初中英语不定代词讲解及习题.doc

不定代词一、不定代词概述不定代词定义不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词常见不定代词some类something, somebody, someoneany类no类every类其他all, each, both, none, one, much, many, (a)few, (a)little, either, neither, other, another充当成分作主语、宾语、表语、定语等二、常见不定代词的基本用法1、 some和any: 都是“一些”的意思，都可与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。(1) some一般用于肯定句中，any 一般用于否定句或疑问句中。Eg. _(2) 在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，应该用some而不用any。Eg. Would you please give me some paper? _(3) 当any 表示“任何”或“无论哪一个”的意义时，可以用于肯定句，此时any要重读。Eg. You may come at any time that is convenient to you._2、 表示数量的不定代词(1)many_, few_, a few_, 用以代替或修饰可数名词。(2)much_, little_, a little_,用以代替或修饰不可数名词。(3) _和_表示肯定意义，_和_表示否定意义。(4)a lot of 和plenty of 等短语既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。3、表示两者和三者的不定代词(1)表示两者: both, either, neither (2)表示三者: all, any, none, every(3)表示肯定：both, all (4)表示否定：none, neither练一练：用以上不定代词填空。我的父母都是医生。_街道的两边都种了树。There are trees on _ sides of the street. = There are trees on _ side of the street.他有两个儿子，都不富有。He has two sons. _ of them is rich.他有三个儿子，都不富有。He has three sons. _ of them is rich.三、复合不定代词的用法(1)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。 (2)somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody, anyone一般用于疑问句和否定句中。(3)如果要在疑问句中表示请求、建议等肯定的意思或者盼望得到肯定的答复时，用somebody, someone 或something。(4) 修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式应放在它们的后面。Eg. He has nothing much to do today.他今天没有多少事情做。 Lucy hasnt anything important to do. 露西没有任何重要时做。四、疑难拓展1、few/a few/little/a little (1)后接名词的不同。_和_后接可数名词复数，_和_后接不可数名词。 Eg. There are _ new words in the text. 课文中有一些新单词。 Can you speak _ English? 你能说一点英语吗？ (2)表示肯定意义和否定意义的区别。_和_ 表示肯定，_和_表示否定。 Eg. I have _ friends there. I often play with them. There is _ meat at home. Lets buy some.2、other/others/the other/another(1) other表示“另一个”的意思，在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，不独立使用，通常修饰可数名词复数。(2) others可独立使用，无范围限定。(3) other和others前面加定冠词the 时表示特指，不加the 表示泛指。The other表示两个中的另一个，常用于句型”onethe other”，the others 表示全部其余的人或物。Eg. I have two brothers. _ is a doctor; _ is a teacher.He is always ready to help _.Five of them are in the classroom. What about _?(4) another(另外一个，又一个)，只能代替或修饰单数名词，可用作主语、宾语或定语，不独立使用。前面不加冠词。Eg. Dont lose heart. Have another try.(5) Another 后可以跟few 或带数字的复数名词。Eg. Just think what our town will be like in another few years. Youd better stay in bed for another two weeks.3、 部分否定及完全否定Not与不定代词all, both, every等表示全部意义的词连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，则需要换用none, neither, no 等。练一练：翻译下列句子。All of the students like the novel._Not all of the students like the novel. _All of the students dont like the novel._None of the students like the novel. _4、 all, both, each等用作同位语若用作主语同位语，主语可以是名词或代词；若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语，则宾语等成分必须是人称代词，而不能时名词。Eg. We all have read it.(all修饰的主语是代词)The village all have been destroyed.(all修饰的主语是名词)They told us all to wait here.(all 修饰的宾语是代词)5、 one 和it 的区别使用(1)it 指代前面的某物。Eg. Where is my pen? I cant find it.(it 指代前面提到的那支笔)(2)one可以指人，也可以指物。用来代替上文中提到的单数可数名词以及避免重复，其复数形式为ones。Eg. Your pen is so nice. I want to buy one like this.课堂演练一、 单选。1. The two fishermen saw_ in the sky while they were fishing by a river.A. something strange B. anything strange C. strange something D. strange anything2. - Is _ here? -No. Bob and Tim have asked for leave.A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody3.-Do you want tea or coffee? -_.I really dont mindA. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither4. The old man has two sons .One is a soldier, _ is a worker. A. other B. the other C. others D. another5. There are shops on _ side of the street._ of them do not close till 12 at night.A. both; All B. every; None C. either; Some D. other; Many6. There is not _ meat in my bowl. There is _ chicken in it.A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some7. Could you do_for me, please?A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything8. Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know_ about the subject.A. a little B. little C. few D. a few9. -Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk?-_, thanks. I think Ill just have a glass of water.A. None B. Neither C. Both D. Either10. Tom shook his head and said to us there was _ in the classroom.A. anybody B. nobody C. somebody D. everybody11. Could I have _ bottle of apple juice, please?A. another B. other C. some more D. second12. There are 25 techers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers. A. the other B. the others C. others D. other13. They were all tired, but _of them took a rest. A. none B. all C. both D.either14. -We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which colour do you like? - Im afraid _. I think blue will be OK. A. both B. either C. neither D. none15. -Can I come this afternoon o tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None二、按要求完成句子。1. Both Tom and Tim are good at sports.（改为否定句）_ Tom _ Tim _ good at sports.2. I cant speak much English.（同义句转化）I _ speak _ English.3. There is something wrong with his eyes.（改为一般疑问句） _ _ _ wrong with his eyes?4. This answer is right. That answer is also right（同义句转化）_ this answer _ that one are right.5. They havent visited the village. She hasnt visited the village either.（连成一句）_三、下列句子中各有一处错误，请找出并改正。1. It is very difficult, and a few people understand it. _2. Too many work has to be done. _3. Why not buy any bread? _4. Anyone know how to do it. _5. There is not nothing wrong with the radio. _家庭作业一、 单选。1. The teacher asked the boy many questions, but he only ansewered _ of them.A.some B. lots C. each D. few2. -I need something for cutting the paper. -Oh, you want a knife? OK, Ill get _ for you. A. it B.that C. this D.one3.Two places of inteerest in Beijing are well known to people from home and abroad. One is the Great Wall, and _ is the Summer Palace. A. the other B. another C. other D. others4. -Would you like _ to drink? -Yes. Id like a cup of coffee. A. something else B. else something C. anything else D. else anything5. Maybe the disaster can destroy our homes, but _ can destroy the love in our people. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing二、改错。1. All of my parents are doctors._2. There are many trees on both side of the road. _3. He has three sons, but neither of them lives there. _4. All of the storybooks is interesting. _5. I have important something to tell you. _