名词性从句高考七大考点.ppt

英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compound sentence)复合句复合句(complex sentence)英语句子概论简单句的五种简单句的五种基本基本句型句型Theweatherisverycold.主语主语+谓语（连系动词）谓语（连系动词）+表语表语Helaughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）IlikeChinesefood.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语Shetaughtthemphysics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语并列句并列句 把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词:平行平行并列连词并列连词:转折转折并列连词：并列连词：因果因果并列连词并列连词:选择选择并列连词并列连词:and,bothand,not only but also,neithernorbut,however,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句名词名词性从句性从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句1.TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom2.Becauseitisraining,wehavetostayathome定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句3.Iknow(that)heisfromAmerica(宾语从句）宾语从句）名词名词性从句性从句-Noun Clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)SubjectClause(主语从句主语从句)AppositiveClause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）ObjectClause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）PredicativeClause（表语从句）（表语从句）Who will win the match is still unknown.I want to know what he has told you.The fact is that we have lost the game.The news that we won the game is exciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句考点归纳名词性从句考点归纳 1.引导词引导词 2.语序问题语序问题 3.时态问题时态问题 4.主谓一致问题主谓一致问题 5.名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 6.it做形式主语、形式宾语的用法做形式主语、形式宾语的用法 7.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别 一、一、that从属连词从属连词that本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。句子成分，只起连接作用。1、宾语从句、宾语从句Lin Tao feels(that)his own team is even better.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.规则一：规则一：1.1.当当宾宾语语从从句句由由连连词词that引引导导，that在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何成成分分，也也没没有有任任何何具具体体意意思思，因因此此在在口口语语或或非非正式文体中正式文体中常省略。常省略。2.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能不能省略：省略：（1）当当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个第二个that不能省；不能省；（2）当当that从句作从句作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用用it做做形式宾语形式宾语的宾语从句的宾语从句,that不可省掉。不可省掉。温馨提示：温馨提示：在在主主句句为为动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所跟跟的的省省略略that的从句也可算是的从句也可算是宾语从句。宾语从句。vIm sorry(that)I dont know.vWere sure(that)our team will win.vIm afraid(that)he wont pass the exam.1._ is certain.（我们将迟到了）（我们将迟到了）2._ is a pity.(你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会)3.My dream is _(我将来有我自己的公司我将来有我自己的公司)4.Ive come from Mr Wang with a message _(他今天下午不能来看你了他今天下午不能来看你了)That we shall be lateThat you missed the chancethat I will have my own companythat he wont be able to see you this afternoon主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句规则二：规则二：当当主主语语从从句句、表表语语从从句句、同同位位语语从从句句由由连连词词that引引导导时时，that在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何成成分分，也也没没有有任任何何具具体意思体意思，但是，但是不可以不可以省略。省略。1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ to go.6._ the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether二、二、whether/if_ he is free now is certain.The problem is _ we can get there on time.He must answer the question _ he agrees to it or not.Whetherwhetherwhether规则：规则：1.宾语从句由连词宾语从句由连词whether或或if引导，表引导，表 “是否是否”，常可互换，不能省略。，常可互换，不能省略。2.if/whether的区别：的区别：1)当有当有or not时就用时就用whether,不用不用if.2)介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.3)whether 可与动词不定式连用，可与动词不定式连用，if 不能。不能。4)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,只能用只能用whether,不能用不能用if.三、三、what1._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.2.He is no longer _ he was.3.A modern city has been set up in _was a wasteland ten years ago.4.After _ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.5.Our income is now double _ it was ten years ago.6.Do you know _ he said just now?Whatwhatwhatwhatwhatwhat规则：规则：what引导名词性从句，除了表示引导名词性从句，除了表示“什么什么”，还可，还可以表示：以表示：表示表示“的东西或事情的东西或事情”；“的人或的样子的人或的样子”（身份或地位）（身份或地位）的地方的地方的时间的时间的数量或数目的数量或数目Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see_ it is.任何最后离开房间的人应该把灯关掉。任何最后离开房间的人应该把灯关掉。_ought to turn off the light.他的问题是哪个学生英语最好。他的问题是哪个学生英语最好。His question is _ at English哪个最喜欢就拿哪个。哪个最喜欢就拿哪个。Take _whoWhoever leaves the room lastwhich student is the bestwhichever you likeCould you show me _ I can reach the station?我们就是这样克服困难的我们就是这样克服困难的.That was _ we overcame the difficulties I have no idea _ he has gone.这就是我不同意的地方这就是我不同意的地方.This is _ I disagree.这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.This is _ she got up so early this morning._ he didnt come is still unknown to us._is under discussion我们什么时候开始开会我们什么时候开始开会Many students say that their time at university is _ they can experience pure love.howhowwherewherewhyWhyWhen well begin the meetingwhen规则：规则：Wh-引导表语从句时，它们通常不含有疑问意引导表语从句时，它们通常不含有疑问意义，而是分别体现具体的地点、时间、原因和义，而是分别体现具体的地点、时间、原因和方式。方式。2.Our physics teacher once told us that light _（travel）faster than sound.travels总结总结归纳：归纳：c.c.主句的动词用主句的动词用一般现在时一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用从句谓语可根据需要选用各种各种时态时态1.He said that he will go to the station.3.Tom says thatMary_(go)abroad last year and _(be)there for nearly 5 months.a.a.主句的动词用主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用过去过去的某种时态的某种时态b.b.主句的动词用主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句表示从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语客观事实，格言，谚语等等 ，从句谓语动词从句谓语动词用用一般现在时一般现在时wenthas beenwould名词性从句的时态名词性从句的时态When the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered_(is/are)still unknown.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般一般用用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由两个形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用用_形式。形式。总结归总结归纳：纳：单数单数复数复数hasWhen they will start and where they will go_(be)still unknown.When and where the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.arehas单数单数名词性从句的主谓一致名词性从句的主谓一致名词性从句名词性从句(主主)的虚拟语气的虚拟语气It is ordered that he _(take)the examination.It is strange that he _(tell)you this.should taketell基本句型基本句型：It is+形容词、名词、过去分词形容词、名词、过去分词+that.+(should)do a.It is important(necessary,natural,strange,advisable etc)+that b.It is a pity(a shame,no wonder etc)+that c.It is suggested(ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted etc)+thatWe suggested that the meeting _(put off)总结总结归纳：归纳：表示表示建议、要求、命令建议、要求、命令,坚持坚持等等动词动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order后的从句谓语动词用后的从句谓语动词用_注意注意suggest当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”之意时，之意时，从句按需要来选择时态从句按需要来选择时态(should)+do/bedoneThesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathe_(was/be/is)satisfiedwithourwork.was名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气be put offa.IwishI_(know)theanswernow.b.Iwishhe_(pass)theexamyesterday.c.IwishI_(fly)tothemooninafewyears.对现在虚拟时对现在虚拟时，that从句中谓语用过去时从句中谓语用过去时对过去虚拟时对过去虚拟时，用用had过去分词过去分词对将来虚拟时对将来虚拟时，用用would(might等等)动词原形动词原形knewhadpassedwouldfly总结归总结归纳：纳：名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气 在在 suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即语气，即_1.His suggestionthatyou_(try)oncemoresoundsreasonable.2.Theordergivenbythecommanderwasthatthey_(notstop)untilthecommanderallowedtheyto.总结总结归纳：归纳：(should)+do/bedone名词性从句（表、同）的虚拟语气名词性从句（表、同）的虚拟语气(should)try(should)notstop名词性从句中名词性从句中it做形式宾语、形式主语做形式宾语、形式主语找出下列句子中的错误找出下列句子中的错误1.I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2.That is hard to decide when and where we will hold our sports meeting.that we spent so much moneyon these books.it形式宾语形式宾语when and where we will hold oursports meeting.It形式主语形式主语总结归总结归纳：纳：当当主主语语从从句句较较长长，而而谓谓语语较较短短时时，常常常常将将从从句句_，而而用用it作作为为形形式式主主语语置置于于句句首首。it 也可作形式也可作形式宾语宾语。后置后置用用it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1)It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2)It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3)It 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4)It be+过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 We think it important that we learn a foreign language.We consider it our duty to clean our classroom every day.该句型中的该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为：作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为：6123结构结构 6 指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1 指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语it；2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或语或that 引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别We expressed the hope that they had expected.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句The question who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered.The question which seems so strange remains to be answered.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句1、同位语从句、同位语从句:说明名词的内容说明名词的内容,wh-表示疑问表示疑问,that不做成分不做成分,不能省略不能省略2、定语从句、定语从句:说明名词的性质特征说明名词的性质特征,wh-不表示疑问。不表示疑问。引导词做句子成分引导词做句子成分,做宾语可以省略做宾语可以省略 判断判断:定语从句定语从句or同位语从句同位语从句1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)(定语从句定语从句)Thank you!Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,as if/as thoughwhen,where,how,why.because表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在放在系动词系动词之后之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem表语从句表语从句Thequestionis_wecanrelyonhim.Thats_wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helooked_hewasgoingtocry.Thats_Iwaslate.whetherbecauseasifwhy1.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.Whether3.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.when appositive Clauses 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。等。Suggestion,suggestorderdemandwish等等2.常用连词：常用连词：that;when,where,why,howe.g.1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.Its the question how he did it.3同位语从句多用that引导，无意义，不可省。2.问题是他如何做这件事的问题是他如何做这件事的4.在在havenoidea之后用之后用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot._WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview._ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline._Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible._ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.1.We expressed the hope that they had expected.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句3.连词连词that在同位语从句中在同位语从句中不可省略不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当而在定语从句中当它充当宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略。区别区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句引导的同位语从句和定语从句：1.引导同位语的连词引导同位语的连词that在句中在句中不作任何句子成分不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句，而在定语从句中，中，that充当的可以是充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语从句的主语或宾语等等2.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名，而定语从句是对前面名词词进行修饰，解释为进行修饰，解释为“.的的”3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句 判断判断:定语从句定语从句or同位语从句同位语从句1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)(定语从句定语从句)1._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.AWhat/becauseBWhat/thatCThat/whatDThat/because2._shecouldntunderstandwas_fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.AWhat/whyBThat/whatCWhat/becauseDWhy/thatBAB3.Heisabsentfromschool.Itis_heisseriouslyill.A.whyB.becauseC.thatD.thereason4_hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.AWhoBTheoneCAnyoneDWhoever5.Informationhasbeenputforward_moregraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.AthatBhowCwhereDwhatDA6-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?AwhyBwhenCwhatDwhere7-Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterdaysgame?-Oh,thats_.AwhatmakesmefeelexcitedBwhateverIfeelexcitedaboutChowIfeelaboutitDwhenIfeelexcitedAA9._fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.AWhatBThatCThisDWhich10.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_hewants.AwhatBwhichCwhenDthat11.Wemadethesuggestionthathe_hiswork.AcontinuesBcontinueCcontinuedDhadcontinuedBAB12.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.Whomever13.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that (05)14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.(05)A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever14.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut.A.and he B.was that he C which he D that he 15._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun.A.Which B.How C.What D.That 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.However B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 16.Shereceivedthemessage_hewouldcomebyplane.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when17.Energyis_makesthingswork.A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that18.Ourcityhaschangedalot,andnowitisquitedifferentfrom_afewyearsago.A.whatitusedtobeB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitusedtobeD.whatwasit19.We all know the truth _ there are air,water and sunlight,there are living things.A.wherever B.where C.that D.that wherever20.The true value of life is not in _,but_.A.how you get;that you give B.which you get;what you give C.what you get;what you give D.what do you get;what do you give21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.ItThe news that Liu Xiang won the 110 hurdlesBrought Chinese great happiness.News,brought Chinese great happiness.LiuXiangthe110hurdlesMakeasentence30the cat domade What the cat did made the baby cry.WhatcryMakeasentence30dont konwwhat dowhere goThe man doesnt know where he should go and what he should do.Makeasentence30talk aboutthe use of cell phone What they are talking about is the use of cell phone.Makeasentence30