2016年考研英语(二)真题.doc

2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take great risks. And a new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too.
Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future.
The researchers wanted to know of the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
7 enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest--- like size, industry and sales--- and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. The like between happiness and investment generally 12 even after according for these things.
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was 15 stronger in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness in equality.
17 this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. “it surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average” said one researcher.

1.[A] where
[B] how
[C] why
[D] when
2. [A] In return
[B] In particular
[C] In contrast
[D] In conclusion
3. [A] sufficient
[B] famous
[C] perfect
[D] necessary
4. [A] individualism
[B] realism
[C] optimism
[D] modernism
5. [A] echo
[B] miss
[C] spoil
[D] change
6. [A] imagined
[B] assumed
[C] measured
[D] invented
7. [A] Sure
[B] Odd
[C] Unfortunate
[D] Often
8. [A] headquartered
[B] advertised
[C] overtaxed
[D] divided
9. [A] overstate
[B] summarize
[C] explain
[D] emphasize
10. [A] factors
[B] stages
[C] levels
[D] methods
11. [A] desirable
[B] reliable
[C] sociable
[D] reputable
12. [A] resumed
[B] held
[C] emerged
[D] broke
13. [A] assign
[B] attribute
[C] transfer
[D] compare
14. [A] serious
[B] experienced
[C] ambitious
[D] civilized
15. [A]thus
[B] instead
[C] also
[D] never
16. [A] rapidly
[B] directly
[C] regularly
[D] equally
17. [A] While
[B] Since
[C] After
[D] Until
18. [A] arrives
[B] jumps
[C] hints
[D] strikes
19. [A] share
[B] simplify
[C] rediscover
[D]shape
20. [A]pray for
[B]give away
[C] send out
[D]lean toward

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C，or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students experience can catch up after a few introductory courses. Said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at camegie Mellon’s school of computer science.
However, Cortina said, every exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science. They learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers-but a tool to build apps, or create artwork or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students . Breaking down problems into bite-sized dunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.
Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less -experienced or –determined students saw the Flatirm school , where people pay to learn programming, students one of the many coding boot camps that’s become popular for audlts looking for a career change .The high –schoolers get the same carriculom,but”we try to gear lesons toward things they’re interested in,”said Victoria Fridman, an instructors. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests maies lasted on your noodll.
The student in the Flatiron class probably won't chop of high school and build the next facebook. Programming Languages have a quick turnover, so the Rugy on Rails’ language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they entern the job market. But the skills they learn-how to thind logically through a program and organize the results-apply to any cochrg language, for the state of North Caroline.
Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into it at all. But creating a future army codors is not the sdo purpose of the classes. These kids are garg to be surrourded by by computers-in the pockets in there officies, in their homes-for the rest of their livesthe younger they learn how computer think, how to coax the machine into produry what the want-the earlier the learn that they have thepower to do that-the better.
21. Corna holds that early exposure to comlator science markets it easier to ______.
A. compete future job training
B. remode the way of thinking
C. for malate logical hypotiieses
D. perfect artwork production
22.In delivering lessons for high-schools, Flatiron has considered their_______.
A. experience
B. academic backgronds
C. career prospects
D. interest.
23.Peborah Seehorn believe that the skills learned that Flation will .
A.help students learn other computer languages
B.have to be up graded when how technologies come
C.need improving when students look for jobs
D.enable students to make big quick money
24.According to the last paragrarh, Flation students are expected to
A.complete with a future army of programmers
B.stay longer in the information technology industry
C.become better prepared for the digitalized world
D.bring fath innovative computer technologies
25.The word “coax”(line 4,para 6) is cloest in meanings
A.challenge B.persuade C.frighten D.misguide

Text 2
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the mid-western and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.
The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western stata governments,which are often uneasy with federal action,and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chieken's habitat.
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67, 000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said.
Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.”The federal government is giving responsibility for managine the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.
26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is _
[A] the insistence of private landowners
[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage
[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists
[D] its drastically decreased population
27. The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it _
[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure
[B] would involve fewer regulatory powers
[C] granted less federal regulatory powers
[D] went against conservation policies
28.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will be prosecuted if they _
[A] agree to pay a sun for compensation
[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat
[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job
[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations
29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is _
[A] the federal government
[B] the wildlife agencies
[C] the landowners
[D] the states
30. Jay Lininger would most likely support _
[A] the plan under challenge
[B] the win-win rhetoric
[C] environmental groups
[D] industry groups

Text 3
That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read.
What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read; “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning —or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “ is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication… It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.
In fact,"becoming more efficient"is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal .Immersive reading,by contrast,depands on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading-useful,sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind."The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,"writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and"we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes)as they pass,for if they get by without being filled,we will have wasted them."No mind-set could be worse for losing yourslef in a book
So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers,” carry a book with you at all times”can actually work,too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On a really good day,it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read”,but just reading,and making time for everything else.
31. The usual time management techniques don’t work because
[A] what they can offerdoes not case the modern mind
[B] what people often forget is carrying a book with them
[C] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading
[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed
32. The”empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to
[A] update their to-do lists
[B] make passing time fulfilling
[C] carry their plans through
[D] pursue carefree reading
33. Fberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps
[A] promote ritualistic reading
[B] encourage the efficiency mind-set
[C] develop online reading habits
[D] achieve immersive reading
34. “Carry a book with you at all times”can work if
[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day
[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with
[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading
[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business
35. The best title for this text could be
[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading
[B] How to Set Reading Goals
[C] How to Find Time to Read
[D] How to Read Extensively

Text 4

Against a backdrop of changes in economy and population structure youngest Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success ,a latest poll has found
Across generational lines Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life including getting married having children owning a home and retiring in their sixties but while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of fulfilling life they offer striking different paths for reaching it
Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more p