Unit-4-Shopping.doc

Unit 4 Shopping

Section One: Going to the Grocer’s
Focus
Showing agreement
S: Varieties of food
L: Mrs Brown’s Shopping list
L: At the grocer’s
S: Do you agree…
R: Now you are fish
W: Completing the Healthy Diet Pyramid
多词并列时的语调
学习内容：
Speaking： Varieties of food
Listening： Mrs Brown’s Shopping list
Listening：At the grocer’s
Speakin: Do you agree…
Reading: Now you are fish
Writing: Completing the Healthy Diet Pyramid
学习目标：
通过本主题的学习，学生能够熟悉常见食品的英语表达，掌握表达赞同意见（Showing agreement）的英文技巧，认识基督教文化中的各种饮食习惯，基本学会用简单的英语描述饮食习惯。掌握英语中多词并列时的语调。
学习重点：
各种食物名称（Varieties of food）
学习难点：
表达赞同意见（showing agreement）
PART  Two: Mrs. Brown’s shopping list
Notes
1. Mrs. Brown is going to the grocer’s. 布朗太太要去杂货店。
☆grocer n. 食品杂货商
e.g. Father ordered milk, eggs and butter from the grocer.  
句中的the grocer’s 指杂货店。一些职业名称和姓氏复数的所有格形式可用来指某人所在的办公或营业地点或家庭。例如：the Smiths’史密斯家，the butcher’s肉店。
2.  that’s why she likes to stay in China. ……这也是她喜欢待在中国的原因。
why在此处引导一个表语从句。
e.g.  That’s why I’ve become a vegetarian.  
3. What’s more, it is much cheaper in China than in her own country. 还有，价钱也比她自己国家的低。
what’s more而且，除此之外
该短语用于句子间的连接，通常由逗号将其与句子的其他成分分开。
e.g.  I missed the bus and had to walk home. What’s more, it was raining and I got all wet.  
in addition跟what’s more 意思比较接近，也表示“另外”。
除了in addition和in addition to，besides也具有类似的用法。besides既可以当in addition 用，也可以当in addition to用。
much在此处作程度副词，修饰形容词比较级。类似的程度副词还有：rather，fairly，far等。
e.g.  The story you tell is far less important than the way you tell it.  
4.    She is asking for some litchi today, because she will have some friends over. 因为有几位朋友要到她家来玩，所以她想买些荔枝。
have some friends over 有些朋友过来
e.g.  I will have some friends over for dinner tonight.  
over在这里是副词，意思是“（越过一段距离、空间等）从一边到另一边”。 
e.g.  She has gone over to the USA.  

PART Three: At the grocer’s
Focus
S: A picture of the supermarket
L：Buying milk powder
L: The special offer
S: Looking for drinks
R: An unexpected tip
W: Completing an opinion survey
R: The crowded store
学习内容：
Speaking: A picture of the supermarket
Listening：Buying milk powder
Listening: The special offer
Speaking: Looking for drinks
Reading: An unexpected tip
Writing: Completing an opinion survey
学习目标：
通过本主题的学习，学生能够熟悉有关超市设施及物品的英文表达，复习用英文询问（Inquiring）及回应的技巧，基本学会用简单的英语填写意见调查表格。
学习重点：
超市相关词汇（About the supermarket）
学习难点：
填写意见调查（Completing a survey report）

Notes
1 Don’t you think it is always nice to have greens in summer?
夏天吃些绿色蔬菜很好，不是吗？
这里的greens指绿叶类蔬菜或蔬菜的绿色、可食用部分，用复数。
2. As for the potatoes, I think I can go without them today.
至于土豆，我想今天不吃也过得去。
as for 就……而论，至于
e.g. We have plenty of bread, and as for butter, we have more than enough.  
go without sth. 没有……也行；忍受没有……之苦
e.g. Better go without supper than without breakfast.
Twenty two of us went without food for 30 hours!  

Section Two: At the Supermarket

PART Five: An Unexpected Tip
Notes
1.    Years ago, when ice cream sundae was very expensive, a 10-year-old boy walked up to the counter of a soda shop. 很久以前，冰淇淋圣代还不像现在这么便宜，一个十岁的小男孩来到一家汽水甜品店。
when在此处是时间副词，引导从句，修饰years ago。
e.g.  Last summer, when I was in Vancouver, I met my present boyfriend. 
2.   He climbed onto a chair because the counter was well above his height. 他爬上一把椅子，因为柜台比他人还高一大截。
此处well above的意思是“比……高出一大截well 是副词，意思是“a lot, to a great degree （许多，很大程度上）”。
e.g.  It was well after 12 o’clock when they arrived. 
3.   “What does an ice cream sundae cost?” he asked the waitress. “Fifty cents,” she answered, giving him a quick look. “一个冰淇淋圣代多少钱？”他问那里的女店员。女店员瞥了他一眼，回答道：“50美分。”
what在此处相当于how much，常与cost等一起用。
e.g.  What does a real diamond ring cost?
真的钻石戒指值多少钱？
giving him a quick look是伴随状语，下文的counting it carefully 也是同样的作用。
4.  The boy reached deep in his pockets and pulled out all kinds of change, counting it carefully as the waitress grew impatient. 小男孩把手伸到口袋最里面去，掏出了所有的零钱，仔仔细细地数了起来，弄得那位店员很不耐烦。
change有“零钱、硬币、找头”等意思，用作不可数名词。
e.g.  Here is your change. 
grow后面指形容词时是连系动词（linking verb），意思是“变成，渐渐变得”。
e.g.  As we grow older, let us be more thankful. 
类似grow这样的连系动词还有：turn，go等。
e.g.  As autumn comes, some tree leaves turn yellow. 
*impatient a. 不耐烦的；急躁的
e.g.  You’re too impatient with her. She’s only a child. 
impatient的前缀im-表示相反的意思，是一个否定前缀，常用在形容词前面，构成反义词。例如：possible – impossible，polite – impolite。该词后面常接介词with，即impatient with sb./sth. （对某人或某事没有耐心）。
5. She had “bigger” customers to wait on.
人家有“大”客人要招待啊。
wait on 招待（顾客）；伺候，服侍
e.g.  The children wait on their sick mother hand and foot. 
6.   “Well, how much would just plain ice cream be?” the boy asked. “噢，那普通冰淇淋多少钱呢？”男孩问道。
*plain a. 纯的，不掺其他东西的
e.g.  She likes plain yoghurt. 
与之相似的还有straight whiskey（纯的，不掺水的威士忌）。
7.  He gave the waitress the correct amount, and she brought him the ice cream. 他给了女店员刚好35美分，女店员给他上了冰淇淋。
这两个并列句结构对仗，顾客与服务员，一个付钱，一个交货，似乎两讫了，互不相欠。你能猜得出女店员从这个小男孩身上期待得到什么呢？恐怕什么都没有。
*amount n. 数量
e.g. This amount should have been paid by October 10. 
该词的常用结构为a (large, etc.) amount of，后面接不可数名词。
e.g. They spent a considerable amount of money on cigarettes.  
8.  The waitress returned to clear the boy’s dish and when she picked it up, she felt something in her throat. 女店员过来收拾男孩用过的盘子，当她拿起盘子时，她的喉咙却有点哽咽。
pick up 收拾东西；拾起，捡起，抬起
e.g. The boy picked up the hat for the old man. 
*throat n. 咽喉，喉咙，嗓子 
e.g.  This medicine is effective for a dry sore throat. 
此处felt something in her throat其实是表示女店员受到某种刺激而激动，即后文中小男孩留给他小费的事。她因此对自己先前的无礼感到不安。
9.    She could hardly believe what she saw. There on the tray the boy had left two nickels and five pence. 她简直不敢相信自己看到的：就在男孩的托盘上，放着十五美分零钱。
△nickel n.（美国或加拿大的）五分硬币
e.g.  Rick found a nickel. 
*penny n.（美国或加拿大的）一分钱硬币
e.g.  Nothing for nothing and very little for a half penny. 
pence或pennies是 penny的复数形式。
10.  She realized that he had enough money for the sundae but gave it up so that he could leave her a tip. 这时她才意识到，其实男孩付得起冰淇淋圣代的钱，他没买是因为想省下钱给她小费。
*realize vt. 认识到，体会到
e.g.  But we should realize that it might result in some problems. 
realize在英式英语中写作realise，一般不用于进行时中。
e.g.  I suddenly realized that the boy was crying. 
该词还有比较正式的用法，意思为“实现、成就”。
e.g.  I always think about how to realize my nice dreams of life. 
realize的名词形式为realization。
so that与in order that意思相同，引导一个目的状语，用来对前面的行为进行说明，从句中常用情态动词。
e.g.  I deliberately didn’t have lunch so that I would be hungry tonight.
☆tip n. 小费
e.g.  It’s difficult to give appropriate tip in any country. 
tip还可作动词。
e.g.  I tipped the waitress 30% because she was so friendly. 
tip的另一个名词意义是“建议”，为可数名词。
e.g.  They gave us handy tips for decorating a small flat. 
Grammar
一般现在时
用来表示经常发生的动作或是经常存在的状态，常与一般现在时连用的频度副词有always，usually，often，sometimes，occasionally，seldom，rarely，never，ever等。在特殊情况下，一般现在时也可以表示将来和过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般过去时
表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last week，yesterday，a few minutes ago，just now等。一般过去时还可以用来表示现在（尤其用于表示委婉语气）或用于其它特殊情况。
一般将来时
用来表示将来要发生的动作或情况。常和tonight，tomorrow，next week，next year，in three days等状语连用。一般将来时用助动词shall构成疑问句时，可表示委婉语气或征询意见。