because of是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词。
because是连词，后跟从句。
　(1)He was absent not ____________ his illness, but _____________ his father died.
他缺席不是因为他生病，而是因为他父亲去世了。
(2)It was __________________ that he had gone abroad.
就是为了她，他才出国的。
because of
because
because of her

(3)He realized that she was crying because of
________________________.
他意识到她哭是因为他说的那些话的缘故。
(4)Because of ________________________， I said nothing about her mistake.
因为她丈夫在场，对她的错误我就没说什么。
what he had said
her husband’s being there

7．come up走近；(植物)长出地面；(太阳)升起；出现；被提及
(1)＝come forward走近；赶上；上来
(2)＝rise; come to a higher place
(esp. the sun, the moon)(太阳、月亮)升起
(3)＝be brought up for discussion; be mentioned
被提出讨论，被谈到；引起注意
(4)＝occur/happen(尤指意想不到地)发生
(5)＝present oneself出席，参加，到场
(6)＝appear above the soil; begin to grow
露出地面，发芽

　写出下列各句中come up的意思。
(1)I’ll let you know if anything comes up.____________
(2)A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.________________
(3)Your question came up at the meeting.________________
(4)The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.___________
(5)The young trees have come up._________
(6)I came up for an interview but didn’t get the job.________
发生
走近；走上来
被提出讨论
升起
发芽
到场

拓展：come up with想出；提出
come about发生
come across偶遇；偶然发现(＝come upon)
come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快
come back回来；记起
come on(风、雨等)到来；演出；赶快；得了吧
come out出版；出来，出现；结果是
come to苏醒；总计；达到；谈到

8．make use of利用；使用
make full use of充分利用
make the best use of尽量利用
make good use of好好利用，合理利用
make little use of没有很好地利用

　(1) We should ____________________ every minute to learn well.
我们应该充分利用每一分钟好好学习。
(2)Our factory ______________________________ robots.我们工厂正越来越多地使用机器人。
make good use of
is making increasing use of

拓展：be of great use很有用
go out of use不被使用，废弃
come into use开始被使用
be in use在使用中
bring/put...to use加以使用
【注意】在学习语言的过程中应注意语言的活用以及词的搭配。
How much do you know about the use that we have made_of the money？(句子中use做先行词，关系代词that代替use，在定语从句中做make的宾语。)
我们对钱的使用情况你了解多少？

9．play a role/part in在……中担任角色；在……中起作用
play an important role/part in在……方面起重要作用
play the role of sb.＝play/act the part of sb.
(在剧中)扮演某人的角色
play the leading role起主要(带头)作用

　(1)Science and technology ____________ __________________ developing agriculture.
科技在发展农业中起重要作用。
(2)He will ________________________ the doctor in my latest drama.他将在我最新的戏里出演医生的角色。

plays an
important role/part in
play/act the role/part of

【提示】play a role/part in是“动词＋名词＋介词”构成的动词短语，这类短语有两个重要考点：
(1)用名词做主语，用于被动句；
(2)用名词做先行词，用于定语从句。类似短语有：make use of, pay attention to等。

Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的英语不尽相同，也可以相互交流。
句中 even if 相当于 even though, 意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。even if/though 引导的从句中可用现在时代替将来时。
①Even if you don't like flowers, you shouldn't miss the flower exhibition.即使你不喜欢花，这次花展你也不应错过。
②We have decided to visit the museum even if it rains tomorrow.我们决定明天去参观博物馆，即使下雨。
拓展：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matter when/what..., whenever, wherever, however 等等。
(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。
①Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.
即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。
②Whatever you do, do it well.
不管你做什么，把它做好。
③However hot it is, he won't take off his hat.
不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。
④Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.
尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。

　(2007·浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable.
A．as if　　　　　　　　　B．now that
C．even though D．so that
解析：even though＝even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句。
答案：C

2．Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。
(2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。
①Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer.
信不信由你，他拒绝接受我们的帮助。
②There is no such street in the city.
这城市没有那样的街道。
③He said he didn't have time or made some such excuse.
他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口。

　(2009·安徽)I’m amazed to hear from my school teacher again. ______， it is ten years since we met last.
A．In a word B．What’s more
C．That’s to say D．Believe it or not
解析：句意：想不到又一次收到学校老师的来信，信不信由你，我们上次见面还是在十年前。in a word总之；what’s more而且；that’s to say也就是说；believe it or not信不信由你
答案：D

易 错 点 拨
自我完善·误区备考
1. recognize/realize/know
(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。
(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。
(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解。
(1)Only after you lose your health will you ____________ the importance of health.
(2)I've ________________ Tom for years.
(3)I ________ him as soon as he came into the room.
realize
known
recognized

2. such as/for example/that is/and so on
(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。
(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。
(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。
(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用．..and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。
　(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, ____________， Chinese, maths, English and P．E.
(2)Overcooking, ____________， destroys many nutrients.
(3)He can speak some other languages, ____________ French and German.
(4)There are some books, pens, erasers ____________ in my bag.
that is
for example
such as
and so on

3. with的复合结构
　(1)—Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down
A．filled B．filling
C．to fill D．being filled
解析：with复合结构中，work和fill是主动关系，且表示正在进行，因此其后要用doing结构。
答案：B
(2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it.
A．finished B．finishing
C．having finished D．was finished
解析：根据work和finish是被动关系，可以判断出答案。
答案：A
(3)______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A．With B．Besides
C．As for D．Because of
解析：根据句意，此处应采用“with＋宾语＋不定式”。
答案：A
(4)It was cold outside, the boy ran into the room ______ his nose red.
A．to B．on
C．in D．with
解析：这个句子考查with的复合结构的用法，用“with＋名词＋形容词”做状语表示伴随情况。而to、on、in作为介词则没有这种用法，故排除A、B、C，答案为D。句意是：外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。
答案：D

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