初中英语阅读理解技巧(方法例题)-ppt.ppt

英语阅读技巧阅读理解阅读理解Reading Skills细节理解和判断细节理解和判断推测词语意义推测词语意义推断深层含义推断深层含义 理解主旨大意理解主旨大意理解作者意图观点态度理解作者意图观点态度一、细节理解和判断一、细节理解和判断细节题主要考查学生对文章重要细节、信息的综合理解能细节题主要考查学生对文章重要细节、信息的综合理解能力以及推理判断能力等。细节题大多可以直接或间接地从力以及推理判断能力等。细节题大多可以直接或间接地从文章中找到答案。文章中找到答案。Which of the following statements is true(not true)?In the passage,which of the following is mentioned?All the following statements are true except _.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.以及以及where,how,who,why,how long等引导的特殊等引导的特殊疑问句要求判断细节。疑问句要求判断细节。阅读理解阅读理解二、推测词语意义二、推测词语意义推测词语意义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、推测词语意义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、关键词或短语的词义。提高这种技巧可以使我们一生词、关键词或短语的词义。提高这种技巧可以使我们在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的在阅读过程中能很快通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点推断出词义来，从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力。结构特点推断出词义来，从而提高阅读速度和阅读能力。1.What does the underlined word“.”mean?2.By saying“.”，the writer means _.3.The meaning of the word is _.4.The underlined word“.”probably means _.5.The word“.”refers to _.6.The underlined word“.”can be replaced by _.7.Which is the following is the closet in meaning to the word?阅读理解阅读理解三、推断深层含义三、推断深层含义 推断深层含义主要考查学生根据阅读材料中所提供的信推断深层含义主要考查学生根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知信息或深层含义的能力。要求考生把已有息，推断出未知信息或深层含义的能力。要求考生把已有的信息作为已知条件，从中推断出符合因果关系变化的未的信息作为已知条件，从中推断出符合因果关系变化的未知结论。既理解字面意思，更要理解文章的深层含义甚至知结论。既理解字面意思，更要理解文章的深层含义甚至包括作者意图等，分清哪些是事实，哪些是推理。包括作者意图等，分清哪些是事实，哪些是推理。记住：判断有据，推理有理，忠于原文，切忌片面。记住：判断有据，推理有理，忠于原文，切忌片面。1.We can infer from the passage that _.2.2.The writer suggests that _.3.From the passage(story),we can learn that _.4.What does the writer mean by saying?5.We may conclude from the passage that _.阅读理解阅读理解四、理解主旨大意四、理解主旨大意理解主旨大意题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的理解主旨大意题主要是测试学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章大意的能力，一般深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章大意的能力，一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题或目的设题。针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题或目的设题。1.The passage/article is mainly about _.2.2.The main idea of the passage is _.3.What topic is discussed in the passage?4.From the passage we know/learn that _.5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?6.The title of this passage could be _.阅读理解阅读理解解答这类题目时，最直接、最有效的方法是通过快速浏解答这类题目时，最直接、最有效的方法是通过快速浏览，找出每个段落的览，找出每个段落的主题句主题句。一般来说，主题句通常是一。一般来说，主题句通常是一段中的第一句或最后一句，有时也会出现在段落中间。有段中的第一句或最后一句，有时也会出现在段落中间。有时文中没有直接出现主题句，而需要我们总结。此时应该时文中没有直接出现主题句，而需要我们总结。此时应该注意每一段的注意每一段的中心句中心句，把这些中心句的意思总结起来就是，把这些中心句的意思总结起来就是文章大意。文章大意。阅读理解阅读理解五、理解作者意图观点态度五、理解作者意图观点态度一篇文章不可避免地反映作者的观点和情绪，作者期望读一篇文章不可避免地反映作者的观点和情绪，作者期望读者能够通过文章字面意思，真正领悟其言外之意，如作者能够通过文章字面意思，真正领悟其言外之意，如作者的态度或写作意图以及隐喻等者的态度或写作意图以及隐喻等1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _.2.In the writers opinion,should _.3.When the writer says,he means _.4.The writers attitude toward.is _.5.Which of the following best describes how the writer feels about _?6.The author would agree that _.7.The writer mainly wants to tell us _.（中考题（中考题57题）题）推测作者的写作目的，必须首先了解文章的主题，然后分推测作者的写作目的，必须首先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。阅读理解阅读理解五、理解作者意图观点态度五、理解作者意图观点态度The writer uses blood type A and B as an example to explain _.（中考题（中考题57题）题）推测作者的写作目的，必须首先了解文章的主题，然后分推测作者的写作目的，必须首先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。阅读理解阅读理解1.如何捕捉大意？命题思路，题目中会有the main point/main idea/best title 等等。读首句/段抓大意Eg.Today Newtown is a very clean place.But many years ago,there were millions of rats in Newtown.They attacked the cats and dogs.Sometimes a lot of them knocked down a man or woman walking home at night.The rats were very big in size and they hurt many people.Question:Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.How to Kill RatsB.Newtown-City of RatsC.How Newtown People Became RichD.How Newtown Became a Very Clean City.D(2)读尾句/段抓大意Eg.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin.Everyone was astonished to see him.There was just one problem.Merlin had no way to stop his roller-skater.He rolled on and on.Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall.Down fell the mirror,breaking to pieces.Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time.Question:What is the main point the writer is trying to make in this paragraph?A.The roller skates needed further improvementB.The party guests took Merlin for a fool.C.Merlin succeeded beyond expectation.D.Merlin got himself into trouble.C(3)从段落中抓大意Eg.Now satellites are helping to forecast the weather.They are in space,and they can reach any part of the world Today,nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries can receive satellite picturesSo the weather satellites are of a great help to the scientists at the station.In the past they could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours earlier.Now they can make good forecasts for 3 or 5 days.Question：The main idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in_.A.taking pictures of the atmosphereB.many waysC.receiving pictures of the atmosphereD.weather forecastingD2.如何搜索文章细节(1)直接对号入座Eg.At the same time after the age of ten,at eleven or twelve,boys and girls bodies start changing.This time of change is called puberty Question:According to the text the changes in puberty start at the age of _.A.8 or 9B.11 or 12C.15 or 16D.17 or 18(2)同义/反义词转换Eg.From 1262 to 1944 Iceland was ruled first by Norway and then by Denmark.Question:How many years did Norway and Denmark ruled Iceland?A.700B.682C.388D.1070Eg.Kuming has a population of more than 5,000,000.Question:Whats the population of Kuming?A.Over five millionB.Over five thousandC.Over five billionD.Over five hundredBBA(3)短语从句的转换Canada Geese are large blue and white birds.When autumn arrives,they have to fly south where the weather is warmer.Question:Canada Geese have to fly south _.A.in springB.before autumnC.in winterD.after summer(4)概括归纳Eg.Students sit in the classroom listening to the teacher.This is a way of learning.Is this the only way for students to learn something?Of course not.Question:Listening to the teacher is _ for students to learn something.A.not a wayB.the best wayC.the only wayD.not the only wayDD3.猜测词义的技巧(1)根据构词法猜测词义Eg1.I had walked two kilometers before I found a phone-box and eventually I was able to get a garage to send someone to give some help.Question:The world“eventually”means _.A.right awayB.at lastC.with difficultyD.unhappilyEg2:Most telephone hot lines are completely anonymous-callers dont have to say their names or telephone numbers.Question:The word“anonymous”probably means _.A.with a nameB.without a nameC.free of chargeD.interestingBB(2)根据同义词，反义词猜测词义One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it.Question:The work“positive”in the passage probably means _.A.terribleB.badC.goodD.realC(3)根据定义或解释猜测词义Every December in London,the National Cage and Aviary Bird Show tires to find the best“talking”bird in the world.One bird named Prudle stood out among the“talking birds”.She won this prize for 12 years form 1965 to 1976.Question:What does the word“stand out”mean in this passage?A站起来B.飞起来C.脱颖而出D.取出来C（4）根据上下文逻辑关系猜测词义Eg.Man can only drink or use the other 3%of the fresh water which comes from rivers,lakes an underground.On the other hand,because the number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger,more and more fresh water is needed.So water shortage becomes a big problem.Question:The word“shortage”in this passage means_.A.being enoughB.being short ofC.being short forD.being lessB(5)根据生活经验猜测词义For example,two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and augment body heat.All this makes your heart beat faster,and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous.Question:The world“augment”means_.A.increaseB.drinkC.stopD.make lessA4.推断隐含含义(1)推断数据Eg:“How much is the tomato soup”Paul asked.Six dollars,“the waiter said.“Its very good.”“How much is the duck with orange?”Paul asked next.“Fifteen dollars,”the waiter said.“How much is the chocolate ice cream?”“Six dollars”the waiter said.Paul added it up quickly.Six plus fifteen plus six is twenty-seven.He thought he could have the duck and the soup,or the duck and the ice cream.”Ill have the duck and the chocolate ice cream,please.”He said to the waiter.Question:How much did Pauls meal cost?A.$21B.$24 C.$25D.527A（2）推断隐含句义Eg.We are all busy talking about and using the Internet,but how many of us know the history of the Internet?The Internet has now become one of the most important parts of peoples life.Question:What can we infer from the last sentence?A.People will die without the InternetB.All people should set up their own networkC.People live easily without InternetD.People will more and more depend on the InternetD(3)推断作者观点意图Eg.TV shows are like books or films.A child can learn bad things from some of them and good things form others.Some shows help children to understand the news from Washington and other parts of the world.Some programmes show people and places from other countries or other times in history.With TV child does not have to go to the zoo to see animals or to sea to see a ship.Boys and girls can see a play,a concert or a basketball game at home.Some programmes even teach children how to cook or how to use tools.Question:The writers opinion is that _.A.boys and girls should spend some time both on TV and other things.B.children shouldnt watch TV showsC.parents mustnt buy TV sets.D.children should stop watching TV.A