研究生英语多维教程(熟谙)课后习题答案.doc

Unit One

Key
Vocabulary and Structure
A.
1. assess 2. alliance 3. outcome 4. ethical 5. identity 6. ambiguous
7. tolerable 8. participates 9. pursuit 10. constructive
B
1. at stake 2. were obliged 3. a climate of 4. feel well-equipped 5. beyond my grasp
6. cut back 7. other than 8. rise above 9. care about 10. is bounded
C.
1. incompetent 2. indulgence 3. migrants 4. probes 5. complex 6. suspense; engaged
7. compassionate ; committed 8. tolerant 9. tempted 10. interconnected
D.
1. A. Judging from 2. B. in/at which 3. C. and 4. D. believe 5. A. is one of /is that of
6. B. must get 7. C. likely 8. D. unemployed 9. C. as well as /and
E.
1. What 2. graduation 3. intend 4. getting 5. eventually 6. survey 7. although 8. graduates 9. to transfer 10. rise 11. attending 12. instead 13. cause 14. because 15. realistic 16. below 17. failure 18. expectations 19. confidence 20. education

Translation
A.阿洛德.汤恩比说过,一切进步,一切发展均来自于挑战由此引起的反映,没有发展,没有自由.所以,我们首先应该我们孩子的能力所允许的范围内为他们开设要求最严格、富有挑战性的课程.
我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们失败的权利.德.纽伊写到:“自由不仅是一种特权,也是一考验.”如果没有人可以失败,那它算什么考验,算什么自由呢?美国可以
向所有在高中读完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了. 我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里,我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识,而
现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准.这些话听起来很刺耳,但都是残酷的事实.如果我们剥夺了孩子们失败的权利,实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会.

B. Translate the following sentences into English
1.Today’s university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.
2. A man cannot realize his values without finding a center beyond himself. So the ideal undergraduate experience must help student transcend himself.
3. We eagerly hope that the lessons learned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education
4. It cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-year undergraduate experience is the only path to success in life.
5. We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiment , but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts.
6. Our task needs a large group of well-informed ,caring young people who can band together , learn from each other, and actively participate in the four modernizations.
7. If it is to endure, the new school should help students not only acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field, but also be ready to commit themselves to others.
8. It is not too much to say that if undergraduates excessively devote themselves to examinations, they will push competence and commitment to the fringes.
9. I didn’t even speak to him, much less discuss the reconstruction of your school with him.
10.Some people think examinations are important , but others think examinations have a lot of disadvantages. Examinations leave us an open essential question--- what influence do examinations exert on education.

Reading Practice
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. B

Unit two

Key to Vocabulary and Structure
A.
1.H 2.I 3.A 4.e 5.K 6. N 7. L 8.G 9.D 10 C
B. 1. perception 2. responsibility 3. organizational 4. marketing
5. strategies 6. assests 7.transitions 8. dilemma 9. Rivalry
10 compensation 11. whiz 12 invaluable
C. 1. A.justify B. justification C. justifiable D. justifiably E.justified
2. A. strategic B.strategy C. Strategics (or Strategy)
D. strategists E. strategized F. strategically
3. A.finance B. financial C. financier D. finance D. Financially
4. A. resentful B.resents C.resentment D.resentfully
5. A. perceive B. perception C.perceptible D.perceptive
E. perceptibly
6. A. diverse B. diversify C. diversity D. diversification
E. diversified
7. A. destroyed B.destructive C.destruction D. destructionist E.destroyers F.destroying G. destructible
8. A. markets B. marketable C. markets D.marketing E. marketer
9. A. prosperity B. prospering C. prosperous D. prosperously
10. A. derived B. derive C. derivative D. derivative
D. 1。A it even harder 2。A that 3。C not taking enough exercise
4.C to have gone back on 5.B functioning 6.D on
7.A object to seeing 8.B to go with it 9.A to expanding
10.A anxiously awaiting
E. 1. manufacturers 2. natural 3. treatment 4. experienced 5. approached 6. relatively 7.global 8. chained 9.sustainable 10. vision
11. extended 12.improving 13. accomplish 14. array
15. involvement 16. activity 17. rewarded 18. prosposals

19. domestic 20 competitors
Key to the Translation from English to Chinese:
Ａ
业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强，而且精力充沛。|| 他们往往擅长于多种技能。在很多情况之下，他们即是生产专家又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。|| 要接替他们的工作则需要很多的人。|| 因此家庭企业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定该企业怎样运作。|| 参予交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的组织构图。然后,对它们进行比较。|| 各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上分歧。
Ｂ
没有忠心耿耿雇员,很少企业能够发展壮大，|| 即使是家庭企业也是如此。这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要管理职务。|| 因此，应当将关于产业继承的长远计划随时通报给他们，|| 而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。|| 改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要部门经理,激发他们的积极性,使他们能为企业和业主的最大利益而工作
Key to the Translation from Chinese to English:
1. He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mention an excellent managing director.
2. Regardless of danger, volunteers from an Italian organization for peace have gone to Baghdad, the capital of Iraq, to form a "body shield" for the purpose of preventing the US from bombing the place.
3. Nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate business than Judy.
4. Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.

5. More often than not, Mr. Smith earns great profits by careful investment of his capital.
6. John did not make much of a mark in his studies at school, but he excelled at sports.
7.Orderly transition of responsibilities is a condition for the long-range prosperity of a family business.
8. You had better have a clear picture of prospects before formulating a plan for investment.
9. Although sculpture is a time-consuming art, there are still some people following it as a profession.
10. The software company is in the midst of being transformed from an individual proprietorship to a joint venture.
Key to Reading Comprehension
1. Because there were far fewer approaches having been used by executives than the author had hypothesized
2. The Strategy
3. It implies that these executives rarely promote young employees to key posts.
4. They encourage their employees to cultivate and improve their expertise believing that the cultivation and improvement to expertise is a source of competitive advantage.
5. The highly value those who are aggressive and independent and people who view their jobs and possibilities for advancement as opportunities that must be seized firmly.

Unit three
Key to the Translation from English into Chinese
A.
　　在历史上，吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。这种美名可以追溯到二战期间，当时由威利斯公司提供的最初型号的吉普车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。
　　《麦氏汽车驾驶大全》一书认为，“吉普”这个名字起源于美国军队决定把这种车辆叫做GP（for General Purpose）即多功能车之意。而后，GP这两个字母的读音被误发成为“吉普”，并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。
　　1988年吉普为克莱斯勒公司所有，此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备，提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争年代享有的盛名以及其坚固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平时期树立其作为休闲娱乐车的新形象。该公司说，吉普为休闲，越野车开发了新市场，它有强劲的4轮牵引装置（商业上称为4轮驱动），过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。

B.　Key to the Translation from Chinese into English.
1.The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.
2. We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transit systems because 　　cars pollute and maim or even kill people.
3. While wheels (automobiles) have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, 　　such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.
4. Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.
5 If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.
6. A highly developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to coast in the United States.
7. The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only 　　recently been torn up to lay drainpipes not long ago.
8. Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the production of dirty air.
9. Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of 　　convenient public transportation.
10. Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut 　down on traffic congestion.

Suggested Key to Vocabulary and Structure
A. 1 d 2 - f 3 - j 4 - a 5 - i6 - h 7 - g 8 - e 9 - c 10- b
1. mobility 2. toll 3. accommodate 4. landscape 5. sprawled
6. implement 7. legitimate 8. transit 9. electrified 10. pickup
B.1. Integral 2. better off 3. sprawling 4. emissions 5. metropolitan
6. ban 7. commuters 8. clutter 9. accommodate 10. 　displaced
C.1. from coast to coast 2. the great unwashed 3.revere 4.denounce 5. tore up
6. Short of 7. are noted for 8. constriction 9. was guilty of 10. well off
D.1. C. overcrowded 2. B. worthy 3. A. sitting 4. D. recovered 5. D. in nonsmokers and nondrinkers 6. D. poured 7. B. unaware of 8. C. recent
9. C. out of the question 10. B. understands
E.1. move 2. drive 3. down 4. wheels 5. out 6. without 7. majority 8. imagine 9.realize 10. plagued 11. burns 12. that 13.to 14. 　what 15. But 16.done
17. altogether 18.on 19. electricity 20. practical
Key to Reading Practice:
1B 2A 3D 4C 5D

Unit four
Key to exercises:
Vocabulary and Structure
A. 1) a. coercive b. coerced 2) a. preoccupation b. preoccupied
3) a. reluctant b. reluctance 4) a. adolescent b. adolescence
5) a. implication b. implicit 6) a. ambivalence b. ambivalent
7) a. maintenance b. maintainability 8) a. privacy b. private
9) a. enthusiasm b. enthusiasts
10) a. tolerance b. tolerable
11) a. statistics/statisticians b. statistics 12) a. rational b. rationality

B. 1.cared for 2. in terms of 3. lies behind 4. rings a bell
5. passed on to 6. went against 7. lining up 8. chiming in
9. am open to 10. brought up

C.1. have → has 2. that prevailed → that had prevailed
3. associating → associated 4. raise → raising
5. on → to 6. are → is 7. reluctance → willingness
8. have → having 9. are the center → are not the center
10. This reflects → This is reflected

D.1. Adolescents 2. involved 3. fact 4. Therefore 5. common 6. or 7. employed 8. fewer 9. negative 10. contribute 11. Studies 12. people 13. tend 14. drop 15. grown

Translation A

一些观察家提出，我们现在看到的，也许根本就不是什么真正的变革；像性革命一样，它不是真正的行为革命，而是表达方式的改变。 || 康涅狄格州的一位精神分析师说，“也许，一个一直存在的、有自身特点的群体，如同性恋者，现在从隐蔽处走了出来。|| 这个时代的精神，就是干你自己的事而不是对其加以掩饰。这些人所反映的，是越来越坦率公开，而不是什么真正的变革。

在过去几十年间，人们逐渐明白了这一事理：对极少数美国妇女来说，传统的深居简出的母亲角色，已经变得难以接受了。在许多人眼里，家庭的重要性正在日益减轻。妇女的教育程度的提高，是造成这一变化的重要因素。如今，80%以上的妇女完成了四年的中学学业；而在1940年，完成这一阶段学习的妇女仅占30%。美国妇女现在平均推迟一年结婚的事实，也与此有关。20至24岁的未婚妇女的比例，从1960年的28%上升到20世纪70年代中期的40%。和60年代的情况相比，现在的人们推迟了生育时间，婚后两年内生第一胎的妇女减少了10%。此外，没有孩子的妇女，也越来越多。工作、晚婚、无子女，是近年来妇女角色的基本改变。

Translation B 
1. Some professional observers believe/think/hold that young people today/nowadays are no longer interested in politics and careers; rather/instead, they have become increasingly preoccupied with issues closer to themselves.

2. The higher a woman's educational attainment/The more education a woman receives, the more likely she is to go out of the private setting of the nuclear family and to realize/fulfill herself in the community/in society.

3. As far as I am concerned, what really lies behind the decision of some married couples not to start a family/not to have children/to remain childless is that they are so narcissistic and have no margin of love to spare others.

4. The company put on the market a registered/patented invention without even getting the inventor's permission/approval, which goes against the Patent Law.

5. Urged by some other countries/nations, the United Nations has pressured the country to give up developing and using nuclear weapons.

6. According to the rule that every member should remain/be childless, the Whites have no alternative but to withdraw from the Non-Parent Association, for they will attain parenthood/become parents soon.

7. He expects/wishes/hopes to reveal, by presenting a soap opera, the complexities implicit in real life.

8 In virtually every country, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and child abuse loom as the most challenging social problems.

9. When interviewed/In the interview, these elderly people/senior citizens rationalized why they were ambivalent about today's young people/youth.

10. Many/Quite a few college students are far more concerned with how to get/land a highly-paid job upon graduation and how to receive a quick promotion in the competitive society.

Reading
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A

Unit six

 Key to the translation from English to Chinese:
A:
正如诗人埃德蒙.斯宾塞在将近四百年前所说的那样，大自然是“最伟大的女神”。她似乎担任了上帝驻地球的总督的职务。斯宾塞把她描写成一位母亲和法官。|| 她管辖着所有的生物之间的往来，并不分厚薄地给予他们权利，因为她是一位公正的母亲。她把他们紧密地联结在一起，就象兄弟姐妹。|| 因而，在斯宾塞看来，生物繁殖及生物秩序的自然规律与公正原则显而易见地是联系在一起的。当我们得知斯宾塞认为大自然也具有公正原则的时候我们或许有点吃惊。|| 然而，斯宾塞不仅以人类的手足之情而是以所有生物的手足之情为依据来坚持自然界有这么一位“公正的”法官。要是在当今，我们会说斯宾塞是以生态学作为其可靠依据的。
 B. 如果我们人类和大自然的固有关系不是相互对抗的，那么，它又是什么样的一种关系呢？|| 对我们来讲，这个变得相当复杂难解，因为正如我先前所讲过的那样，我们中没有人想在未经开发的原始森林里或在未经改造的原始大草原上生活，我们不想被大灰熊吃掉。|| 假如我们是园艺家，我们有正当的理由去抱怨园内的杂草。在肯塔基州，如果我们准备改良牧场，我们就很可能成为那一片随风摆动的大蓟的敌人。|| 但是，如果我们还随心所欲，想做什么就做什么，那么，我们就会对那些曾经被我们砍伐破坏了的原始森林和草原着迷，我们会一而再而三地想起它们，想起那些幸存的原始森林和原始草原。|| 我们还会感到大灰熊深深地吸引着我们。我们知道，在整个人类时期我们会一直想起大灰熊及其他一些危险动物。
Key to the translation from Chinese to English:
1. Most conservationists believe that humans thrive best in ecological health and that the sign of this health is the survival of a diversity of wild animals.
2. Mr. Smith produced abundant evidence to indicate that we, to some extent, diminish ourselves if we diminish nature.
3. Many cities in Western countries have switched to a new gasoline formula that reduces the pollution content. This is also true of some cities in China.
4. As depicted in a poem written by the English poet Edmund Spenser, nature is not only a mother but a judge, having jurisdiction over and doing justice to all creatures
5. A government study concludes that besides overcrowding and poor public transport, the biggest problems the city is up against are noise and pollution.
6. Unlike all other creatures, humans have the ability to act on their judgment/ understanding
7. Don't you agree with the statement that health without wealth is preferable to wealth without health?
8. Even those defenders of industrial economy have to acknowledge openly that any conflict between humans and nature often occurs at the expense of both.
9. If your friend kindly points out