living---as--turn-分别用法.doc

这四个词都可以作形容词，但用法不一样。
（1）alive是表语形容词，作“活着的”，“在世的”解，它既可以修饰人也可以修饰物。如：
They were alive and as happy as ever.他们都还活着，并且跟以前一样快活。
The tiger is still alive.那只老虎仍然活着。
（2）alive作定语时，应将其放在被修饰的名词后面。如：
All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive.所有的同志都阵亡了，他是惟一的幸存者。
（3）有时alive可用用作主语的补语。如：The fish were caught alive.这些鱼被活捉。
（4）living意为“活着的”，主要用作定语，常置于名词之前，有时也可置于名词之后。也可用作表语。如：Every living person has a name.每一个活着的人都有一个名字。No man living could do better.当代人没有一个能活得比这更好。（当代无人可比）。
Is Mrs. Smith still living?史密斯太太还在世吗？
（5）the living表示“活着的人”。如：The living are more important to us than the dead.（6）live读作[laiv ]，意为“活着的”，可以作定语，放在所修饰的名词之前，一般不用来修饰人。如：The cat was playing with a live mouse.。（7）live还可以作“现场播出的”解。如：It’ll be the biggest live concert the world has ever seen.
（8）live还可用作动词，读作[liv]，意为“生活”、“生存”。如：Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.（9）lively（读作[laivi]，意为“生动的”、“活泼的”，“充满生气的”，用作表语或定语，可以用来修饰人或物。如：
lively（读作[laivli]），意为“生动的”，“活泼的”，“充满生气的”，用作表语或定语，可以用来修饰人或物。如：
The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games.The boy has a lively mind.

as……as
AS +adj(原级)+AS
AS +adv(原级)+AS
as soon as 一……就
as soon as possible 尽可能快地
as early as possible 尽可能早的
as carefully as you can 尽可能认真地
as careful as you can 尽可能认真的
（一）、 as作连词的用法:
1.作“在-------期间，当----的时候”引导时间状语从句.注意与when、 while的用法区别。
①下列情形时,只用as, 而不用when或while。
1)用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指一边----一边. 如:
The girl sings as she goes to school.
He looked behind occasionally as he went forward in the forest.
2)表示两个同步发生的动作或行?意思是随着-----的发展.如:
As time went on / by, she became more and more beautiful .
As children get older, they become more and more interested in everything.
3)表示两个短暂行为或事情几乎同时发生.如:I watched her as she read the book.
I thought of it just as you opened your mouth.
Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.
4)接在名词后面表示某一个年龄段时.如:
As a young man, he was active in sports.
②when作"当……的时候"解,可以指较短的(一点)时间,也可指一段时间。如:When I was at college, I could speak several foreign languages. When the clock struck twelve, I had slept for 2hours.
③ while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生。如:Work while you work. Play while you play.
2. As =Since 作"既然"、"由于"解,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。如: As he’s been ill for ages, I will help him.
As / Since you're not feeling well, you may stay at home.
As he wasn't ready , we went without him.
3. As =in the way that作"像"、"按照……的方式"解,引导方式状语从句。如:
Do as I told you.
Remember, you must do everything as I do.
4. 用于as--- as或not / so/ as ---- as中,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。如:They helped the old as much as possible.
I don't speak English so/ as well as she does.
5. 表示虽然,尽管 等,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序,模式为:
adj. /adv. / n.+as +主语+谓语+主句。如: Young as he is, he knows much.
Tired as they were, they walked on.
6. 表示也------一样。 She is a doctor, as was her husband.
（二）、 as作关系代词,引导定语从句,表示正如,这一点.如:
He is very careful, as we all know.
As is well-known, Taiwan belongs to China.
另外,当先行词被the same, such等词修饰时,常用as来引导定语从句。如:
Such a clever girl as she can learn anything quickly.
I was reading the same book as he bought yesterday.
（三）、as作介词的用法.
1.表示好像。如:He dressed as a policeman.
2. 表示作为当作。如：I found a job as a guide.
3. 当某人是某身份时。如：As a child , she was sent to abroad.
4. as引导的介词短语大多用作状语,as译为"作为";少数情况可引起宾语补足语。如:
As a Party member, I'll take the lead in everything. (状语)
She works as a model. (状语)
She has me as one of her best friends.(引起宾语补足语)
（四）、作副词的用法 1 表示与------等同。如：This dress is twice as expensive as that one. 2 像，如等。如：As before, he remained unmoved.
总之，通过以上的分析，我们对as的词性和用法有了比较全面的理解和把握，才能在实际的运用中做到心中有数，应付裕如。

become, come, go, get, grow, turn的语法特点与区别
这几个词用作连系动词均可表示变化，使用时注意以下几点：
1. become 和get主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化：
become [get] angry, famous, fat, ill, old, well, deaf, strong, etc 生气，成名，发胖，得病，变老，痊愈，变聋，变强，等
另外，become 和 get 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势：
It’s becoming [getting] cold (dark, cloudy, etc). 天渐冷了(黑了，多云了等)。
Divorce is becoming [getting] more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。
3. grow 主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程：
It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。
The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。
The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日见严峻。
become，get，go，grow，turn它们虽然都表示“(从一种状态)变成另一种状态”，但与其相关的搭配却有差别。若不注意，在使用时就会出错。
1.形容词在这类系动词后面作表语
go和come相比，“go+形容词”多表示“(从好的状态)变成坏的状态”， go bald (deaf, insane, etc) 发秃，变聋，发疯等。
The meat’s gone off (gone bad). 肉变味(变坏)了。
The radio’s gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。
Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。
Everything came right. 一切顺利。
另外，go还可用于人或事物颜色的变色，与turn用法相同：
She went [turned] blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。
The rotten meat went [turned] green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。

【注】① 但是 go 一般不与 old, tired, ill 等连用，遇此情况要用其他连系动词：grow [get] old 变老，fall [become] ill (sick) 生病，get [feel] tired 疲劳

② go后接形容词通常表示的结果(见上例)，在个别搭配中也表示现状：go hungry 挨饿，go naked 光着身子
③ come 除表示向好的方面变化外，还有以下常见搭配值得注意：come untied 解开，come loose 变松，come undone 松开
e.g.(1)In hot weather，meat goes bad.
热天，肉会变坏。
系动词go后面的表语为mad，crazy，blind，lame或表示颜色的形容词时，go前面的主语一般为人。
e.g.(1)He went mad last year.
去年他疯了。
(2)Hearing this，she went red.
听到这个，她脸红了。
2.系动词grow后面可以接表示人或物的特征的静态形容词作表语，也可以接表示天气的形容词作表语。它侧重于“逐渐变成某种状态”。
e.g.(1)The girl grew thinner and thinner.
这个女孩越来越瘦了。
(2)Soon the sky grew dark. 天很快变黑了。
3.系动词turn后面多接表示颜色的形容词作表语，也可以接表示天气的形容词作表语。意思上侧重于“变得与以前完全不同”。
e.g.The man turned blue with fear. 那个男人因害怕而脸发青。
The weather suddenly turned much colder. 天气突然变得冷多了。
4.“get+形容词”多用在口语中。get能替代become，但become较为正式。get与become前面的主语既可以是人也可以是物。
e.g.He became/got angry with his son. 他生他儿子的气。
His coat has become/got badly torn. 他的外套已经非常破了。
get经常与形容词的比较级连用。
e.g.The days are getting longer and longer after the winter solstice. 冬至过后，天变得越来越长。
注意：系动词become一般不可用来表示“将来变得……”的意思。
5系动词become，turn，get，go，后面能跟名词作表语，其他的“变成”类系动词后面不能跟名词作表语。
e.g.His dream has become a reality. 他的梦想变成了现实。
He has turned scientist. 他成了科学家。
Her cheeks went a very pretty pink. 她的脸颊变得绯红。
注意：在turn后面作表语用的名词前通常不带冠词。往往表示意想不到的变化
He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college. 他从医学院毕业后当了作家。(比较：He became a writer after graduating from college.)
Till是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而在那个时刻之后，该事情或状况仍将持续。

Until是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而讲话的人在自己心里认为，在那个时刻之后，该事情或该状况将中止（不怎么可能持续）。

用在一些固定组合里的时候，till/until是不能替换的，from morning till night就是一例。这也是它们的一种区别。

还有till就没有not……在前面的形式，而until就有not……until形式。

till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性：until是till的强调形式，但是它们表达的意义是相同的，都表示"直到某时"。不过，当主句是否定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时）（某动作）才（发生）" ，这时候常会出现"not until …"的结构，如果将 "not until …"的结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。例如：
He didn't go to sleep until 12 last night .
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
They didn't realize their fault till we pointed it out to them .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
但是，当主句是肯定句时，它引出的意思是"直到（某时某动作停止了）" 。例如：
The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom .
直到老师走进教室学生们才停止了大声喧哗。
The young couple were very happy until they used up all their money .
那对年青夫妇直到花光了所有的钱才沮丧起来。
另外，until 可以放在句首而till则不行。我们可以说：Until they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .我们却不可以说：Till they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .
1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？ --- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1）Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2) It is not until… that…