48个国际音标.pptx

Click to edit Master text styles,#,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Click to edit Master title style,#,音标教学,by Miss Qiu,u:,音标特征：,后元音 高音 圆唇 长元音,发音要诀：,双唇成圆形,双唇向前突出，牙床近于半合。舌尖不 触下齿，发长音。注意长度，不要发的太短，口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态，自然而有力。,发音组合：,oo o ou u,代表单词：,food fool cool,pool shoot,tomb,group,blue clue,rule,u,音标特征：,后元音 高音 圆唇 短元音,发音要诀：,双唇成圆形，稍向前突出，牙床近于半合。舌尖不触下齿,舌后部向软颚抬起，舌身后缩。舌尖离开下齿自然而不用力，发短促音。,发音组合：,oo u ou,代表单词：,foot good cook took,pull full,should,音标对比:,u:u,food foot,boot book,cool could,who knows the truth?,Tom choose a pair of blue shoes.,The wolf is looking for its food.,I will choose blue shoes to take to school to use.,音标特征：,后元音 半低音 圆唇 长元音,发音要诀：,双唇向外突出成圆形，稍稍收圆,介 于开闭，圆唇之间。舌后升起,舌尖不触下齿。,注意,：双唇收得要更圆更小,并用力向前突出。,注意长度，不要发得太短。,发音组合：,a oo aw ou ore au or ar,代表单词：,talk ball hall call,door floor,law saw,bought fought thought,before ignore,caught,force born,warn,:,音标特征：,后元音 低音 圆唇 短元音,发音要诀：,口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩。,双唇稍稍收圆,不要突出。,发音组合：,o,代表单词：,ox on not hot lot,音标对比：:,sort dog,short shop,(1)All of the children in this classroom want to be a lawyer.,(2)There are a lot of hotdogs in the paper box.,(3)The boss took out five dollars from his pocket.,后元音小结:,英语中一共由六个后元音,即:,a:u:u :,发后元音时必须,注意,:,1)舌尖不触下齿,舌身后缩,舌后部向软颚部分 抬起。,2)除了a:,其余都是圆唇音。,3)注意a:,u:,:三个音的长度,不要发的太短。,双元音的一般特点是:,1)由两个成分组成,发音时由一个元音 向另一个元音滑动,发音过程口形有变化.,2)前重后轻,第一个成分发音响亮清澈,第二个成分较轻弱模糊.,3)前长后短,第一个成分发音较长,第 二个成分发音较短.,双元音,e,发音要诀：,舌尖抵住下齿，牙床半开半合。双唇扁平，口形由e向i滑动。,ei 发这个音的字母和字母组合,ei,a ai ay,a:cake make name game snake gate lazy,ai:rain train wait,ay:day May play taday way,根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。,1.face wave sheep tail,2.grape plane name coat,3.time tape train snake,4.rain soap cake train,音标对比：e e,at eight bed,lab late pen,sand same hen,The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain.,a,发音要诀：,将口张开略圆，舌后微升，舌尖向后收 缩，由a:平稳过渡到i音。,ai 发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy,i:kite bike nice tiger write knife,y:by cry fly my sky try why,ie:tie pie,uy:buy,根据发音规则，找出每组中发ai的2个单词.,1.rice good jam right,2.ship mine ice-cream mouse,3.cloud sit tie eye,4.write small tennis kite,音标对比：a,bat bite,back bike,lamp line,There is pie in my eye.Will I cry?Will I die?Though I am shy.I will not lie.It might cause a sty,but I deny that I will die or cry from the pie in my eye.,发音要诀：,双唇外突成圆形，发,音，逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发,短音。由圆唇变成扁唇。,发音组合：,oy oi,代表单词,:,toy boy,noise voice point coin oil,boil,根据发音规则，找出每组中发i的2个单词.,1.soil hear soy cold,2.rabbit bed boy noise,3.walk voise boil word,4.tea enjoy toy milk,音标对比：,boy boss,toy top,The little boy is playing with his new toy.,The joyful girl is counting her coins.,Put some oil in the car.,au,发音要诀：,将口张开略圆，逐渐合拢，双唇逐渐成圆形，不要一开始就把双唇收圆。,由a:平稳过渡到u音。滑动时双唇逐渐收成圆形，并把舌后部稍稍抬起。,发音组合：,ou ow,代表单词：,h,ou,se s,ou,nd,ou,t,t,ow,n n,ow,t,ow,er,根据发音规则，选出不发au的单词。,1mouse cloud arm clown,2.teacher trousers cow mouth,3.town dance flower house,4.tower blouse now baby,音标对比：au a,now night,cow kite,sound,side,Our house has a brown mouse.,It is cloudy now.,It is raining now.,au,发这个音的字母和字母组合,ou ow,ou:house mouse mouth trousers,ow:flower cow how now down,根据发音规则，选出不发,au,的单词。,1,mouse cloud arm clown,2.teacher trousers cow mouth,3.town dance flower house,4.tower blouse now baby,音标,ei ai i au,练习,一,抄写音标，一个抄写,5,遍。,ei,：,ai,：,i,：,au,：,_,二,.,选出下列没有发相同发音的词,()1.cake egg rain May,()2.kite cry broom fly,()3.boy joy cat noise,()4.blouse sun cow house,()5.tower flower mouth arm,三,.,读音标,将下列单词补充完整或写出字母，单 词的音标。,klaud set kin kr:s,c_ _ _d s_ _ c_ _n cr_ _s,flg trein desk smail,f_ _g tr_ _n d_ _ _ s_ _le,Aa Kk Ii Yy,hi boy cow now,toy bike house my,cake face how nice,四,.,把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来,bow bau,gate pai,tray geit,pie trei,poison pizn,五,.,看图、填空、标号,h_t s_n e_ _s_ r,r_l_ _ c_k_ m_ _th,Lesson 5,元音音标,u i e u,的练习,音标,u i e u,的练习,u,发音要诀：,口半开半圆，舌后微微上升，过 渡成双唇成圆形，发英语字母”,O”,的长音。,由,出发，然后把双唇收圆，滑向,u,。,发音组合：,o ow oa,代表单词：,host nose tone hole note,know low own,boat coat,音标对比：,au ,u,how hole,loud load,根据发音规则，圈出每组中发u的2个单词。,1coat goat tree river,2.make window knife road,3.your white row coat,4.boat hen nose lamp,please show me the coat over there.,Throw those old photos out of the window.,The road is covered with white snow.,发音要诀：,双唇张开，牙床由窄至半开，从i音过渡到音。,发音组合：,eer ear ere,音标对比：i il,代表单词：,beer deer here hill,hear near fear fear feel,here dear deal,Dont sit near the door.,A little deer appears in the woods.,Please give me a glass of beer.,根据发音规则，圈出每组中发i的1个单词。,1.bear beer fair tail,2.noodles pair near come,3.horse near tower air,4.ring king here three,e,发音要诀：,双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开一定宽度。,发音组合：,air ear are ere,代表单词：,hair fair air chair,bear,pear,dare,there,音标对比：,e a,i,hair hire,fare fire,A bear is eating a pear.,You must care the pears on the chair.,根据发音规则，圈出每组中发e的一个单词。,1.bear idea pineapple tail,2.noodles pair climb come,3.horse house tower air,4.ring king hare three,u发音要诀：,双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，由u音很快向滑动。,发音组合：,oor ure our,代表单词：,poor,音标对比：u u,sure,poor post,tour,sure sold,I am sure that he is a very poor man,He lured the poor to lure the poorer.,根据发音规则，圈出每组中发u的1个,单词。,1.clear tourist pineapple tail,2.noodles pair climb fury,3.beard cure tower air,4.voice king pure engineer,音标,u i e u,的练习,一抄写音标，一个抄写,5,遍。,u,：,i,：,e,：,u,：,_,二,.,选出下列没有相同发音的词。,()1.mouth coat goat window,()2.dear beer cake teacher)3.pair boy air hare,()4.poor tour Europe cry,()5.boat bike side fly,三,.,写出单词或音标。,nuz,said i kau pe,pu bt,wu:d,go ear,photo deer near nose hear,五,.,把下列单词与音标用线连起来。,ruz,theater,it rose,skwe tour,tu square,pleisiz places,Practice,辅音,(28),Consonant,什么是辅音？,What is consonant?,发音时不论声带震动与否，呼出的气流在通过口腔或鼻腔时，受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的音标称为,辅音。,发音时，声带不震动的辅音，称为,清辅音；,发音时，声带震动的辅音，称为,浊辅音。,课程内容,Course Content,爆破音（6）:,p b t d k g,摩擦音（10）:,f v s z,h r,破擦音（6）:,tr,dr,ts,dz,鼻辅音（3）:,m n,舌边音（1）:,l,半元音（2）:,w j,10对成家,清 浊,p b,t d,k g,f v,s z,清 浊,3,ts dz,tr dr,t,d3,爆破音,发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍，,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。,爆破音：p b t d k g,爆破音,p,it,p,ay,ha,pp,y,P,ro,p,er,爆破音,发音要领：,发音时，双唇紧闭，气流突然冲开双唇，冲出口腔。,/,p,/,是清辅音，声带不振动，,/,b,/,是浊辅音，声带振动。,b,it,b,ay,b,a,b,y,b,etter,Put the babys bottle by Pauls plate,please.,I remember theres a big bag of beans on the table.,请把婴儿的杯子放在鲍勃的旁边。,我记得桌子上有一大袋黄豆。,p&b,t,音标特征：,舌尖齿龈爆破清辅音.,发音要诀：,双唇微开,先用舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后 突然下降,气流冲出口腔。t 是清辅音,发音时声带不震动。注意在 s 音的后边,t 音要读成相应的浊辅音 d。,发音组合：,t,代表单词：,tea,teacher team it,meet cat boat,student stand picture,d,音标特征：,舌尖齿龈爆破浊辅音.,发音要诀：,双唇微开,先用舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后 突然下降,气流冲出口腔。d 是浊辅音,发音时声带震动。,发音组合：,d,代表单词：,do did does deer dig,need bed climbed,音标对比：t d,tea deed,team deep,bet bed,音标,u i e u,的练习,一抄写音标，一个抄写,5遍。,u,：,i,：,e,：,u,：,_,二,.,选出下列没有相同发音的词。,()1.mouth coat goat window,()2.dear beer cake teacher,()3.pair boy air hare,()4.poor tour Europe cry,()5.boat bike side fly,三,.,写出单词或音标。,nuz,said i kau pe,pu bt,wu:d,go ear,photo deer near nose hear,五,.,把下列单词与音标用线连起来。,ruz,theater,it rose,skwe tour,tu square,pleisiz places,Practice,k,音标特征：,舌后软颚爆破清辅音,发音要诀：,舌后部隆起,舌根紧贴软颚,形成阻碍,然后突然张开,气流冲出口腔。声带不产生震动,属于清辅音。在 s 音后面读相应的浊辅音 g,发音组合：,c k ck,代表单词：,cake car come,kite sky keep,pick back,g,音标特征：,舌后软颚爆破浊辅音,发音要诀：,舌后部隆起,舌根紧贴软颚,形成阻碍,后突然张开,气流冲出口腔。声带震动,属于浊辅音。,发音组合：,g,代表单词：,geese go get,big bag beg,音标对比：k g,keep get,cake beg,pick pig,（1）在s音的后边,发生音变,p,要读成,b,sport/s,p,:t/-/,b,/,t,要读成,d,style/s,t,ail/-/,d,/,k,要读成,g,school/s,k,u:l/-/,g,/,（2,）,p b t d k g,（爆破音）在结尾,出现时，千万不要加上一个音,job club /stop pop /sit let /,bad glad/work cook/pig dog,发音注意点,Points,摩擦音,由发音器官造成的缝隙使,气流产生摩擦而发出的声音,f v ,3 s z,h r,f,音标特征：,唇齿摩擦清辅音,发音要诀：,上齿轻触下唇，用力将气流从唇齿之,间吹出，引起摩擦成音。f 是清辅音，,发音时声带不震动。,发音组合：,f ph,代表单词：,five first life fine fat,fail fair fall farm,v,音标特征：,唇齿摩擦浊辅音,发音要诀：,上齿轻触下唇，用力将气流从唇齿之,间吹出，引起摩擦成音。v 是浊辅音，,发音时声带震动。,发音组合：,v,代表单词：,vote vail,very leave five,音标对比：f v,life live,five vote,音标特征：,舌尖齿背摩擦清辅音,发音要诀：,舌尖轻触上下齿，气流由舌齿间窄缝泄出，,摩擦成音。声带不震动，属于清辅音。,发音组合：,th,代表单词：,think teeth thick thank,both truth fifth,cloth faith thing,He thought thirty thousand dollars was nothing.,We both need something to eat.,音标特征：,舌尖齿背摩擦浊辅音,发音要诀：,舌尖轻触上下齿，气流由舌齿间窄缝泄出，,摩擦成音。声带震动，属于浊辅音。,发音组合：,th,代表单词：,this that these then though,those other together mother,音标对比：,thick this,theme thandeath these,音标特征：,舌端齿龈后部摩擦清辅音,发音要诀：,舌尖和舌端抬向上齿龈较后部分,整个舌身抬起靠近上颚,开成一条狭长的通道,用力将气息送出来.气流由此通道流过,引起摩擦成音。双唇微开,稍向前突出,略成长方形,注意不要扁唇,以免发成汉语里的“徐”(太圆)和“希”(太扁)音。是清辅音,发音时声带不震动。,发音组合：,sh s ss ch,代表单词：,ship fish sheep dish,sure,assure,machine,3,音标特征：,舌端齿龈后部摩擦浊辅音,发音要诀：,舌尖和舌端抬向上齿龈较后部分,整个舌身抬起靠近上颚,开成一条狭长的通道,用力将气息送出来.气流由此通道流过,引起摩擦成音。双唇微开,稍向前突出,略成长方形。3是浊辅音,发音时声带震动。,发音组合：,s,代表单词：,pleasure usual vision measure,音标对比：,3,sure treasure,machine measure,finish revision,She wished she had gone shopping.,She shares the sugar with Tom.,s,音标特征：,舌端齿龈摩擦清辅音,发音要诀：,双唇微开，上下齿接近于合拢状态，舌端靠近齿 龈(不要贴住)，气流由齿龈之间泄出，摩擦成音。发音时声带不震动,属于清辅音。,发音组合：,s c,代表单词：,seem say see,books cups,face ice,音标对比：s,theme seem,think sink,path pass,z,音标特征：,舌端齿龈摩擦浊辅音,发音要诀：,双唇微开，上下齿接近于合拢状态，舌端靠近齿龈(不要贴住)，气流由齿龈之间泄出，摩擦成音。声带震动，属于浊辅音。,发音组合：,z s,代表单词：,zoo prize,raise eyes exercise,音标对比：z s,this zip books,those zoo seem,The Spanish speak Spanish in spain.,Mrs smith cooks the best feasts.,She is my friends cousin.,h,音标特征：,声门摩擦辅音,发音要诀：,发这个音时气流从两条声带间的缝隙（声门）间通过，气流不受阻碍,自由逸出口腔,只在通过气门时发出轻微的摩擦.摩擦声门而成，但是声带不振动，是个清辅音，很像喘一口气，口形不定，随后面的元音而变化。,注意:h 和汉语里的“h”音的区别。汉语的“h”音比英语的 h 紧张有力。发英语时舌后部和软颚间不产生摩擦。,发音组合：,h wh,【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。,代表单词：,hot home house horse high,who whose whom,r,音标特征：,舌尖齿龈后部摩擦辅音,发音要诀：,唇形稍圆，舌尖向上齿龈后部上卷，舌前部下陷，舌身略凹，舌身两侧收拢，发音时舌端抬起，向后面的硬颚弯曲，发生磨擦而成。要注意舌的动作是由前向后弯，声带振动，是个浊辅音。,双唇略突出，气流由舌面与硬颚间泄出，震动声带。,发音组合：,r wr,代表单词：,red rice rain right,free fry,wr,ong,wr,ite,green from,The writer is reading a short story.,Tom bought three red roses for Mary.,摩擦音小结:,英语中有十个摩擦音即:f v 3,s z h r,发摩擦音时必须注意：,1)口腔通道不完全阻塞,留有窄小空隙,气流从中泄出时摩擦或震动成音。,2)摩擦音可以延长而发音器官位置不变。,破擦音,甴一个爆破音和一个摩擦音组成，发音时舌尖抵住上齿龈成发t、d的姿势，形成气流的完全阻碍，随后让气流冲破这种阻碍轻微爆破后立即发出第二个摩擦音，即先爆破后摩擦，两音密合，发成一个音。,破擦音有以下6个：,tr dr ts dz,音标特征：,舌端齿龈破擦清辅音,发音要诀：,双唇微开,舌尖舌端抬起,先用舌尖抵上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后张开,使气流外泄而成音。气流冲破这个阻碍后,舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭缝,发出摩擦的声音。是清辅音,发音时声带不震动。,发音组合：,ch,代表单词：,cheap child,catch lunch,音标特征：,舌端齿龈破擦浊辅音,发音要诀：,双唇微开，舌尖舌端抬起，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，形成阻碍，然后张开，使气流外泄而成音。气流冲破这个阻碍后，舌和齿龈间仍保持一个狭缝，发出摩擦的声音。,是浊辅音，发音时声带震动。,发音组合：,j g dg,代表单词：,jeep joke,change huge,bridge edge,tr,音标特征：,齿龈后部破擦清辅音,发音要诀：,舌身采取发 r 的姿势，但舌尖上翘贴在齿龈后部，气流冲破这个阻碍发出短促的 t 后立即发 r。,声带不震动，属于清辅音。,发音组合：,tr,代表单词：,tree trip train trade,dr,音标特征:,齿龈后部破擦浊辅音,发音要诀:,舌身采取发 r 的姿势，但舌尖上翘贴在齿龈后部，气流冲破这个阻碍发出短促的 d 后立即发 r。声带震动，属于浊辅音。,发音组合:,dr,代表单词:,dream drag drink,children drop driver,音标对比:,tr dr,tree dream,try dry,ts,音标特征:,舌端齿龈破擦清辅音,发音要诀:,舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略微位下降，气流随之泄出口腔。声带不震动，属于清辅音。,发音组合：,ts,代表单词：,sits seats,parents hats,音标对比:,ts s,ge,ts,gue,ss,le,ts,le,ss,lo,ts,lo,ss,dz,音标特征：,舌端齿龈破擦浊辅音,发音要诀：,舌端先贴住齿龈,堵住气流,然后略微位下降,气流随之泄出口腔。声带震动,属于浊辅音。,发音组合：,ds,代表单词：,needs spends leads,音标对比：ts dz,bets beds,nets needs,鼻辅音,（,3,）,发音要领：,双唇紧闭，软腭下垂，气流从鼻腔送出。在词末时，须略延,长，以防止吞音。声带震动发音,发音组合：,m,m,m,e,m,ap a,m,azing,re,m,e,m,ber ti,m,e,exa,m,for,m,co,m,puter ga,m,es,come ho,m,e,so,m,e boys,鼻辅音,n,发音要领：,舌尖紧贴上齿龈，软腭下垂，形成阻碍，气流由鼻腔送出。,在词末时，须略延长，以防止吞音。,发音组合：,n,so,n,brow,n,su,n,rai,n,wi,n,ter champio,n,ow,n,mi,n,d,a,n,swer qu,e,stions,a su,nn,y day,音标对比,m n,ho,m,e sto,n,e,the,m,e thi,n,m,et,n,et,鼻辅音,发音要领：,软腭下垂，舌后部向软腭抬起，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔,送出。词末时发音清晰有力，略微延长。此音与汉语普通,话的eng(,昂,),相似，在词末时清晰有力。,发音组合：,ng n,ba,n,k lo,ng,si,ng,E,n,glish bla,n,k painti,ng,shoppi,ng,thi,n,k,havi,ng,a good time,E,n,glish so,ng,s,work in a ba,n,k,音标对比,n ,su,n,su,ng,si,n,si,ng,thi,n,thi,ng,鼻辅音小结,英语中一共由三个鼻辅音，即:m n ，发鼻辅音时必须注意：,1)软颚下垂，口腔通道完全阻塞，气流从鼻腔泄出。,2)有声带震动，都是浊辅音。,3)鼻辅音在词末时，发音要略微延长。,舌边音,(1),舌端齿龈边辅音,(,也叫旁流音,),注意,:l,有两个发音，即清晰音,l,和含糊音,l,在元音前时,，,发清晰音，舌端抵上齿龈，气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出。,l,ate,l,ike,l,ong,l,ow c,l,ose,在辅音前或词末时,，,发含糊音。舌端也抵上齿龈，但是,与清晰音相比，舌前部较低，舌后部较高，发音略长。,be,l,t,a,ll,se,ll,pu,ll,litt,l,e gir,l,l,w,音标特征：,舌后软颚半元音,发音要诀：,发音部位和元音u:相似，即舌后部向软颚抬起，抬得很高，双唇收的很圆很小，并向前突出，成尖圆形。这是一个半元音，因为发w时气流不受发音器官的阻碍，像元音一样，只是气流通过唇角时有一些磨擦。半元音没有长度，只能向元音过渡且都是浊音。辅音字母w和wh组合读此音，气息流过,声带震动。注意：一经发出，立即向后面的元音滑动。,发音组合：,w wh,半元音,(2),半元音,(2),发音要领：,舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位高，口形收圆并稍向前突出，发音,短促，一经发出，立刻向后面的元音滑动，起辅音的作用。,w,w,e wait,w,alk,w,allet,w,ash,w,aiter,w,eek,w,inter,w,in,wh,at,wh,ere,wh,y,on,w,eekends,w,ear glasses,w,ait for,音标对比,w v,wet vet,winter venture,world voice,半元音,j,发音要领：,舌前部尽量向硬腭抬起，双唇平展，口微开，舌面和硬腭稍,有摩擦，舌抵下齿，该半元音一经发出，立刻向后面的元,音滑动，起辅音的作用。,发音组合：,y,y,es,y,ou,y,ear,y,et,y,oung,y,our,y,our teacher,visit,y,our friends,my,y,ounger sister,复习,Review,爆破音（6）:,p b t d k g,摩擦音（10）:,f v,s z,h r,破擦音（6）:,tr,dr,ts,dz,鼻辅音（3）:,m n,舌边音（1）:,l,半元音（2）:,w j,Thank you very much!,