高考完型技巧.docx

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z完形高分策略（Skills of Cloze Tests）
（课时1－5）
一、高考完形填空命题趋势
选材特点: 以记叙文为主, 多以记叙文和夹叙夹意为主
命题特点: (1) 设空特点: 名词\ 动词(5-8个)为主
(2) 考点层次分三部:
里边层次：(语篇层次30%以上)体现了突出语篇的命题思路
句子层次：(占70%左右)
单词层次：(只须读懂单词所在句子就能做,分数较少)
(3)考查重点: 短文第一句不设问.
高考完形填空题型特点
1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合; 2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;
3. 首句完整, 主题明确;
4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;
5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;
6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;
7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;
8. 常识语法, 每年出现。
完型填空 之能力训练目标：
1.词语辨析能力
2.语法结构分析能力
3.语篇理解能力
4.逻辑推理能力
5.文化背景透析能力
6.作者意图剖析能力
8.生活常识综合运用能力
二、考生易失分之处：
1、忽视行文逻辑，断章取义，就题论题。
2、脱离语境，滥用固定搭配。
3、缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解中西文化的差异。
做题三忌：
v 急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。
v 只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。
v 断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。

三、做题三步法方法：

四、巧解完形填空——高分技巧
1、研究首尾——找主题
2、上下联系——寻信息
3、左顾右盼——找搭配
4、思前想后——觅逻辑
5、语境分析——辨词义
6、集中精力——破难题
7、回读检查——补漏洞
1、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）
2、打好语法基础 （固定搭配）
3、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）
4、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好
5、多做多练，以提高实战能力

How to get high scores？
1. 正确的答题步骤2. 必要的答题技巧3. 适量的实践训练
九大方法巧解完形
一、利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择
I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was   36   and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ”   
A. bright       B. useless        C. simple      D. hopeful
二、根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题
Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was  37 . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best.   
37. A. strict       B. honest       C. special    D. learned
38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise
Practice：
His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight.
43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked
44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker
三、利用语篇标志解题（三找）
常见的标志性的词语有以下几种：结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：besides, what’s more, further;转折关系：but, while, however, on the other hand等。
She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) 41 vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed.
A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important
1、找逻辑关系题（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进）
2、找NOT题（在原文中找not）
句式结构：前面肯定后面否定、前面否定后面肯定，则选对立关系的词。
考点：（以下条件缺一不可）
①考查的是一个肯定句和否定句之间的逻辑关系，空前后必须是独立的句子；
②出题位置在两个句子之间或第二个句子的开头，不能处在一个句子的末尾或中间；
③选项中必须要有对立关系的词。
3、找AND题（在原文中找and）
考点：
①and前后选同义词，词性一致；
②and前后选同一范围词；
③and前后句子对应成分相同；
④在文章中，并列关系词前后如果出题，利用已知关系解题。
3、找同现复现原则
Liumei is among the __22__ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted (答应给）Liu a full scholarship --- HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate.
22. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent
Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. … Some of us like __2__ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer both.
Having similar friends has many advantages. …
2. A. true B. right C. same D. similar
四、根据逻辑推理解题
…and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange___quite pleasant taste.
A. besides B. but C. and D. or
五、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择
The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.               
A．dry       B．distant        C．deserted        D．wild
六、从语法角度来解题
I went into a café and asked for a coffee .   21   I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed  22 (loneliness).
A．Before        B．Since        C．Although       D．While
Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut?
23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared
解题思路：利用语法分析解题，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句had kept是过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。
七、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题
1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he shouldn’t have gone into that place.
1.A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all
八、从词语辨析的角度来解题
When, two weeks later, I 38 this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should 9(enjoy) this country as the son of a minister.
A. ran after B. ran into C. ran over D. ran to
九、同义近义复现来解题
I believe that a mixture of friends is equally advantageous. One can ___7___ from various sorts of friends in three aspects. First, frequent contacts with different friends broaden my world outlooks. Just as various kinds of nutriments keep you healthy, making a __8__ of friends keep you lively. … Secondly, I have found that different friends can not only lead to new adventures but also show me new avenues to success in life. …
7. A. obtain B. benefit C. suffer D. earn
8. A. range B. series C. quantity D. variety

完型填空实战四招：
抓首——抓住首句,预测全文。
完形填空所选短文多没有标题,但一般首句是一个不设空(或较简单)的完整的句子,往往用以点明短文的体裁,如议论、说明或叙述等。因此,我们在解题时一定要注意以首句的时态、语态及表述方式为立足点来进行逻辑思维,判断文章体裁,找出文章中心。
捕眼——捕捉题眼寻找契机
所谓“题眼”,就是指那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词以及能够帮助我们解决问题问题的特定的语境。捕捉题眼,就是要迅速找到语篇中的特殊的内在联系——那些表示因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的连接词及动词、形容词、副词、同位语等,还有那些明确具体的事实(如时间、地点、人物、形状、色彩、顺序),以及它们之间的关系等。
跳身——避难就易,节省时间
在解题过程中,我们应该遵循“先易后难”的原则,遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊不前。为了不影响做题速度,我们可以暂时跳过难点,去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接具体的问题。或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或明确的表示,或许一个在前面不能解的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。一般说来,固定词组、习惯搭配、常见句型及明显的语法结构等易于判断。
扫尾——复读全文,解决残敌
到了这时,借助已经补全的空白,我们应该对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题,如采用排除法逐步缩小包围圈等方法。对于实在无从下手的个别题目,我们则完全可以凭语感来确定：
把几个选项逐一放在空格内念两遍,哪个念起来顺口、舒服就选哪个。注意：凭语感选定的答案不要轻易改动,因为最初的感觉很可能是正确的。
在各空都已填出后,再复读全文。我们必须重视这最后的弥补疏漏,改正错误的扫尾机会,以争取最好成绩。
真题实战演练
一、（2011·全国新课标卷）完形填空（ 共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分 ）
In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory__36__（同义复现）course about 20 years ago.（记叙文，回忆、人物、时间、事件education）
The professor __37__the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans（豆）, and invited the students to _38_（同义复现）how many beans the jar contained. After __39__shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the __40__ answer,（与前面wrong 相对应）and went on saying, ”You have just __41__an important lesson about science. That is: Never__42__ your own senses.”
Twenty years later, the __43__（上文提到的人物）could guess what the professor had in mind. He __44__himself, perhaps,as inviting his students to start an exciting __45__(概括的是答案)into an unknown world invisible（无形的）to the 46 ,which can be discovered only through scientific 47 .But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or顺接关系）even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world. And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 .The professor, however, 与小女孩的观点相反的said that it was 52（与51相对）.he was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute. “I remember feeling small and 54 ,”（找and）the women says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”（找否定词）
36．A. art B. history C. science D. math
37．A. searched fo B. looked at C. got through D. marched into
38．A. count B. guess C. report D. watch
39．A. warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to
40．A. ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult
41．A. learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken
42．A. lose B. trust C. sharpen D. show
43．A. lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman
44．A. described B. respected C. saw D. served
45．A. voyage B. movement C. change D. rush
46. A. professor B. eye C. knowledge D. light
47. A. model B. senses C. spirit D. methods
48. A. hear B. make C. present D. refuse
49. A. suggesting B. beginning C. pretending D. waiting
50. A. believed B. doubted C. proved D. explained
51. A. growth B. strength C. faith D. truth
52. A. firm B. interesting C. wrong D. acceptable
53. A. task B. tool C. success D. connection
54. A. cruel B. proud C. frightened D. brave
55. A. dropped B. started C. passed D. missed
高考英语完型填空实战演练二 （ 共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分 ）
Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream.
Although the cat doesn’t 16 this, its body is getting ready for action.
If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.
18 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 19 changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 20 run.
Human beings, 21 , have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 , we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger, or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn’t always 24 to express your feelings freely.
Does this mean that it’s smarter always to 25 our feelings? No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . Physical illnesses can develop. It can actually be 28 for your health.
Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside, don’t just 29 . It’s like you bought some bananas and stuck them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but 30 you’d smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, you’d 31 little fruit flies hovering (盘旋) all over them. They’d be rotten.
You can try to treat emotions 32 they were bananas in the cupboard. You can 33 they don’t exist, but they’ll still be 34 . And at last you’ll have to 35 them. Just like those bananas.
16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember
17. A. save B. help C. defend D. hide
18. A. Truly B. Frequently C. Similarly D. Differently
19. A. chemical B. physical C. health D. ill
20. A. and B. or C. but D. yet
21. A. therefore B. but C. besides D. however
22. A. take off B. take on C. take over D. take up
23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared
24. A. useful B. right C. easy D. wise
25. A. handle B. hurt C. hide D. prevent
26. A. keep B. find C. control D. let
27. A. relaxed B. tense C. same D. different
28. A. good B. harmful C. helpful D. useful

29. A. go away B. go on C. go up D. go out
30. A. long before B. as usual C. before long D. right away
31. A. meet B. observe C. catch D. see
32. A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though
33. A. pretend B. expect C decide D. assume
34. A. in B. around C. over D. beyond
35. A. eat up B. deal with C. throw away D. send out

Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”, but have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood- stream.
Although the cat doesn’t 16 this, its body is getting ready for action.
If the danger continues, this animal will do one of the two things. It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.
16. A. mind B. admit C. realize D. remember
解题思路：题眼法\代入法
捕捉题眼，寻找契机：所谓“题眼”就是解题线索，就是那些原句中出现的、对解题起重要暗示作用的关键词。找准关键词语,有时题干中带有对解题起着关键作用的词语，如果能迅速找准这些词语，再结合各选项的意义和特点，就能很快选出正确答案。
17. A. save B. help C. defend D. hide
解题思路：没有同义复现或固定搭配，考虑概括的是解。
并列结构法: 根据文章中表示并列关系的连词或副词如:and/also/or或逗号“，”等，它们的提点是and前后的成分结构相似，意义相关，再做出准确判断。
18 , when people are excited, angry, scared, or aroused by other emotions, our bodies also go through many 19 changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves 20 run.
18. A. Truly B. Frequently C. Similarly D. Differently
解题思路：前后呼应法\代入法
前后呼应法：做完形填空要始终抓住文章本身，联系“双语境”判断做题，即大语境——全文中心和基调；小语境——空格前后所构成的语意环境；再根据前有伏笔，后有呼应的思路做题。
句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。
如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有： firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；
  表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有： thus, therefore, so等；
  表示改变话题的语篇标志语有： by the way等；
 表示递进关系的语篇标志语有： besides, what’s more, further等；
  表示时间关系的语篇标志语有： before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等。
19. A. chemical B. physical C. health D. ill
解题思路：摆脱思维定势，排除“陷阱” chemical， 后提示句Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense.都是physical。
20. A. and B. or C. but D. yet
解题思路：与前面句子It will 17 itself, or it will run away as fast as it can. 同义复现。
同义复现：是英语中常见的一种现象。为强调某一意思，但又不想重复使用某个词，文中前后两处会使用一组同义词或同义词组。由于在完形填空题中，这两个同义词的位置多半比较靠近，很容易找到。无须过多推理，只须确定相同的是哪个意思，然后找出选项中与之相符的一项即可。
Human beings, 21 , have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them 22 , we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger, or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 23 later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn’t always 24 to express your feelings freely.
21. A. therefore B. but C. besides D. however
解题思路：转折特点：
but转折法：文中一出现“but” “Although” “though” “however, “while”等词，应该马上想到前后语意有转折。只要知道其中一方的语意，就可以反向推出另一方的意思，从而解题。完形填空题中，but一词后多半会设题。所以，大家在考试时，只要看到but就做一个标记，遇到类似but这样表转折的词也同样处理。这样便于回到原文去寻找解题的依据。
22. A. take off B. take on C. take over D. take up
解题思路：and并列结构法,give way to的同义词let 。。take
23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared
解题思路：利用语法分析解题，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句had kept是过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。
24. A. useful B. right C. easy D. wise
解题思路：后暗示法，smarter的近义词是 。
利用暗示和对应解题：虽然重点是对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。

Does this mean that it’s smarter always to 25 our feelings? No! If you 26 feelings of anger, sadness, and bitterness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays 27 . Physical illnesses can develop. It can actually be 28 for your health.
25. A. handle B. hurt C. hide D. prevent
解题思路：同义复现法