人教版七年级上册英语语法和练习(4).doc

七年级上册英语语法和练习
一、代词
1、 人称代词和物主代词
英语的人称代词有三种不同的人称形式：第一人称；第二人称；第三人称。三种人称又各有单、复数形式。在上列人称代词的不同形式中，还包含了主格、宾格两种“格”的形式。这样，从“格”的形式来划分，英语的人称代词又可归纳为：
主格：I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they
宾格：me，you，him，her，it，us，you，them
此外，还有所有格形式。属格：my，mine，your，yours，his，her，hers，its，our，ours，their，theirs 属格又可分为两类：一类是形容词性物主代词（my，your，his，her，its，our，their）即 “物主限定词”；另一类是名词性物主代词（mine，yours，his，hers，ours，theirs），即 “物主代词”。

人
称
代
词

第一人称
第二人称
第三人称

单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
主格
I
we
you
you
she\ he\ it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
her\ him\ it
them
物
主
代
词
形物代
my
our
your
your
her \his\ its
their
名物代
mine
ours
yours
yours
hers/his/its
theirs
人称代词用法：
（1） 人称代词主格：做主语，表示谁怎么样了，干什么了。
I am a teacher.
You are student.
He is a student , too.
We/You/They are student.
（2） 人称代词宾格：作宾语，表示动作行为的对象，一般放在动词的后面。
Give it to me.
Let’s go.(let’s=let us)
（3） 形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their名词。
（4） 而名词性物主代词（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，故其后不必加名词。如：
-Is this your book?
-No,it isn’t,it’s hers(her book).[it’s Jim’s,it’s Tom’s.......]
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
　　为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。例：My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.
练习：
1.________(我) am a teacher.
2.My father is talking with _______(我).
3.This is _______(我的) book.
4._______(他的) chair is blue.
5._______(我们的) classroom is big.
6._______(他) often plays basketball after school.
7._______(他的) teacher is good.
8._______(我们) buy a pair of shoes for _______(他).
9.Please pass_____(我们) the ball.
10._______(他们) are listening to the radio.
11.________(我) am a teacher.
12.This is _______(她的) bag. That is__________(他的)
13._______(他的) cap is blue. _____________( 我们的) are yellow.
14.Our chair is better than _________ ( they).
15.I will give the presents to________(they).
16.These books are________(I), and those are____(you).
17.My ruler is long. ________ ( you ) is short.
18.My bike is broken. May I borrow______ ( she)?
19.Can you show _______(I) your book?
20.It’s time for ______(they) to go home.
21.Mr. Green often tells _______(we) some stories.
22.These are not your desks. They are _____(our).
23.This is not my shirt. It’s _______(he)
24.I saw ________(she) in the shop yesterday.
人称代词和物主代词练习：
（一）用代词的适当形式填空。
1．There is a letter for________ (her 、hers) mother.
2．That is _____(she ) coat. The coat is red.  ___(it)is a new one.
3．Whose pens are these? _______(their) are ______ (we).
4．Give _______(he) a toy, please.
5．________(we) eyes are black.
6．Tim and Bill are twins. _________(them) parents are teachers.
7．Give the book to __________(I ).
8．These books are __________(we).
9．That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big.( I )
10．The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
11．Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
12．______ is my brother. name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _____. ( he )
2、指示代词
（1）this“这” ,其复数形式 these “这些” ,指代近处的人或物体 ;
（2）that“那” ,其复数形式 those“那些” ,指代远处的人或物。
3、指示代词 this that these those 作主语,一般疑问句的简略回答
（1）Is this / that your aunt ? Yes , it is . No , it isn’t .
简略回答时,用主格代词 it 代替
（2）Are these /those your uncles ? Yes , they are . No , they aren’t .
简略回答时,用主格代词 they 代替
用所给的词选择填空
1、These are pens and ____ are pencils. (that, this, those)
2、Tom was sick yesterday. ______ is why he missed school. ( That, Those, These)
3、Which of______shirts are Tom's ( These, this, that)
4、This desk is mine, _____is hers. ( those, this, that)
5、The map of Beijing is better than ______of Tianjing. (this, that, these).
二、名词
名词: 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1、不可数名词:表示的事物,其数量不可以数清或者难以数清。例如:
l water “水” , “水”的数量不可以数清; rice “大米,谷粒” , 其数量难以数清。不可数名词用法上有两大特点:
l (1)、没有复数形式;
l (2)、不能用不定冠词 a / an 、基数词、many 修饰。
2、可数名词:表示的事物,其数量可以数清 。可数名词用法上的特点:
l (1)、有单数、复数两种形式;
l (2)、能用不定冠词 a / an 、基数词、many 修饰。
3、单数名词后加 s 或 es 变成复数名词。单数名词后加 s 或 es 的方法如下:
l (1)、 一般情况,名词后直接加 s (清辅音后读 / s /, 浊辅音后读/ z /)
例如: parents“双亲” ;aunts“阿姨” ;friends“朋友”
l (2)、以字母 e 结尾的名词,直接加 s (读 / z /) 例如:
uncles“叔叔” ;pictures“图画”
l (3)、以字母 O 结尾的名词,有的加 s ,有的加 es (读 / z /)
例如: photos“照片” ;tomatoes“西红柿” ;
l (4)、以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的名词,变 y 为 i,加 es (读 / z /)
例如:family → families; party → parties
l (5)、以 s x ch sh 结尾名词,直接加 es(读 / Iz/)
例如:buses“公共汽车” boxes“盒子” wishes“希望” watches“手表”
l (6)、少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,有特殊形式。
man → men woman → women people → people child—children
l (7)knife的复数形式是knives
l 4、名词所有格 :表示“某人的” , 名词 + ’ 或 ’s 构成 。其规则如下:
l (1)、一般情况下,名词后直接加 ’s: Jim’s (吉姆的); my mother’s(我的母亲的)
l 2、以 s 结尾的复数名词,直接加 ’: my friends’ (我的朋友的);his students’
l 3、一个人或物属各自所有，或者几个人共有,变成所有格。
l Jim’s and Kate’s aunts 吉姆的阿姨和凯特的阿姨
l Jim and Kate’s birthday 吉姆和凯特(共有)的生日
一、写出下列词的复数形式
am_________ is_________ he _________
she _______ it ________ that_________
this_________ you_________ pen_________
desk_________ key_________ orange_______
boy_________ friend_________ parent_________
class _________ child______ shelf _________
bed _________ radio_______ photo_______
tomato_______ woman _________ man _________ strawberry _________ dictionary _________ box _________ watch _________
二、选择填空
( )1.There ____ on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos
C. is a photo D. is photos
( )2. The old man wants_________ .
A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple
C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples
( )3. There _________two _________in the box.
A. is ,watch B. are ,watches
C. are , watch D. is , watches
( )4. The ____ meeting room is near the reading room.
A. teacher B. teacher’s C. teachers’ D. teachers
( )5.___ shirt is white.
A. My brother B. My brothers
C. My brother’s D. My brothers’
( )6. Today is September 10th. It is ____ Day.
A. Teachers B. Teachers’
C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s
( )7. It's June 1st, it's _______ Day.
A. Childrens B. Children‘s　
C. Childrens' D. Childrens's
( )8. This year, _______ is on May 9th.
A. my mother's birthday B. my mothers' brithday　
C. my mothers birthday D. my mothers's birthday
( )9. This is ___ .
A. Mike and Jim's bike　B. Mike's and Jim bike
C. Mike's and Jim's bike D.Mike and Jim bike
三、变换句型（把下列句子变为复数句）。
l This is my friend.
l 2. This is a table.
l 3.That is her brother.
l 4.This is a book.
l 5.That is an eraser.
l 6.It is a red orange.
l 7.He is a teacher.
l 8. What’s this? 　 　 　
四、按中文意思填空
l 1. _____________(李明的)parents work in a big hospital.
l 2. This is ________ (我妹妹的) Chinese book.
l 3. ____________ (我的姐姐和弟弟的)rooms are very nice.
l 4. __王平和王明的) father is a hotel manager.
l 5. Is this _________________(你的好朋友的)pen ?
l 6. They are_________________(Peter 和Sam的) teachers.
l 7. _____________(教师节) is on September 10th. .
l 8. ____________(学生们的) desks and chairs are very new.
l 9. _____________(赵敏的) shoes are white.
l 10. John和Sally的)mothers are American.
l 11. ________________(Tony哥哥的)computer is broken.
l 12、It’s _______________(妇女节) on March 8th.
三、冠词
只有不定冠词a (an)和定冠词the 三个，不用冠词叫零冠词。
1、不定冠词a和an ：
a用在辅音前，如 a pen a chair
an 用在元音前an old teacher an English book
注意辅音字母第一个音是元音的情况：Ff, Hh, Ll, Mm, Nn, Ss, Xx这七个字母的第一个音是元音在说一个字母时要用an ,如an“F” (一个F)
同时注意字母U,它是元音字母，但它的第一个音是辅音，因此说一个U，应为 a “U”
2、定冠词the：当一个名词第二次出现时前面用the 。
注意在三餐饭（breakfast、 lunch 、dinner ）前不用the ,月份和星期前都不用the ,体育活动的球类运动前面不用the 。
如:have dinner \ in January \ December \ Sunday \ play basketball
play tennis (volleyball \ soccer \ Ping Pong \ chess \ baseball)
3、如单数可数名词前有this、that、my等代词修饰时，则不再使用a或an。
冠词练习
l ( )1. There is _______ art room in the building.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
l ( )2. ----What color is _____ orange?
--- It’s ____ orange.
A. an, the B. /, an C. an, / D. /, the
l ( )3. There is___ “u” and ___ “s” in the word “rulers”.
A. a, a B. an, a C. a, an D. an, an
l ( )4. It’s not ____English book.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
l ( )5. I have ___ very interesting book.
It is about___ exciting game.
A. an, the B. the, a C. a, an D. a, a
l ( )6．Is that your ______ ?　
A．a picture B．picture
C．pictures D．nice pictures
l ( )7．Are ___ Kate’s ___?
A．this, book B．that，book
C．these，books D．those，book
l ( ) 8.That’s _________ art book.
A. an B. a C. the D are
四、数词
l 1、基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen
l 2、序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth
l 口诀：默写

数词练习
1、Mr Green has ______ ( two ) daughters .
2、Kate is Mr Green’s _____ ( one ) daughter.
3、There are ______ ( twelve ) months in a year.
4、March is the _______ ( three ) month of a year .
5、They have _____ ( twenty ) computers.
6、I can afford _______ ( eight ) sweaters .
7、 Mr Green’s ______ ( nine) store is very big .
8、----How old is your friend ?
----She is _______( 12)years old . .
9、----How old is her father?
---- He is _______(30) years old .
10. January the_______month of a year.
11、February the_______month of a year.
12、April the_______month of a year.
13、May the_______month of a year .
14、August the___month of a year.
15、December the_______month of a year.
五、介词
介词：本册的介词较少，主要用在介词短语里面，如
l on：on sale (销售) \ on April 8th, (在四月八日) \ on the desk (在桌子上) \ on TV (在电视上)
l in：in English (用英语) \ in the afternoon (在下午) \ in the case \box(在盒子里)
T-shirt in red (红色T恤) \in September (在九月)
be in our school music festival （参加我们学校的音乐节）
l at：call sb.at 3356 (拨打3356找某人) \ at your school (在你们学校里) \ at Huaxing Clothes Store （在华兴服装店）\ at a very good price (以非常优惠的价格) \ at six (六点钟) have a look at (看一看)
l of：a set of (一串…) \ the photo of your family (你的全家照) \ lots of =a lot of (许多) \
date of birth（birthday）(生日)
l with：with sb. (同某人一起) \ be good with (和…相处得好) \ help sb. with sth. (帮助某人做某事)
l for：thanks for =thank you for (谢谢某人的….) \ bag for sports (运动包) \ pants for $30 (卖30元的裤子) \ see for yourself (亲自看看) \ for girls (对女孩子来说) \ like sth. for lunch (喜欢吃……当作午餐)
l about：about Chinese history (有关中国历史)
l under：under the desk (在桌子下面)
六、形容词
本册所学的形容词不多，注意拼法和反义词
l big (small)\ long (short)\ sad (happy) \boring(interesting\funny )\exciting \difficult \relaxing \great\ healthy \old (new) \white (black)
七、副词
●副词：除疑问副词外，本册的副词有only too very well often also really
副词only often also really 等在句中的位置都是在行为动词前面或是系动词的后面。
注意几组词的区别：
1、too 和also ：too一般放在句子的末尾，also在行为动词前面或是系动词的后面。
2、well 和 good ：两个词都有“好”的意思，但well 是副词，而good 是形容词，well修饰动词，放在动词的后面，good 修饰名词，放在名词的前面。如play basketball well speak English well a good student Good morning
八、连词
连词：本册所学连词有and but or then
● and 连接两个词或两个句子，表示前后的句子意思顺接。
如：I like thrillers and I like action movies
● but 连接两个句子，表示后面意思转折。
如：He likes tomatoes but she doesn’t like potatoes.
●or 表示选择关系。
如：Can you play the piano or the violin?
● then表示动作的先后顺序。
九、动词及句型转换
l 1、 动词的种类(四类)
l （1）系动词：如 be动词(is am are)；become，sound等
l （2）情态动词如 can 、may、need；
l （3）助动词（ do does）；
l （4）行为动词如 take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、play、see、go、watch 等
l 2、 动词的第三人称单数（与名词的复数一样 ）
l 如 eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) is (are)
l 3、 动词的时态（一般现在时 ）
l （ 1）含有be动词的
l 有be动词的句子在变一般疑问句时，将be动词放到句首，（注意第一人称变为第二人称 )
Are you a Chinese boy ?
Is she twelve ?
Is he Tim’s brother ?
l 含有be动词的句子在变否定句时只须在“be 动词后+not”， 注意： some→any and→or
I’m not a Chinese boy.
She isn’t twelve .
He is not Tim’s btother .
l (2)含有情态动词的句子 （ can等，以can为例 ）,
She can play basketball.
His mother’s cousin can sing many English songs.
l 含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“情态动词放到句首”，
Can she play basketball ?
Can his mother’s cousin sing many English songs ?
l 含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上not 。
l 注意： some→any and→or
例：She can not play basketball .

His mother’s cousin can not sing many English songs .
l (3)含有行为动词的句子
We have many friends.
They watch TV at 7 in the evening .
The students take their books to school .
① 含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do.
Do you have many friends ?
Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?
Do the students take their books to school ?
②含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加don’t .
注意： some→any and→or
We don’t have many friends.
They don’t watch TV at 7 in the evening .
The students don’t take their books to school .
③ 含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要加s (或es)如：
She has a red pen .
He has eggs for breakfast .
Her mother buys a skirt for her .
l 含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变一般疑问句要“加does ,行为动词要还原”。
注意： some→any
Does she have a red pen ?
Does he have eggs for breakfast ?
Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?
l 含行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变否定句时“在行为动词前面加doesn’t , 同时原行为动词要还原”。 注意： some→any and→or
She doesn’t have a red pen .
He doesn’t have eggs for breakfast .
l 练习
(1)、在下面的题目中填上恰当的Be动词。
1. I ________ Kitty.
2. She _______ a student.
3. Jane and Tom _________my friends.
4. My sisters _______ tall.
5. I _______ at school now.
6. We ________ students.
7. They ________ in the zoo.
8. Yang Ling ________ ten years old.
9. Where ________ your friends?
10. How old __________ you?

11. I__________a student.
12. You ____ a doctor.
13.____she Kitty?
14. _____ you Chinese?
15. He _____ in Shanghai.
16. It_____ a car.
17. Here ______ my family photo.
18. ____ your mother in the room?
19. _____your friends in the room?
20. He ________ 15 years old now.
21. These _____ buses.
22. Those _____oranges.
l 练习：
1)His parents _______(watch) TV every night.
1) My brother _________(do) homework every day.
2)His parents _________ (not watch) every night.
2)My brother________ (not do) homework every day.
3)________his parents________(watch) TV every night?
Yes, they _____. \ No, they _______.
3)______ your brother ________（do）homework every day?
Yes, he______. \ No, he _________.
4)When________his parents ________(watch) TV?
They