上外四册词汇句型汇总.doc

BOOK ONE
Unit 1
1. average (adj.)= ordinary 普通的；中等的
on the average 一般说来；平均
above/ below the average 在一般水平之上/之下
eg: On the average, we work five days a week.
2. intelligence (n.): ability to learn and understand 智力
intelligent (adj.) intelligently (adv.)
an intelligence test智力测试 Secret Intelligence Service 秘密情报部门
IQ = intelligence quotient 智商 EQ = emotion quotient 情商
3. necessarily(adv.) = inevitably 必定
necessary (adj.) ←→unnecessary (adj.)
necessity(n.)必要性 necessities(n.)必需品
4. case: actual condition 实情
a medical case 病例 a law case 案例 an urgent case 急症
in case of倘若遇到，万一；in any case无论如何，不管怎样；
in the case of就……而言； in case假使，以防万一； in no case 绝不(句首倒装)
eg. You may ask your teacher in case of difficulty.
In any case you will go to Nanjing tomorrow.
In the case of foreign language, professor Liu has learned English, French.
In case I forget, please remind me about it.

5. additional(adj.): extra; added 额外的，附加的 add(v.)
addition (n.) in addition to 除……以外 +n./v-ing in addition 此外
eg: An additional charge is made for heavy bags.
Mum gave me some bread for my picnic in addition.
In addition to apples, he also like to eat bananas.

6 schedule(n.) = timetable 程序表，时间表，节目表 (v.) 做……的目录，安排
a TV schedule 电视节目表 a train schedule 火车时刻表
ahead of / behind / on schedule 提前/延迟/按时
have a full schedule: have many things to do 有很多事情要做，日程安排满了
be scheduled to do sth. 按时间日程计划做……
eg: We finished the task ahead of / behind / on schedule.

I have a full schedule recently.
The president is scheduled to make a speech this evening.

7. commit: (v.) perform a crime, foolish act使……承担义务，犯错
eg: commit a crime/an error/murder/suicide 犯罪/犯错/谋杀/自杀
commit oneself to sth./ doing sth.献身于
eg: He has committed himself to supporting his children.
Signing this form commits you to buying the goods.

8. aside: (adv.) sideways 在旁边，到（向）另外一边
aside from = apart from 除；除……以外 set aside留出
9. normal: (adj.) (antonym)abnormal normally(adv.)
10. assignment: (n) assign +(suffix)ment
其他如：amusement / excitement / encouragement / government
11. occupy (v.): take up占用；忙碌，使……从事
occupation(n.) 占领；职业 occupancy(n.) 占用期间 occupier占用（领）者
occupational(adj.) 职业的；军事占领的 occupational disease 职业病
be occupied in doing sth.= occupy oneself in doing sth.忙于
be occupied with sth.从事……
eg: He was occupied in writing a book.
= He occupies himself in writing a book.
Mary is occupied with a translation of a French novel.
12. relaxation: (n.)放松，娱乐(U) 娱乐活动(C) relax (v.)
eg: I play golf for relaxation.
Walking and reading are his favorite relaxations.
A good message always relaxes me.
13. entertainment: (n.) 娱乐，娱乐活动（U/C）；招待(U)
entertain (v.) entertainer (n.) entertaining (adj.)
14. solve: (v.) : find an answer to 解决，解答
solution (n.)类似answer, key, 后＋to
solve the problem / difficulty answer a question
settle a matter / dispute(争端)/argument(争论)
15. aware: (adj.) having knowledge or understanding 意识到的 awareness (n.)
be aware of sth/that-clause意识到
有时可用become / get / grow替换be,强调逐渐的过程。以a-开头的形容词还有：asleep / alike / ashamed / afraid /ahead 等。注意这类形容词在句子中多充当表语成分，一般不用very修饰，作定语时一般放在所修饰的名词后面。aware可用fully/well/completely等来修饰。
eg: He was not aware of my arrival / time.
She became aware of having done wrong.
Everyone was aware that the condition is dangerous.
The building ahead is the post office.
People are fully aware the seriousness of the environmental pollution now.
16. furthermore(adv.): moreover, in addition, further此外，而且
可用于句子附加或补充说明，可置于句首、句中或句尾，需逗号与句子隔开。
eg: The house isn’t large enough for us, and furthermore, it’s too far from the city.
17. activity:(n.) act (v.) active (adj.) action (n.) activist (n.) actor\ actress(n.)
18. adequate (adj.): as much as one needs; enough 充分的，足够的
(antonym) adequate←→inadequate be adequate to 胜任
eg. I hope he can be adequate to the new job.
19. distraction(n.): sth. that draws away the mind/attention 分心/分散注意力的事物
prefix dis- +tract(吸引) +suffix –tion 其他如：disagree/dissatisfied/discomfort
distract(v.) — distracting(adj.) — distracted (adj.)
drive sb to distraction 使某人发狂 distract sb. from sth.使……分心
20. concentrate (v.): pay close attention to 全神贯注于
concentrate on / upon sth.集中于……
concentration (n.) concentrated (adj.) 集中的；浓缩的
eg: concentrated fire 集中火力 concentrated food 浓缩食品
A driver should concentrate on / upon the road when driving.
We concentrated on / upon the task before us.
21. skim(v.): read quickly to get the main ideas of sth. 略读
skim, scan和skip之辨析
skim“略读”，常与over / through搭配，强调快速读一遍，从而获得主旨大意。
scan“浏览”，主要指尽可能快地找出具体信息。
skip“跳读”，指忽略不需要的部分或章节而看。
eg: skim through a newspaper
She scanned the book for his name, but couldn't find it.
He skipped some uninteresting chapters of the book.

22. preview(v.): have a general view for sth. beforehand预习
The prefix “pre-” means “before” or “in advance”.
其他如：previous先前的\ prewar 战前的\ prehistroric史前的
23. content(n.): what is written in a book, etc. 内容
content (adj.): satisfied with what one has 满足
24. later(adv.): 后来，以后 the latter后者 the former前者
25. comprehension(n.): the mind’s act or power of understanding 理解力
comprehend(v.)理解，领会—comprehensible(adj.) 能理解的—
comprehensive (adj.) 综合的，广泛的—comprehensively(adv.)
26 mention(v.): speak or write about sth. in a few words 提及
not to mention+ n.\ v.-ing
(n.) at the mention of sth 在提到……时候
eg: Don’t mention it. 不用谢
He brightened up at the mention of tea.
27. confused(adj.): mixed up in one’s mind迷惑的，混淆的
confusion (n.)—confusing (adj.)
confuse(v.): confuse sth. with sth.弄错，混淆
eg: He always confuse Chinese with Japanese.
I often confuse you with you sister — you look so like.
28. performance (n.): achievement成绩
perform (v.)—performer(n.)执行者，表演者
n-suffix→-ance\ ence importance/preference喜爱/circumstance条件，情况
29. meaningful (adj.)=significant —mean (v.) 意味—meaning(n.)意义，含义
30. attitude(n.): what one thinks about sth.态度，看法
attitude to\ toward(s) sth.对……的态度
attitude of……的样子/姿态
eg: attitude toward life 对生活的态度
attitude of entreaty 恳求的样子
31. purpose(n.): aim目的，意图
purposeful(adj.) 有意的←→purposeless purposely(adv.) 故意地
on purpose=deliberately故意地;专门地
for (the) purpose of …=for the sake of 为了……
eg: I have come on purpose to speak to you.
He left the key in the room on purpose.
Did you come to London for the purpose of seeing your family?

32. excessively (adv.): too much; greatly; extremely过分地，极端地
excessive (adj.)过分的—excess(n.) 过分，过量
33. permanent(adj.): lasting for a long time; never changing 持久的，永久的
permanence (n.) antonym ←→ temporary(adj.)短暂的

Phrase
34. fill in = write in 填写 eg: Please fill your name on the form.
35. decide on + sth./ on doing sth./ clause 决定，选定
eg: Have you decided on spending your summer holiday at home?
36. set aside: save money /time…for special purpose 留出，拨出
eg: She has set aside the whole weekend for reading.
37. as well: too, also 也，又
eg: They all do military training as well.
I ordered one apple pie, one hot dog, and one ice-cream as well.
as well和 as well as 之辨析
as well位于句末，as well as(同样，也)位于句中。
eg: It’s important to you as well as to me.
38. choose… as/for: choose sb./sth. to be挑选……作为
eg: We chose him as our monitor.
Many students choose the classroom as their study area.
39. look over: survey; examine查看，浏览
eg. Please look over your paper carefully
40. make (good/full) use of: take advantage of 利用
eg. We should make use of our natural resources.
41. go over: review; examine复习，检查
eg. He went over his notes again before the exam.
42. lead to: result in 导致
eg. The heavy rain led to serious floods in the south.
43. share with: have sth. with others or deal with共有，分享，分担
eg. I share the bedroom with my sister.
Tom will share the rent with his roommate.

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Unit 2
1. single-handed (adj./ adv.):done by one person without help from others
=by oneself 单独的/地
eg. He cannot accomplish the task single-handed.
This man has changed the whole situation almost single-handed.
The job cannot be done single-handed.
She accomplished the task by her single-handed efforts.
构词法：adj.+n.+ ed =adj./adv. 其他如：
good-mannered 有礼貌的 good-natured 脾气好的 warm-hearted 热心的absent-minded 心不在焉的 blue-eyed 蓝眼睛的 long-tailed 长尾巴的
cold-blooded无情的，冷血的 long-haired 长头发的 short-sighted 近视的

2. adventure: strange or unusual happening, esp. an exciting or dangerous journey or activity 冒险, 冒险活动
eg. Tom Sawyer set out in search of adventure.
Have you read The Adventure of Tom Sawyer?
Every journey outside the house is an adventure to the baby.
辨析:adventure 冒险,探险, 多指经历一种令人兴奋的、危险的艰难;
venture 有风险的事业及商业投机, 多指经济风险, eg: a business venture
3. solo=single-handed(adj.) 单独的; 独唱(曲) ,独奏(曲)(n.)
作为“单独的” 使用不太普遍, 多用于表示“独奏”的含义
eg. a solo play a violin solo 小提琴独奏曲
4. transatlantic: crossing the Atlantic 横渡大西洋的
eg. a transatlantic line 横渡大西洋的航线
trans—prefix 作为前缀，表示“横过，在……另一方”
eg: transnational 跨国的 transoceanic 横渡大西洋的 transfer 调职
translate 翻译 transform 变形 transplant 移植

5. determined (adj.): with one’s mind firmly made up 已决定的, 坚决的
构词：n./v.+(suffix)-ed=adj 表示“有”, “具有……特征”
eg. confessed 公开的, 坦白的 developed 先进的 considered 深思熟虑的experienced 有经验的 wanted 通缉的 skilled 熟练的
determine to do sth be determined to do sth
派生词：determine (v.) →determination (n.) →determinative(adj.起决定作用的)→determinism(n.决定论)→deterministic(adj. 宿命论/决定论的)
搭配：be determined to do sth 决心做 be determined that （从句子）
determine on /upon sth.坚持做，决定做
determine sb. to do 使……决定做(某事)
eg. He is determined that this child will not lead a poor life.
The government is determined to further the reform.
This stubborn fellow is determined to have his own way.
She is a determined woman and has brought up her children single-handed.
They determined on an early start.
A serious illness determined him to give up smoking.
6. voyage (n.) =sea journey 航海，航行（多指海上）(v.) go on a sea journey
eg: They made a voyage from England to India.
The seaman has almost voyaged around the world.
辨析：journey: usu. refers to a long-distant place on the land.多指长途的陆路旅行
travel: a general word which means going to a distant place, by air, sea, etc. 旅行，是通用词，多指长途的，长时间的旅行，旅行手段不限
travel agency 旅行社
trip: usu. refers to a short-distance travel指较近距离的旅行
a honeymoon trip a weekend trip to the seaside a business trip

7. route: way from one place to another
路程，路线 （多指设计规定好的从一地到另一处的路线，也指经常走的路线）
eg. a sea route an air route the route of a journey
course 行动方向，道路 eg. the course of the river
way 用法较广，通指任何道路和通道 eg. I’ve lost my way.
8. crew (n.) 全体船员；全体乘务员
eg. The crew on the ship was large.
All the crew were saved.
集合名词，不能用“a”来修饰，也不能加复数-s。作主语时，如看成整体，谓语动词用单数；如看作个体，谓语动词用复数。
其他：audience 观众，听众；committee 委员，委员会； family家庭成员；company 公司；group 小组；government 政府；police 警察；staff 职员；team 队

9. device (n.): sth made for a special purpose 装置，设备（=instrument）
eg. a safety device a nuclear device
Hunters use different devices to trap different animals.
device (n.)→devise (vt.)设计，发明；advice(n.) →advise(v.) 建议
practice (n.)→practise (v.) 实践；　　
10. damage (vt.): cause harm to; (n.) harm, loss 损坏，毁坏
　do damage to 对……有损害
eg. The scandal damaged his career.
We must find ways to repair the damage.
The accident did great damage to my car.
damageable(adj.)可损害的→damaging (adj.) 有破坏性的→damages(n.)赔偿金
damage, destroy, ruin 和 injure辨析
damage: 损坏，指部分损害，从而降低其使用和价值。
destroy: 毁坏，多指彻底毁坏而无法修复。
ruin: 毁掉，覆灭，既可以指具体的事物，也指抽象的东西如财产、名声和前途等。Eg: All kinds of rumors might ruin his good fame.
injure: 伤害，多指损害人的外貌、健康等。

11. gale (n.): strong and violent wind 大风,强风
归类：wind 风; breeze 微风; gust 阵风; puff 一阵轻风; storm 暴风;
hurricane 飓风, 十二级风; whirlwind 旋风; typhoon 台风
12. cover (vt.): pass over or travel (a certain distance) 行过一段距离
eg. The travelers covered 400 miles a day by car.
They covered three states in two days.
uncover (v.) 揭露; discover (v.) 发现; recover (v.)恢复
13. previous (adj.) :coming earlier in time or order 以前的, 先 注：无比较级
previous to 在……之前　previously (adv.)= before 以前, 过去
eg. Have you had any previous experience of this kind of work?
Previously, the two were good friends.
He said he had paid the doctor a visit two days previous to National Day.
14. attempt (n.): effort to do sth. (v.) try to do sth. 尝试, 试图
make an attempt to do sth.=attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
eg. A true friend will make every attempt to help you.
Don’t attempt the impossible.
He attempted to win her love by sending her expensive gifts.
The enemy’s attempt at a surprise attack failed.
15. dissuade advise against, try to turn sb. away 劝阻, 劝止
dissuade (vt.)→dissuasion (n.) →dissuasive (adj.) 劝阻
persuade (vt.)→persuasion (n.)→persuasive (adj.) 劝说
dissuade sb. from doing sth.＝persuade sb. out of doing sth.劝某人不做……
persuade sb. to do sth.=persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做……
eg. They dissuaded her from leaving school / out of leaving school.
I have persuaded my father to stop smoking / into stopping smoking.
16. rough: not gentle or calm 暴风雨的, 不平静的; 粗糙的; 粗略的; 粗暴的
eg. rough waters 汹涌的海水 a rough voyage 历尽风浪的航行
rough weather 狂风暴雨的天气 in a rough manner 粗暴地
17. fortunately: luckily [antonym] unfortunately
eg. Fortunately, he caught the train.
Fortunate (adj.)→fortune (n.)幸运→misfortune(n.)不幸 fortune-teller (n.)算命者
be fortunate in 在……方面幸运; be fortunate to do sth. 很幸运做……
eg. Mr. Green is fortunate in having a beautiful wife.
　 We were fortunate enough to catch an early bus.

18. waken vi. stop sleeping 醒来 vt. wake sb. up唤醒
eg. He wakened at the first ray of daylight.
The alarm bell wakened him out of a sound sleep.
wake, waken, awake和awaken辨析
wake—woke—woken (usu. vi.) 唤醒, 自己醒 普通用语，常与up搭配;
waken—wakened —wakened (usu. vt.) 叫醒　正式用语；
awake—awoke—awoken (usu. vi.) 醒来，正式用语，并常用于“觉悟、觉醒”的比喻意义。 awake to sth. 开始意识到,认识到
awaken—awakened—awakened (vt.)唤醒, 引起（usu. passive） 表示状态，并常用于引申意义。
eg. The baby waked up early in the morning.
Please waken me at 6.
Asia is awaking from her long sleep.
He was awakened by a loud noise in the street.

19. nightmare (n.): terrible and frightening dream 噩梦
have a nightmare 做恶梦
eg. The little girl often has nightmares.
dream (n./v.) 梦，梦想 daydream (n./v.) 白日梦
20. drag (vt.) pull along with difficulty 拖, 拽
drag on 时间拖得很长 drag one’s feet 拖延时间（不愿意做）
eg. The horse was dragging the heavy stones.
The meeting dragged on for more than 3 hours.
The boss promised to raise the pay but was dragging his feet now.
21. accomplish (vt.): finish successfully; succeed in doing 完成, 实现(目标)
eg. Women can accomplish anything as men can do.
accomplished (adj.) →accomplishment (n.) →accomplishments (n.)才艺，技能
accomplish, finish, complete and achieve
accomplish: 完成，达到，强调做成一