四级听力常考句式.docx

四级听力常考句式
听力内容除了听力材料中无法预知的具体信息外，有一些是听力中常见的表达方式，了解这些表达方式有助于考生更好地理解材料和答题。
一、情感表达。
西方人善于表达情感，喜形于色，怒现于容。关于情感的表达方式可谓多彩多样，十分丰富。
1. 喜。喜就是乐，高兴，人们在高兴时常常会表达自己对事物的满意、赞赏等，主要的表达方式有It's great!/ Good!/ Well done!/ How exciting!/ Wonderful!/ I'm pleased./ That's satisfying./ How nice!/ What a fantastic thing!/ I can't help singing!/ Cheers!/ God bless us! 诸如此类的感叹句都可以表示“喜”。
2. 怒。怒通常表示不满和责备，主要表达方式有 What a bad thing!/ How can you do this!/ You shouldn't have done such a thing./ Why didn't you think of a better way?/ I hate you!/ I'm very disappointed./ I'm not satisfied./ I'm angry!/ How disappointing!/ I feel awful about all these./ What a shame!/ I couldn't imagine …!/ How can I believe…?/ You are such a fool!/ Nonsense!/ What a mess!/ I can't bear it any more!/ I'm fed up!/ You are stupid!等等
3. 哀。哀即是悲伤，为自己悲伤属于个人情感，为别人悲伤常含有同情的意味，主要表达方式有 How sad!/ How miserable!/ What a pity!/ I'm sorry to hear that./ I feel sad today./ I feel awful about it./ I can't help crying./ I hope this had never happened.
   看下面的对话，体会以上表达方式。
   A：Yesterday I was fired, my back went bankrupt, my wife went away and my dog died.
   B：Well, what else can I say?  ［D］
   What does B mean?
   ［A］A deserves these.
   ［B］A is out of Luck.
   ［C］A should not tell him all these.
   ［D］He is sorry to hear that, but cannot give any advice.
4. 歉意和原谅
   道歉和适当的原谅也是一种礼貌行为，通常用“Sorry.”和“Excuse me.”就可以了，比较正式的场合或对不熟悉的人可以用以下表达方式：I apologize for…/ Please accept my apology./ I am awfully sorry./ I am to blame for …/ It's my fault for …/ I shouldn't have…/Please forgive me./ Please excuse me for…/ I beg your pardon./ I wish I didn't…/ If only I had …?/ Show mercy on me! 表示原谅可以说 Don't think of it any more./ I forgive you./ That's nothing important./ Don't bother about it./ Don't worry./ It's not your fault./ Just take it as a lesson./ Take it easy./ It's not you to blame./ Well, no one is perfect./ I accept your apology./ Let's forget it.
6. 疑虑和确定
   疑虑是一种不确定的表达方法，通常可以用I'm not sure about…/ I doubt that…/I suspect that…/ I'm worried about…/ I'm anxious about…/ It is a question that …/ I feel uncertain about…等等，其中需要注意的是“I doubt that…”和“I suspect that…”前者常常否定that从句的内容，表示不太相信；而后者常常肯定that从句的内容，表示认为有这个可能。
   表示确定的表达方式主要有I’m sure that…/I have no doubt about…/I feel certain that…/I'm not worried about…/It's out of question that…/I insist that…/I hold the notion that…/I stick to…等等。
   看下面的对话，体会以上表达方式：
   A：Who might be the thief? Joe? B：I suspect that. What does B mean?  ［A］
   ［A］He thinks Joe is the thief. ［B］He doesn't think Joe is the thief.
   ［C］He doubt that Joe is the thief. ［D］He has no idea whether Joe is the thief or not.
二 中断语
   谈话中，有时往往需要中断谈话正题，以达到某种目的，如重复、插话、改变措辞等。
   询问对方是否需要,重要的表达方式主要有：Can you follow me?/ Do I make myself clear?/ Do I need to repeat?/ Do you see what I mean?
   请求对方重复的表达方式主要有：Pardon?/ Can you repeat it?/ Could you repeat it?/ Pardon me./ I beg your pardon.
   请求插话的表达方式主要有：Excuse me, can I say a word?/ Excuse me, but I think…/ Excuse me, did you say…
   改变措词的表达方式主要有：What I mean is…/ Let me rephrase that…/ Let me put this another way./ Perhaps I am not making myself clear. I mean that…
三 赞同与不赞同
谈话中常常要表达自己的意见、立场等，考试中有时会让你判断某人的态度，所以赞同与不赞同的表达方式也是考虑中的重点。
   表示完全赞同的表达方式主要有：I'm not sure I agree with you./ I'm afraid I don't agree./ I'm afraid I disagree./ I'm afraid I can't agree with you./ I'm afraid I don't share your opinion./ I don't agree at all./ I totally disagree./ I couldn't agree with you less.
   看下面的谈话，体会以上表达方式。
   A：Joe and I argued on this subject for a whole day.
   B：Really, I thought you and Joe both agree on this subject.
   Question what does B mean?   ［C］
   ［A］the speaker (A) shouldn't change his opinion.
   ［B］the speaker (A) agrees on this subject.
   ［C］Joe agrees on this subject.
   ［D］the speaker (B) agrees on this subject.
四 打比方和作比较
   对待二类事物，一是观察其相同点，作比喻，二是观察其不同点，作比较。第一种即比喻的表达方式有…look like…/ such…like…/ A is compared to B/ …as…/ A matches B等等。表示比较表达方式有A is better than B./ I prefer A to B/ compare A with B./ as…as…/ be superior to/ be inferior to/ contrast…with… 以及比较级、最高级的应用，其中需要注意的是比较级、最高级的特殊用法，如二者之间的比较级表示最高级，比较级的否定式表示最高级的情况。
   看下面的对话，体会以上表达方式。
   A. How is my suggestion? Do you agree?
   B. I can't agree more.
   What does B mean?   ［C］
   ［A］He doesn't agree at all.［B］He agrees partly.［C］He totally agree.［D］He isn't sure about it.
五、时空关系
   时间、地点的表达方式也是听力考试的一个热点，尤其是时间关系常常考到。表示时间、地点的表达方式多种多样，需要认真对待。
1. 时间关系
   (1)单纯表示时间、钟点的表达方式按类可以分为以下几种：
   ①at seven o'clock/ at seven twenty/ at seven o'clock sharp
   ②twenty past seven/ twenty to seven/ half past seven/ seven and a half
   ③in the morning / at noon/ in the afternoon/ in the evening/ at night/ at mid night
   这时要注意时刻表是24小时制还是12小时制。一般后面带有a.m.和p.m.是12时小制，而无则一般是24小时制。
   (2)表示时间的词可以用at和when，表示时间段的词有when, while, for, since, from…to…, from…on, until(till), before, after等等。特别其中要注意时间段的先后，了解事件发生的先后顺序，如在下句中，I didn't go out to play until I had finished my homework，做功课在前，玩在后。
   (3)表示频率、次数的方式有 every day/ each day/ every other day/ every three days,以此类推。
   (4)表示“同时”可以用when/ while/ meanwhile/ at the same time/ at mean time/at one time等等。
2空间关系
   空间关系主要包括方位和方向，主要表达方式有 before/ in front of/ at the back of/ behind/ (up) on/ above/ below/ down/ in/ in the center of/ to the south of/ turn right/ straight forward等等，尤其在问路的对话中最常用到看下面的对话，体会以上表达方式
   A：Hi, are you free next Friday?
   B：Let me see. I'm afraid I have to prepare for the conference opening the next day.
   A：Really? Where will it be held?
   B：In the Main Hall.
   A：The one in front of the main building?
   B：Yes. Will you come?
   1. When will the conference be open?   ［C］
   ［A］next Thursday      ［B］next Friday［C］next Saturday      ［D］next Sunday
   2. Where will the conference be held?   ［A］
［A］      In the Main Hall.［B］In front of the Main Hall.［C］In the main building.［D］In front of the main building.