Unit-3-Inventors-and-inventions-教案.doc

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
Ⅰ. 单元教学目标
技能目标Skill Goals
▲Talk about inventors and inventions
▲Learn about the stages used in scientific research
▲Learn to use the past participle as the attribute
▲Write an entry for an encyclopedia about some inventions
▲Write a letter asking for a job
Ⅱ. 目标语言

功
能
句
式

Make a telephone call
Hold the line, please.
Hang on, please.
Just a moment, please.
I’m sorry, but this phone is out of order.
I can’t get through. Sorry.
He / She isn’t him / her right now.
Can I ring back later?
I’ll ring him / her up again.
I must ring off now because...

词 汇
1． 四会词汇
patent, courtyard, walnut, distinguish, merciful, product, powder, perfume, stainless, cube, abrupt, convenient, caution, expectation, passive, merry, seize, criterion, valid, file, ripe, string, glue, freezing, greengrocer, identification, directory dial, rainfall, innocent, lantern, bear, jam, forehead, dynamic, dot, tap, wire, straw, current, helicopter, triangle, stable, associate, practical, refrigerator, court, extension, version, competence, jeep, personnel
2． 认读词汇
amphibious, Stephenson, George Stephenson, jelly, freezer, overnight, release, recognition, claim, rod, precede, Alexander Graham Bell, microphone, occasionally, multiple, Morse code, inspiration, reproduce, tetrahedron, invaluable, James Dyson
3．词组
call up, now and then, set about, in case, beaten track, dive into, set out (to do), hang on, get through, ring back, ring off
4．重点词汇
discovery, convenient, distinguish, application, expectation, importance, practical, bear
结
构
Appositive clause — that 可引导同位语从句

重
点
句
子
1. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. P20
2. Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. P20
3. The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. P21
4. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s. P21
5. He found that by pressing his lips against his mother’s forehead, he could make his mother understand what he was saying. P25
6. He designed a machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time. P25
7. Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life. P26
Ⅲ. 教材分析和教材重组
1. 教材分析
本单元以Inventors and inventions为话题，旨在通过单元教学，使学生了解发明和发现的区别，了解发明创造的过程和获得专利的条件，学习发明家的成功事例；能灵活运用基础句型描述中外古代和现代发明，谈论不同发明的优缺点及其现实意义；根据不同问题及条件设计、改进发明并阐述自己的观点；能写一封有创新的求职申请，阐述自己的特长和优势，能对别人的发明、创造或观点提出意见或建议；并能运用所学知识利用现实生活中有限材料进行发明创造。
1.1 Warming Up 提供了三幅不同发明或发现的图片，让学生运用已有的知识和经验，区分发明和发现的不同含义；并能与同伴合作描述现代发明在现实生活中的作用。
1.2 Pre-reading要求学生将课本所列关于进行科学研究或发明创造所必须经历的几个阶段（步骤或过程）进行正确的排序。了解每一项发明在得到社会承认前都必须经历一个过程。
1.3 Reading是一篇记叙性的文章。作者在文中详细介绍了从发现问题（snake trouble）、分析问题（products that might help）到解决问题（remove the snakes）的全过程，并介绍了专利申请方面的一些知识。
1.4 Comprehending第一个训练题要求学生根据课文内容回答问题；第三个训练，题要求学生运用科学步骤设计一项发明解决课本所提供的三个问题，并与同学交流观点。
1.5 Learning about Language分两部分。第一部分要求学生利用填空、改写句子的方式复习所学词汇及表达法。第二部分重点练习过去分词作定语的用法。
1.6 Using Language分成四部分。第一部分Reading要求学生阅读一篇介绍发明家Alexander Graham Bell的文章并回答有关问题，了解电话发明者贝尔的发明及其成功的原因。第二部分Listening and speaking 是一段关于Zhou Rui对一家发明公司的工程师进行电话采访的听力材料。要求学生掌握电话交谈常用表达；并在此基础上进行角色扮演活动，即求职者与公司考核人员之间的电话交谈。第三部分Writing要求学生写一封求职信，列举自己的优势、特长和工作经历向这家发明公司提出求职申请。
2． 教材重组
2.1 从话题内容及训练目的分析，Warming Up与Speaking和Workbook中的TALKING相一致，可将这三部分整合在一起，设计成一节任务型“口语课”。
2.2 将Listening and speaking和Workbook中的LISTENING, LISTENING TASK整合在一起，设计成一节“听力课”。
2.3 可将Pre-reading, Reading和Comprehending三个活动整合在一起上一节“阅读课（一）”。
2.4 可将Learning about Language 与Workbook中的USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS, USING STRUCTURES整合在一起，上一节“语法课”。
2.5 可将Using Language中Reading和Workbook中READING TASK整合起来，上一节“阅读课（二）”。
2.6 将Using Language中的Writing和Workbook中的WRITING TASK整合为一节“写作课”。
3. 课型设计与课时分配
1st period Speaking
2nd period Listening
3rd period Reading (Ⅰ)
4th period Grammar
5th period Reading (Ⅱ)
6th period Writing
Ⅳ. 分课时教案
The First Period Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language目标语言
重点词汇和短语
discovery, application, evaluate, presentation, alternative, messenger, get together, make a case for, add up
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to talk about inventions and discoveries.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to talk about inventions and discoveries.
Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点
How to talk about inventions and discoveries.
Teaching methods教学方法
Discussion.
Teaching aids教具准备
A computer and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式
Step Ⅰ Warming up
Talk about inventions and discoveries.
T: The importance of inventions to social progress can never be changed. Each invention carries the world a step forward and provides stimulation for later ones. With inventions turning up all the time, our world is always taking on a new look. But do you know what an invention is?
S1: The creation of something new.
S2: A creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation.
S3: The creation of new things.
…
Ask the students to talk about the pictures with the teacher’s help, and then discuss the first two questions.
T: And what is a discovery? What’s the difference between a discovery and an invention? Now look at the pictures on page 1. Work in pairs and talk about the three different things, telling them apart and giving reasons.

Show the following.
1. Which of these pictures show inventions? Does any of them show discoveries?
2. Work out two rules that will help you decide what is a discovery and what is an invention?
S1: I think the first two are inventions, i.e. the amphibious car and Stevenson’s “Rocket” while the last picture about the DNA is a kind of discovery. Because the first two products were quite new to people at that time and no one had ever seen or designed such kind of vehicles before though some others had made similar cars or machines which had less functions and advantages as these two. I think the picture about the DNA is a kind of scientific discovery in biology because such cells and their structure do exist in living creatures and they have been found out by a certain scientist and are made known to the public nowadays. So I think a discovery is something existing before but unknown while an invention is something unknown and not existing before.
S2: I think the first two pictures show us great human inventions about the transportation because they were invented by people for certain purposes and they had special advantages and could satisfy people’s needs in some ways. On the other hand the third picture showing the formation of DNA is a kind of discovery because these special cells exist and function in the body of life all the time no matter who discovers it or when and where it is discovered. In my opinion a discovery is something found out or brought to view now but it was unknown before while an invention is something created or designed by people, which is completely new not only now but in the past.
…
T: Well, from these pictures we can see that there lies differences between a discovery and an invention. There are certain rules or questions you should pay attention to while distinguishing them. Did it exist in the past? Is it created or developed by people? An invention is something that is created by a human being, such as the lightning rod. To the contrary, a discovery merely makes known something that already existed in nature, such as the discovery on the New Continent by Columbia. OK. Let’s go on with some other questions of this part. You may talk with your partner first before we have a check five minutes later.
Show the following.
What modern inventions do you know? Describe them to your partner and how useful they are in life today.
S1: Adidas 1 is the thinking shoes with a built-in microprocessor that decides how soft or firm the wearer needs the support. It has been chosen by Popular Science magazine as the best recreation invention of 2004. It is very comfortable to wear it all day without worrying about your toes being hurt and you can adjust the height and stiffness according to your demands whenever you want and wherever you go. Thus it is a very practical choice for both the young and the old when having exciting sports outdoors or resting at home during holidays.
S2: Camera phones have opened up a new way to communicate. Because many of them look like regular cell phones, you can snap pictures as discreetly as any spy and, with the push of a few buttons, pop them into an e-mail or upload them to the Web in less than a minute. No wires or computer hookups necessary. To be sure, most camera phones end up taking pictures of friends, family, babies and pets. But they have also been used to snap pictures of VIPs at private parties, copy recipes from cookbooks at bookstores and even document crimes in progress. But with an estimated 80 million camera phones sold in 2003, 6 million in the U.S. alone—the cat may already be out of the camera bag. Like it or not, these camera phones have been very popular and widely used by people even today.
S3: A kind of robot heart called AbioCor was invented in 2001. On July 2, 2001, the 59-year-old grandfather and retired librarian Robert Tools became the first human to get one. It’s been long since the operation, and Tools’ new heart is still beating. He can walk a city block without stopping and he’s even making plans for the future. Though not everybody needs a new heart, hundreds of thousands eventually may. Nor will an artificial heart rid the world of sickness or poverty or terror. But sometimes it really helps.
T: Very good! I am glad to see that all of you have known so many modern inventions both at home and abroad and you have thought a lot about them. It’s certain that modern discoveries and inventions do have great effects on people’s life and can always represent the advanced science and technology, so you should learn to distinguish them and make good use of them.
Step Ⅱ Talking
T: Suppose you are working for a mobile company. It is your job to suggest new ways of developing a mobile. In pairs discuss some new applications of a mobile. Make a list of the ones you like and that seem the most useful. Choose one you both like and think will be popular with other people. Now work in groups of four to discuss the question.
S1: I suggest the new applications of mobile should be: portable entertainment players, cameras, member-ship and loyalty cards, guidebooks, maps, tickets, watches, and devices for accessing everything from news to corporate databases. Among them, we like the applications of devices for accessing everything from news to corporate databases. We both think they are useful and will soon be popular with others in the near future because the ability will enable a whole class of workers to rely less on their memory and more on their company’s and even world’s knowledge maintenance, sales, construction, transportation, taxicab drivers, and many other workers spend a great deal of time from offices. Thus, when they need information, they must either have it in their heads or stop what they are doing and make a phone call.
S2: I think the new mobiles can be developed better with 4G to listen to the radio, watch TV, play games, do shopping, chat on the QQ,, surf the internet, control the electrical equipment at home in the distance, give off harmless rays and be used as computers with special operating systems which can do business, have fun and work as intelligent P4 computers. Among them, we like the new application of surfing the internet and doing shopping and we both think they are useful and will soon be popular among youngsters because it is very convenient for people to find various useful information whenever and wherever possible. As there are different kinds of goods to choose from online and it’s very funny and exciting to make choices and buy what we need at a reasonable price without going out and bargain with sellers in the markets.
…
T: Very good. Now get together with another pair to discuss whether your suggestion is a good one. Make a case for your idea. Let the other pair evaluate it. Then swap so that you evaluate their idea. Decide which idea you like better and prepare to explain it. Then present it to the class.
S1: I think the first classmate’s expectation that the mobile phones can do so much, maybe more than they can offer. The mobile phones usually have limited size and capacity. So I think it will take time before the mobiles are designed to meet his needs.
S2: I think it’s practical and meaningful for the second classmate to develop the mobiles in that way. Though it has been used in some ways but we can do better because every day we have much information to look for and different types of things to do and the smart mobile can make it more convenient for us to achieve our goals in life.
…
T: Now, I’d like you to discuss in groups and try to tell the others about your ideas and the others who act as the leaders of the company may ask some questions for him or her to answer. Then I’d like some of you to report your group work
Five minutes later.
(L=Leader of the company)
S: I think the new mobiles can be developed better with 4G to watch TV and do shopping on the internet.
L1: Well, have you thought about the cost of this kind of new mobile which has a large capacity and such functions?
S: Yes. I’ll make a good survey of the international electronic markets in advance and try to reduce the cost as much as possible.
L2: Are you sure of the security measures of using these mobiles, especially when they are used to shop on the internet?
S: Sure. I’ll keep the new mobiles designed so in order that they will give warning messages whenever there is misleading information or dishonesty in selling and buying things on the internet.
L3: I think it would be difficult for the new mobile of limited size to be used to watch live broadcast and pick out all sorts of goods on the internet. Have you taken these into consideration?
S: Yes. Now, I come to realize that I have to design the mobiles with larger screens, which can make it more convenient and comfortable for the users. Thank you!
T: Very good! I can see all of you have done a good job in the presentation. Next I want you to evaluate the ideas using the following criteria. First, do you know about the words, such as originality and quality argument?
S: Yes, originality just means the quality of being new and interesting and quality argument just means different opinions about the quality of the product.
T: Quite right! Now let’s look at th