有关高考英语考试的复习和建议市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,相关高考英语考试复习和提议,听力、阅读和改错部分,1/198,考试纲领一些改变,删除了“英语考试是按照标准化要求设计”这一命题要求,“考试内容和形式”改为“考试内容和要求”,删除了“试卷由第一卷和第二卷两部分组成。第一卷包含第一、二、三部分，为客观题时间。第二卷即第四部分，为主观题。”,增加了对听力能力考查详细要求,增加了对阅读能力考查详细要求,考试形式与试卷结构改变,（1）考试时间和分值未变（120、150分）,（2）题型：与去年相比，此考试说明比较含糊，只有一句话：“试卷普通包含多项选择、多项选择完型填空题、填空题、短文改错和写作题型”，对各题型题量及分值均未作说明。说明各省及全国卷命制可能有较大空间。,（3）题型实例：“说明”未给出整套样题，只给出了“题型示例”，从“示例”来看，题型改变较大，分成五个大题：一、多项选择题（包含听力、语法和词汇知识、阅读了解）；二、多项选择式完型填空题；三、填空题（此为新加题型，依据一段短文完成题目，为非选择题）；四、短文改错；五、写作题。各题型题量和分值在“示例”中没有表达。,（4）总体看有两点大改变：一是未作一、二卷划分；二是增加了填空题。,附录中“词汇表”换成了“语法项目表”，列出了所要考查语法项目（共12个大类）,2/198,第 一 讲,听力了解测试题特点和应试技巧,3/198,特点:,瞬时效应,信息效应,心理效应,4/198,命题特点：,短对话部分是日常生活中普通对话，即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习等话题，可分为校园、公共场所、家庭等方面。,长对话和独白部分材料普通题材熟悉,情节不太复杂。短文主要考查考生对文章大意、中心思想、主要细节了解与领会，以及依据所获取相关信息，对文中一些细节作出联想、判断，也有就短文中某一事实和人物进行提问题目。,5/198,纲领相关听力考查详细要求：,了解主旨要义；,获取事实性详细信息；,对所听内容作出简单推断；,理讲解话者意图、观点或态度。,6/198,训练关键点:,镇静自若,从容应战,快速浏览,果断预测,明辨时间,把握数据,确定选项,搞清时态,捕捉暗示,巧断地点,7/198,提升听力应试技巧:,平时训练最主要,加强技巧指导,自我安定,做好准备,弃前保后,弃小保大,随听随记,把握信息,点面结合,联想互补,针对性强化训练,适当模拟测试,8/198,听力技巧,听力技巧包含听前、听中和听后准备，实施过程和对应预测、记忆以及综合判断能力。,听前预测是指从所给文字材料和答案选项等线索中发觉一些背景信息，力争缩小谈话者话题，它能帮助考生搞清所听内容类型和结构甚至主题。考生听时候可防止过分重视每个单词从而影响对全篇中心思想了解。考生应抢时间阅读试卷上选项，争取主动，方便在听音时有针对性。也就是说经过阅读选项我们能够推测听力材料可能包括到什么题材和它内容。,9/198,听过程中要强化记忆，对所听内容进行联想，并对所听到内容进行适当加工，对整体和细节不可偏废。,听完后必须对所听到内容进行分析、综合、推理、判断，挑选和问题相关信息，放弃无用。,10/198,问题类型,、问详细内容,(what),1）问是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类等，如：,What is the mans answer?What does the woman want for lunch?What are they talking about?What kind of books does the man want to borrow?,11/198,）问做什么，如：,What does the woman tell the man to do first?What are the speakers doing now?What will happen if John fails the exam?,）问什么含义，如：,What does the man mean(imply)?What does the womans answer suggest?,12/198,4）问从对话中能取得什么信息或结论，如：,What can we learn from the conversation?What can be concluded from this conversation?,）问对某人或某事有什么看法，如：,What does the man think of Miss Brown?What does the woman think of the plan?,13/198,、问“对话可能是在什么场所发生”(where),如：,Where does this conversation most probably take place?Where does this conversation most likely occur?Where are the man and woman?,14/198,、问什么时间(when)：,）问钟点，如：,M:What time did yesterdays football match start?W:It was supposed to start at a quarter to 7,but it was delayed an hour.Q:When did the game finally start?,15/198,）问在哪个星期或星期几，如：,W:I thought to go to town now.I have some shopping to do.M:Dont spend too much,I wont get paid until next week.Q:When will he be paid?,）问日期，如：,When will the winter vacation begin?,16/198,、问原因，问目标(why),如：,Why is the man late?Why did the man repair the car by himself?,、问对话者某一方身份、对话人之间关系或对话中包括到其它人情况(who)，如：,W:May I help you,Sir?M:I hope so.Its my watch.I brought it in to be repaired,but Ive lost the receipt.Q:Who is the man?,17/198,、问做事方式和感受(how)：,）问做某事方式、方法或使用交通工具，如：,How did the teacher usually begin his class?How does the man usually go to work?,）问对某事感受怎样，如：,How does the man feel about the movie?How do you like the film?,18/198,、问“多少”，属于包括数字题，可能有以下几个形式(how many/much)：,How many persons.?How many dozens of.does.want?How much does.?How old is.?How long does it take.to.?,19/198,按内容分类,、时间类：包含直接型和计算型。如：,W:Your library books are due on December 13th.If you have not finished using them by then,you may renew them once.,M:Thank you very much.I only need them for a few days.Q:When must the man return his books to the library?,20/198,、数字类：包含直接型和计算型。如：,W:Do you live in a college dormitory?M:Yes,I do.Its a six-man suite,but at the moment only four of us live there.Q:How many people share the suite now?,、地点类：包含直接型和含蓄型。如：,M:I need to cash this check?W:Will you step right over to the tellers window,please?Q:Where is the conversation most probably taking place?,21/198,、否定类：,这类对话既能够含有not,no,neither,nor等否定词，也有 but,although等转折词，或由would rather,too.to结构及虚拟语气等表示。所以，对于后者要尤其加以注意。如：M:Ann,do you have any extra money you could loan me?W:I wish I could help you.I went shopping yesterday.Now I have only two dollars till the end of the week.Q:Will the man borrow any money from the woman?此题答案必定是No。听这段话时要抓住I wish I could help you.这一关键话语。这句话即使从表面上看是必定式，但却隐含着Im sorry I cant help you.意思。,22/198,、,人物类：,包含人物关系、人物身份两类。这类对话提供一个情节，能反应所包括人关系或身份。如：,M:Good evening,Madam.There is a table for two over there.This way,please.W:Thank you.Could I see the menu,please?Q:Whats the relationship between the man and woman?A)Husband and wife.B)Waiter and customer.C)Salesman and customer.D)Host and guest.,23/198,、活动类：,这一类谈话内容可包括上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种情况。如：,W:Are you going to New York next weekend?M:Yes,Im going to look up Bill while Im there.Q:Whats the man going to do?,这类对话中往往先后出现几个情况，要注意听问句是什么，然后再作出选择。,24/198,近年高考英语阅读了解题,特点、试题走向和类型分析,第 二 讲,25/198,英语阅读了解作为考查和测试学生英语综合利用能力一个主要形式,在高考中有着非常主要地位.高考阅读命题总趋势是,能力至上,素质第一。,英语阅读属跨文化交际活动,除语言原因外,它还受到中西文化差异影响。,26/198,一、内容、特点和试题走向,27/198,1,、命题主旨,高考阅读了解题主要考查考生在单位时间内快速阅读英语短文，了解短文主题思想，抓住短文中所包含信息（事实、细节等），并经过短文提供材料进行分析、推理、判断，把握上下文事实、细节之间时空次序、逻辑联络及作者意图、态度、观念和文章寓意能力。,28/198,2、考查内容,1）快速阅读能力。,2）把握文脉，理顺结构，抓文章深层含义,能力。,3）是否含有较大词汇量和丰富文化背景,知识。是否了解当今说英语国家公共生活，,科技教育等方面社会知识等。,4）是否含有良好解题技巧等。,29/198,七个方面,：,1）文章话题,2）文章中心思想,3）文章细节,4）文章结构,5）文章寓意,6词义、寓意猜测,7）逻辑推理、判断,30/198,七种题型,:,两大类型：,1、表层了解题,2、深层了解题,1）plain facts（显著事实）,2）main idea (中心思想),3）inference（推断判断）,4）tones and mood(语气和心情),5）sequence（时空次序）,6）maps and charts（图表和图示）,7）evaluation(评价判断),31/198,1、表层了解题,(客观信息题）,a).认定事实试题,比如：,1）,According to the passage,which of,the following is(not)true?,2）Which of the following shows the right,order of the story?,3）Which of the following statements is,true according to the text?,4）Which of the four pictures below is,closest to as mentioned in the text?,5)When/where/what/why/how/which is?等,32/198,b).猜测词义、句意、片断意义,比如：,1）,Which of the following can be used in place of？,2）The underlined word means/refers to .,3）When the writer says,he refers to the fact that 等,33/198,2.深层了解题（主观判断题）,深层了解题即主观判断题。这类试题要求考生在了解短文客观细节基础上，经过合理判断、推理归纳等方法，从文章字里行间挖掘出短文中所包含潜在深层含义。即经过已知信息推知未知信息。常见测试形式有,要求考生推断文章主旨大意、作者倾向观念等,。这类题目是阅读测试中难点，而且占百分比很大，考生经常在这类测试题中失分。,34/198,这类试题普通有以下几个设问方式,:,1)文章大意,1）What is the main idea of this passage?,2)The writer holds that_.,3)What is the best title of the passage?,4)What does the passage mainly discuss?,5)The topic of the passage is_.,35/198,(2)作者观点及态度,1,）What is the writers opinion?,2)The writer argues that_.,3)Whats the authors attitude?4)The purpose in writing this text is_.,36/198,(3)推论、结论及隐含之意,1）It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that_.,2)We can infer/conclude/draw from the passage that_.,3)It is implied in the passage that_.,4)“”are used in the text to refer to_.,37/198,干扰项干扰性：,1）脱离原文,2）以偏概全,3）扩缩范围,4）偷换概念,5）正误并存,所以，要耐心读完全部选项，按“误否？虚否？偏否？”三个程序来判别每个选项。,38/198,3、题材及体裁,高考英语试题阅读了解题题材、体裁保持一贯格调，既重视多样化、生活化、交际化，又表达实用性、时效性、知识性、媒介性和服务性等主要特征。包括了社会文化、能源交通、人生观、日常生活、新闻报导等各个方面。历年高考题材中还包括到科普知识、天文地理、人物传记、风土人情、广告宣传、体育赛事、历史文化等各个方面。体裁有记叙文、描述文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。下面让我们一起往返顾一下近几年高考情况:,39/198,表1：高考英语阅读了解考查情况,篇 次,题 材,包括领域,体裁,A,纽约历史上最大一次停电事故,社会生活,新闻报导,B,作者生活中一件趣事,日常生活,记叙文,C,怎样作出决定,生活哲理,议论文,D,想象未来服务于现在与未来利益,社会科学,议论文,E,高层建筑垃圾再循环系统,人类与环境,说明文,40/198,表2：高考英语阅读了解考查情况,篇 次,题 材,包括领域,体裁,A,B,C,D,E,上海出租车行业发展,一个新度假方式雪屋生存体验,绿色消费与环境保护,影响英语语言发展最大人,男性情谊与女性情谊,社会生活,社会生活,人与环境,语言文化,社会科学,新闻报导,记叙文,议论文,议论文,议论文,41/198,表3：高考英语阅读了解题考查情况,篇次,题材,包括领域,体裁,A,发展地下设施,科幻与科技,议论文,B,绿色食品和潜在商机,社会生活,新闻报导,C,影视文化信息,娱乐休闲,广告,D,当代寻宝,社会生活,议论文,E,生日礼篮，排忧解难,社会生活,广告,42/198,表4：高考英语阅读了解题考查情况,篇次,题材,包括领域,体裁,A,岛屿介绍,地理与历史,说 明 文,B,一项特殊阅读项目,社会文化,新闻报道,C,新书介绍,社会文化,广 告,D,外来词日本另一舶来品,社会文化,议 论 文,E,网络革命和环境,科技和环境,议 论 文,43/198,表5：浙江省英语试卷阅读了解题考查情况,篇次,题材,包括领域,体裁,A,旧金山不眠之夜和我城市观,当代人心理,记叙文,B,“绿色”建筑和环境保护人与环境,议论文,C,纽约市景点相关信息,旅游信息,广告,D,手工艺消亡了吗,科技与传统工艺,议论文,E,一次长跑及其启示,社会生活,记叙文,44/198,4、高考英语阅读试题四大特点,1）重速度,表5：近五年阅读总词汇量和读速要求,1363,632,1995,35,57,1327,582,1909,35,54.5,年份,短文词数,1483,1355,选项词数,650,697,681,累计,考试说明时间分配,读速（W/pm,),2140,2174,2036,35,35,35,61.1,62.1,58.2,1597,45/198,2,）重语篇，重能力,表6：高考英语阅读了解题考点分布情况,4,7,5,4,0,3,8,7,2,0,3,9,4,4,0,年份,主旨大意,事实细节,推断判断,猜测词义,图表,2,3,5,6,11,8,2,2,0,1,46/198,从浙江省高考和全国卷来看,英语阅读了解题信息量加大,对读速要求深入提升。近几年阅读速度一直控制在60wpm左右。,语篇意识加强，设题手法灵活，提问深入，不但要求学生了解文章字面意思，还要求了解文章内在涵义。视觉拓宽，融合智力和素质要求。,3）生词率略有下降，标准上不超出整个语篇3%，且降低汉字注释。命题者着重考查学生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等了解生词能力。,4）既重视从语用学角度考查学生语言知识和语言技能，又重视从心理学角度考查学生学习策略。,从考纲一些改变来看，阅读了解部分设题会更加好兼顾对学生语言知识和语言能力检测。,47/198,5、考生应具备能力,了解主旨要义，,了解作者思想和观点，意图和态度；,了解文中详细信息；,依据上下文推断生词词义，掌握词各种含义知识；,看出作者主要意图和文章基调，做出简单判断和推理；,了解文章基本结构，看出文章叙事或推论过程。,从相关资料中汲取有用东西，对非主要情节或信息一带而过。,依据阅读目标和材料难易程度调整阅读速度和方法。,依据作者描述得出自己结论。,48/198,第 三 讲,阅读了解解题方法与技巧,49/198,阅读目标,了解作者要表示主要思想；,了解文章主要内容和次要内容，并能把他们区分开来；,了解并记住文章中最主要内容；,了解文章结构以及事件发生时间、空间次序；,了解作者观点、意图、写作格调及其偏见等；,用自己阅历和知识对文章进行分析、评价，得出自己体会,；,50/198,我们已明确了高考英语阅读测试题两大题型:,第一大类为客观信息题,，,第二大类为主观判断题。,普通来说，考生在阅读时应该对原文数字、事实、物体以及部分与整体关系、时间关系、地点关系、并列与隶属关系给予注意，从而顺利完成解答客观题。但主观判断题通常不是从原文就能找到答案，必须经过对作者意图、态度以及对整篇文章进行深层推断与分析才能回答。当然，这种思维活动必须建立在以原文所提供事实基础上。而不能“胡思乱想”。,51/198,普通解题方法有两种：,第一个是先读短文再答题,。这是考生惯用按部就班阅读方式。其特点是有利于考生把握文章主旨和作者态度。但速度慢，考生不能在阅读时主动主动地预测文章内容，缺乏主观能动性；,另一个是先看问题后读短文,。其特点是针对性强，节约答题时间，能够用来解答事实性和细节性问题，不过解答主旨性和推断性问题时效果不显著。,当然，是先看题目还是先看文章，这要因人而异，因材而异，无优劣之分。,52/198,应试策略,1:,1、审核标题，抓住中心,2、通读全文，掌握全貌,3、浏览答题，明确要求,4、带着问题，重读短文,仔细研究，逐一解答,5、复读全文，仔细查对53/198,应试策略2：,1、审题，心中有数,2、略读，弄懂大意,3、琢磨，选择答案,4、复读，核试验证,54/198,阅读微技能:,1、了解主题或中心思想,2、了解文章细节,3、猜测词义,4、作出判断,55/198,（一）了解主旨要义,任何一篇文章都会有一个主旨要义，考生要学会找主题句。文章主题句表现，通常有五种形式：,56/198,1、主题句在段首。作者一开头就提出主题句，然后用细节解释，支持或发展主题句表示主 题思想。,如：,（NMETOO）64.The subject discussed,in the text is _.,A.,the process of reaching decisions,B.,the difference between poker and chess,C.,the secret of making good business plans,D.,the value of information in winning games,57/198,该题是考主旨大意，此篇头两句就是文章中心议题：,Decision-thinking is not unlike poker,-it often matters not only what you think,but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think,.,The mental process is similar,.,依据以上主题，我们能够看出这篇文章将要围绕“决议过程”来展开讨论。再通读下文就不难归纳出文章大意是“the process of reaching decisions”,58/198,NMET0359.What is mainly discussed in the text?,Childrens reading difficulties.,Advantages of raising dogs.,Service in a public library.,A special reading program.,短文首句Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills.是文章主题句。文中叙述了美国盐湖城ITA组织认为，因为狗含有闪亮棕色眼睛、摇摆尾巴及无条件爱，它为儿童获取自信心提供了“必要听众”。利用对狗阅读来帮助儿童提升读写能力是一个独特教育方法，故最正确选项为D。,59/198,2、主题句在段尾，作者主要采取了表述细节 在前，概括文章大意在后写作手法。,如：NMET99 B篇主题就在文章最终一句“The computers are becoming people-literate”。即使本文开篇第一段提出了Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become“computer-literate”.But not all experts agree that it is a good idea，但此句还未点出什么是好主意，为下文讨论仅起了铺垫作用。,60/198,NMET0272.The main purpose of writing this text is _.,to share information about party planning,to introduce the joys of a birthday party,to announce a business plan,to sell a service,61/198,短文叙述了孩子生日不再是一件造成困难或带来麻烦事情，能够用一个装满各种有趣物篮子来处理问题。Anaclerio和她朋友Jill Carilsle 提出了一个家庭聚会计划构想，称作“篮子里聚会”。她们制作了家庭聚会袋，里面盛满了祝贺生日活动计划和礼品之类东西。我们再依据短文最终一句For more information,call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.就能够归纳概括出，这篇短文主要目标是用来推销一项服务业务，故最正确答案为D。,62/198,3、主题句在段中。当主题句在段中时，开段 句子往往作为引题，而主题则由随之引出句子来表示。其基本结构为：引题主题解释（细节）。,请看NMET01 E 篇：该篇前三段均用来引题，主题在第四段：Women have more friendships than men and the difference in the content and the quality of those friendships is“marked and unmistakable”其实第四段整段是一个主题段，既解释了迷惑Harold问题，又为下文深入展开讨论作了承接作用。文章后几段均是对主题句深入阐释。,63/198,4、主题句在段首和段尾。作者采取前后呼应，两次点题写作手法。值得注意是表示同一主题思想两个主题句，在句型结构和用词方面往往不尽相同，而且在内容上，后者也不是前者简单重复。,64/198,请看(NMET01)B篇，作者就是采取了两次点题写作手法。文章第一段段首即为主题句：,Holidaymakers who are bored with baking beaches and overheated hotel rooms head for a big igloo.,作者在这儿说明了雪屋在度假者心目中已成热点。为了深入强调igloo旅馆热门，作者在最终一段又一次点题：,The popularity at the igloo is beyond doubt:it is now attracting tourists from all over the world,.,65/198,NMET0259.What would be the best title for the text?,Alice Cities-cities of the future,Space travel with H.G.Wells,Enjoy living underground,Building down,not up,66/198,这是一道主旨大意题。短文首先叙述了H.G.Wells科幻小说中“月球人”问询去月球探险者,为何不利用地球内部空间而到地球外部进行太空旅行,，作者在此其实已借月球人之口引出了主题。我们再依据短文最终一段首句Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space.可判断出，该题主旨是在（地表）下面建设，而不是在上面建设。无疑D项能概括全文大意。,67/198,5、主题暗含在段中。不是全部文段都有主题句。在阅读这类文章时，就需要自己依据文章细节来分析，概括出段落主题，从而推导文章主旨。,68/198,如（NMET99）E篇70:Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about stage schools?,A.He thinks highly of what they have to offer.,B.He favors an early start in the training,performing arts.,C.He feels uncomfortable about children putting,on right shows.,D.He doubts the standard,of ordinary education,they have reached,.,69/198,1）After all，what lively children wouldnt settle for spending only half of the day during ordinary school work and acting,singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?(para.3),2)Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age(para.4),3)So what happens to those who dont make it?(para.5),4)While all the leading schools say they place great,importance on children getting good study results,the facts,seem to suggest this is not always the case(para.5,),70/198,二）,猜测词义，提升词语了解和猜词能力,高考阅读了解题设置一个主要标准就是必须含有一定量生词，而依据上下文猜测词义是提升阅读水平主要路径。考生在应试中碰到一些不认识词，这是正常现象，大可无须惊慌失措，也不要对某个词词义纠缠不清，以致影响对文章继续阅读、阅读速度、阅读质量，从而影响解题效果。所以，怎样经过语言环境和上下文联络，再结合正确方法快速而准确地猜测出生词，对阅读了解和做好考题相当主要。有时，必须将生词撇开，继续阅读下去，可能等到将全文阅读完成，你就会猜出生词词义。另外，考生也能够经过派生、分解、转换、加减前后缀等方法来获取生词词义。,71/198,NMET0262.What is the meaning of“the organic trend”as the words used in the text?,A.growing interest in organic food,B.better quality of organic food,C.rising market fro organic food,D.higher prices of organic food,72/198,该题考查对词组意义正确了解。要求考生做到既了解字面意思，也了解深层含义。依据短文第三段该词组前Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers 及词组后and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.能够推断出，词组“the organic trend”意思是,不停增加对有机食品兴趣,，故答案选A。,73/198,1、同义词猜义,例1 He replied quickly.But after he considered the problem more carefully,he regretted having made such a,hasty,decision.,例2 The old woman had a strange habit.She kept over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbors all called her,eccentric,lady.,74/198,2、反义词猜义,例1（NMET99）57题：We can infer from the text that“computer-literate”means _.,A.,being able to afford a computer,B.,being able to write computer programs,C.,working with the computer and finding,out its value,D.,understanding the computer and knowing,how to use it,75/198,句中computer-literate 是生词，依据下文所提供信息：David does not see it that way.He says that computer town UK was formed for just the opposite reason,to bring computers to people and make them“people-literate”.考生能够断定computer-literate”与“people-literate”相反。,例2 Unlike his brother,who is truly handsome man,John is quite,homely.,76/198,3、定义猜词,例1（上海春季高考B篇）,Have you ever wondered what a Degree might,be worth to you in your job or career?,例2（NMET03)65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word”baffleas it is used in the text?,To encourage people to raise questions.,To cause difficulty in understanding.,To provide a person with an explanation.,To limit peoples imagination.,77/198,这道词义猜测题也属定义猜测。第三篇短文对Fermats Last Theorem 一书介绍中有the theorem had,baffled and beaten,the finest mathematical minds一句，句中