英语单项知识的讲解与练习(73).docx

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（73）
361. bond的用法
bond (n/ v)债券、契约、联结、粘合剂；
例句：
①An industrial firm issues bond to collect money and will pay back with interest.工厂发行债券集资并偿还利息。
②Marriage should be a permanent bond.婚姻应该是永恒的结合。
③The company refused to bond a former criminal.这家公司拒绝为一个前科罪犯作保。
④I use water resistant adhesive to get the best bond possible.我使用防水粘合剂，以获得最佳连结性。
⑤In the ethyne molecule, a double bond links together the two carbon atoms.在乙烯分子中是由一个双键将两个碳原子连结在一起的。
短语：burst one’s bonds赢得自由；enter into a bond with sb与某人订契约； in bonds 在拘留中，在保税仓库中；strengthen bonds 加强联系；buy a bond 购买债券；out of bond指进口货物出关栈
用法：①bond作名词，前加in，表示“被扣在海关仓库中”，为商务用语。如：The goods are in bond; on paying the duty you can get the goods out of bond.
②bond多用作可数名词,作“联系,连接”解时常用于复数形式; 作“连接,接合”解时常用于单数形式。
③bond有时还可用作动词,作“(使)接合,(使)黏合”解。如:You need a strong adhesive to bond plastic to metal.需要强力胶才能把塑料粘在金属上。
练习：
①The bond of true affection had pulled us—six very different men from six very different countries—across Antarctica; we proved in the end that we weren’t very different ____.
A. after all B. as usual C. in particular D. for all
②The authorities ____ tourists from visiting the secret factory.
A. banged B. bound C. bonded D. banned
③This is the military ________. Nobody is allowed to get in without permission.
A.bond  B.zone  C.butter  D.zoo
④Common interests formed a bond _____ us.
A. of B. with C.between D.for
⑤If the students can not support themselves during their study in university, they may ask for a student _______ from the government.
　A.menu B.spoon C.loan D.bond
⑥This is the military ________. Nobody is allowed to get in without permission.
A.bond B.zone C.butter D.zoo
⑦I’m _______ you’ve made the right choice.
A. bond B.confident C.double D.gravity

362. brand的用法
brand (n)商标、牌子、烙印；
例句：
①She's gone over to a milder brand of cigarettes.她已改吸另一牌子味道较淡的香烟。
②He has his own brand of humor.他有他独特的幽默感。
③The ceiling is pasted with labels of liquor brand .天花板上贴了许多酒类商标。
④Those who have triumphantly withstood such strains may brand his name.那些成功地经受了严峻考验的人们或许会污辱他的名声。
⑤It's unfair to brand all football fans as troublemakers.把所有的球迷都当成闹事者是不公平的。
短语：be branded on sb’s memory铭刻在某人的记忆中；a brand from the burning因忏悔而得救的人；
用法：①brand的宾语后接as，表示“指为、使显得”。如：They branded him as a liar. 其宾语后接on，表示“铭记”。如：Brand the lesson on your mind.
②brand用作动词的基本意思是“打烙印于,以烙铁打”,用于比喻可作“铭刻”解,引申可表示“加污名于,谴责”。brand可接名词或代词作宾语,也可接以as〔for〕短语充当补足语的复合宾语, as〔for〕有时可省略。
练习：
①It is said that about 60% of housewives have a brand　_____before entering the store.
A. in mind B. on sale C. in possession D. on purpose
②Beyonce, a leading　_____in the music industry, gave birth to her daughter last Saturday.
A. statue B. figure C. brand D. attraction
③As an author who was in a period when the new and the old interlaced, Cervantes had a brand _____ two ages inevitably.
A. in B. for C. of D.from
④The salesman tried to fob off an inferior brand _____ us. 
A. for B.between C.in D.on

363. brilliant的用法
brilliant 聪明的、杰出的、耀眼的；
例句：
①He has got brilliant achievements in the field of physics.他在物理学方面已经取得了卓越的成就。
②The brilliant sun lit up their rooms.灿烂的阳光照亮了他们的屋子。
③The novel is considered a brilliant performance这部小说被认为是出色的佳作。
④She's brilliant but self-effacing.她才华横溢而不露锋芒。
短语：a brilliant example光辉的榜样；brilliant leadership英明的领导；
用法：brilliant后接at，有时接in，表示“擅长”。如：He’s brilliant at organizing things/ in this respect（在这方面才华出众）.
比较：bright, clever, wise, brilliant, intelligent, ingenious, smart, shrewd
这些形容词均含有“聪明的”之意。
bright:口语常用词，多指年轻人，尤指小孩思路敏捷，理解力强，机灵等。
clever:强调头脑灵活，接受新事物快，有智有谋，但不一定暗示全面妥当地考虑问题。
wise:侧重不是一般的聪明伶俐，而是有远见，有智慧，能明智地处理问题。
brilliant:指人的才华出众，思路敏捷，常令人赞叹不已。
intelligent:正式用词，指在理解新的、抽象东西或处理解决问题时，智力超过一般常人。
ingenious:指思路敏捷，并暗示有创造与发明的才能和技巧。
smart:普通用词，与bright和clever的意思很相近，但更强调机灵。
shrewd:指精明老练有头脑，善于判断和把握有利机会。
练习：
①Egyptian leaders called for _____talks among the country’s political parties to end the deepening political crisis.
A. confident B. brilliant C. generous D. urgent
②The noble lady was brilliant _____ jewels.   
A. for B.with C. in D. on
③She is brilliant _____ language.   
A. in B. for C.at D. of
④The lights were _____ brilliant.
A. far too B. far C. too D. Very much

364. but的用法
but但是、除了；
用法： ①作连词，可以连接两个并列成分或两个并列分句，意为“但是，然而”。如：He is young but very experienced.他虽然年轻，但很有经验。注意：but不能与though/although连用。 　　
②作介词，常与nothing, nobody, who, all等连用，意为“除……之外”。如：We had nothing to do but wait. 除了等待之外，我们一筹莫展。 　　
③作副词，意思接近于only，意为“只不过”。如：She is but a young girl. 她只不过是一个小女孩儿。 　　
④掌握but的一些其他用法： 　　1）用于表示歉意的话语后，引起一个分句，but本身无意义。如：I’m sorry, but I think you are wrong when you say she did it willingly.抱歉，你说她情愿做那件事，我觉得你搞错了。 　　 　　

2) 用在否定句后，引起一个分句，but意为“每当……总是……”。如：It never rains but it pours.不下则已，一下倾盆；事情总是接踵而至。 　　
3) but for(后常接名词、代词)或but that...意为“要不是……”，句子（主句）常用虚拟语气。 如：But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan.要不是你，我们不可能完成那项计划。John would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.要不是约翰当时缺钱，他一定会帮助我们的。 　　
4) not that...but (that)...不是…而是…… Not that I don’t want to go, but that I have no time.不是我不想去，而是我没时间。 　　　
5) all but 除了…都，几乎,差不多His letter is all but finished. 他的信快写完了。 　　
6)在nothing but中后接名词，表示“不以为然、厌烦”等语气。He is nothing but a student. 在anything but中后接形容词或名词，常用于避免正面的陈述。如：He is anything but（决非）a clever man. 后接动名词或不定式，取决于but的宾语与句子的哪个部分相当。如：He thinks of nothing but making money./ He lives for nothing but to make money.
除以上谈到的外，我们常见的but的惯用法还有：can not help but do 不能不，只能；not only...but also...不但……而且……,等等。
练习：
①____ and friends should be few but good. (prov.)
A. Money B. Jobs C. Books D. Interests
②Take the orange and ____ it not in half, but into quarters.
A. separate B. divide C. part D. divorce
③Hearing the sad news that she lost the game, Jane’s mother couldn’t help _____.
A. a cry B. to cry C. crying D. but bursting into tears
④In the college entrance examination, one of my students did very well _____ poor handwriting.
A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for
⑤It is raining now. We have no choice _____ at home.
A. but stay B. but to stay C. but staying D. and stay
⑥—What a pity; I _____ broke the record.
—It doesn’t matter. Try again next time.
A. all over B. all but C. hardly D. already

365. cater的用法
cater (v)备办食物、投合；满足
例句：
①Our hotel also caters for weddings and parties.本饭店也承办婚礼、宴会。
②These hotels cater especially to foreign tourists.这些旅馆专门为外国游客提供服务。
③They only publish novels which cater to the mass market.他们只出版迎合大众市场的小说。
④TV programs must cater for many different tastes.电视节目必须满足观众的不同爱好。
短语：cater wedding 承办婚宴；cater for〔to〕提供饮食及服务,迎合；catering for sth 迎合满足…的需求；
用法：cater后接for或to，表示“供应食物、迎合”。如：Weddings and parties are catered for./ These hotels cater to high-class tourists.
练习：
①More than 85 percent of French Canada's population speaks French as a mother tongue and ____ to the Roman Catholic faith.
A. caters B. adheres C. ascribes D. subscribes
②We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.
A. dedicate　 B. cater　 C. ascribe D. cling
③To our puzzlement, the written record of our conversation doesn’t _____what was actually said.
A. submit to B. correspond with
C. contribute to D. cater to
④Each member country of WTO must　_____its laws and regulations and compete on the principle of fairness and cooperation.
A. cater to B. correspond to C. relate to D. submit to

Keys:
361. ADBCCBB
362. ABCD
363. DBCA
364. CBCBBB
365. BABD