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1、 LNG项目组织架构体系（简化） 1. 项目组织架构 项目负责人 商务部 工程管理部 行政部 采购组 财务部 商务谈判 合同管理 预决算 风险控制 投资/成本控制 施工管理 质量管理 HSE管理 文档管理中心 资源管理 2. 项目体系 需建立的体系如下： 体系名称 涵盖内容概述 项目执行计划 涵盖项目执行的所有方面的大的流程阐述，包括项目组织架构 工程施工 质量 HSE 采购 沟通 变更 审评 承包商选择及合同管理 试运行 1.项目施工方案 工艺流程 按具体施工工艺设定节点工期 试运行方案 2.详尽可行的质量控制 HSE管
2、理方案 3.有效的安全 环境 健康管理体系 4.及时 可靠 高效益的采购体系 5.车辆 临时设施等资源的管理调度体系 6.项目控制：项目报告，项目定期报告总结按各方认可的统一的标准化格式定期就工程施工 工程质量HSE管理 潜在的风险因素 后期计划及合理化建议等方面对业主方总结汇报/成本控制/生产性分析/承包商管理/计划及进程控制 承包合同计划 承包商选择方式及条件 合同管理 合同签订方式及涵盖范围/按合同条款履行合同相关方应有责权及对违约条款进行规避或索赔 按合同条款进行工程结算 风险经营计划 PROBABIL
3、ITY IMPACT 5-Very low 4_Low 3-Medium 2-High 1-Very high A-Very high L L M H H B-High L L M H H C-Medium L L M M H D-Low L L L M H E-Very low L L L L M 见附图 成本控制程序 采购组全面负责材料的采购，
4、 HSE管理体系 按国家及行业相关标准予以制定，严格按照所设体系执行，并列入合同条款予以约定 质量管理体系 按国家及行业相关标准予以制定，严格按照所设体系执行，并列入合同条款予以约定 采购体系 透明 标准化 计划性 前瞻性（结合风险控制体系，做好材料采购的前瞻性，合理的平衡资金积压和风险成本） 行政管理体系 文档控制管理程序 对文档出版 识别 传输 修订程序予以规定，标准化
5、 Legend : 行为 文件 决策 风险存在周期性（对风险的进展的认识，新风险的确认，最后结果） 单风险评估（质量/数量） yes 风险识别 发生的可能 no 风险分析表格 风险管理计划 从预防的角度处理危险系数 预防措施 风险图表 风险发展过程 从整体和剩余的经济风险来做决定 风险记录 修订风险管理计划 Page 10 of 10. RISK REGISTER
6、 SAMPLE risk No date logged DESCRIPTI ON IMPACT MITIGATING ACTIONS impact probability Risk manageability ACTION BY DATE COMMENTS CLOSE OUT DATE Risk Category 1 : Socio Political Risk Category 2 : Econ
7、omic Risk Risk Category 3 : Financial and Tax Risk Risk Category 4 : Technological Risk
8、 Risk Category 5 : Contractual Risks RISK REGISTER SAMPLE risk No date logged DESCRIPTION IMPACT MITIGATING ACT
9、IONS impact probability Risk manageability ACTION BY DATE COMMENTS CLOSE OUT DATE Risk Category 6 : Organizational Risk Risk Category 7 : Suppliers Risk
10、 Risk Category 8 : Human Risk Risk Category 9: Environmental Risk Risk Category10 : Health and Safety Risk
11、 风险分析表 SOCIO-POLITICAL RISKS - Stability of the regime - Local opposition – social climate, reaction of neighbouring populations, personnel and media - Country classification by COFACE (and other organ
12、isms) - Current utilization of the land - Difficulty in obtaining necessary administrative authorizations - Respect of the regulation and administration rules ECONOMIC RISKS - Change in price - Change in salaries - Inflation - Change in price of raw materials, components, subcontracting - R
13、ate of exchange FINANCIAL AND TAX RISKS - Possibility of obtaining insurance on loans - Currency convertibility - Local taxes - International arbitration possibility - Type of bank guarantees used - Treasury, cash flow - Late payments by customer - Changes in tax system - Changes in legisl
14、ation TECHNOLOGICAL RISKS - Level of performance required - Technology under control or under development - Appealing alternatives, but insufficiently studied - Specialists within or outside the Company - Unavailability of the environment needed for the tests (network, customer, etc.) CONTRAC
15、TUAL RISKS · With the customer : - Cancellation clauses, acts of God, arbitration - Limit of liquidated damages - Enforcement of penalties for delays or non performance - Accuracy of scope of work - Type and duration of technical guarantees - Reliability and precision of services provided by
16、the customer - Difficulty in obtaining customer approval for acceptance test · With partners : - Compatibility of structural organizations - Well defined services - Clear duties of the leader accepted by the others - Technical and financial reliability of the joint venture parties · With sub
17、contractors : - Subcontractor imposed by the customer - Technical and financial reliability - Degree of control ORGANIZATIONAL RISKS - Schedule compatible with current work load - Realistic schedule - Interfaces (number, complexity) - Compatibility of production, shipping, local transport a
18、nd assembly schedules - Complexity of customer procedures - Efficiency of the local administration - Degree of control over the schedule COMMERCIAL RISKS - Knowledge about the customer (staff, procedures, type of relation) - Usual means of payment and time frames - Presence of a monopoly for
19、supply of heavy equipment SUPPLIER RISKS - Constraints in the choice of suppliers - Acceptance of too low a sales price - Problems with transport and storage of components to the site - Cost of supplies out of hand - Supply times out of hand - Defective supplier quality - Supplier failure H
20、UMAN RISKS - Lack of resources - Qualifications not available on site - Low amount of supervision - Departures of key employees (loss of know-how) - Residence permits, work permits - Attitude toward foreigners, legal aid - Riots or labor unrest ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS - Climate, rain, floods -
21、 Geography (site access) - Reliability of weather forecasts - Effects of variations in temperature and rain fall - Environmental legislation - Type and volume of probable refuse for the project - Site geology - Spills to environment - Emission to environment - Waste discharges HEALTH AND SA
22、FETY RISKS - Illness, accidents - Control of site access - Inadequate or non-existent procedures - Lack of protections (integrated, collectives or individuals) - Employees transfer - Diseases, - Temperature exposure - Hygiene - Medical service - Injuries REPUTATION RISKS - Lack of qualified resources - Neglect of standards - General bad performance - Lack of proactive actions which can be identified with inexperience - Unauthorised deviations - Failure to keep good relationship with local governement body
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