初中英语-介词专项.doc

介词一概念：介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分介词短语能够充当句子成分, 介词短语 = 介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）介词的作用介词表地点、位置、方向的介词above, around, at, behind, between, by, down, from, in, up, in front of, into, onto, near, off, out, over, through, under, towards, 表时间的介词by, in, on ,over, with其他介词like, with, without, from, next, to二、常用1、in 在.之内1) 表示地点，表示大地点。 Shes in China with her mom and dad. 2)表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内The weather is cold in winter. 3) 表示颜色和语言也用介词in。Do you know the girl in red? I can write this article in English. 2、from 从.中来1) come from I come from China and Im Chinese. 2) download from I download music from the Internet. 3) be different from Lilys habits are different from Lindas. 3. with 和，用，与1) with sb 和.人在一起 Im in Class One with Daming and Lingling. 2）with sth. 表示用某种工具 I write with my pen, and I see with my eyes. 4. at 在. 1) 表地点，主小地点。 My father is a teacher at Beijing International School.2) 表时间，主指时间的一个点。 I get up at half past seven in the morning. 3) be good at 擅长于. Iam good at reading and writing.5. behind 在.后面 The classrooms are behind the offices.6. next to 紧挨着 The library is next to the classrooms.7. in front of 在.前面 They are in front of Tony and Daming. 8. for 为了.，因为。 Thank you for your email.9. on 在.上，在.时1） 表示时间，表示具体的一天。 Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday?2） 表示地点 on the farm on the playground 10. to 自，向1）talk to 与.谈论 We have a break and I talk to my friends. 2) go to 去 He likes films and he often goes to the cinema. 3）welcome to 欢迎到. Welcome to Beijing Zoo. 4）listen to 听 They always listen to music.5）connect.to .和.连接一起 Please connect the monitor to the computer first. 三、常用的介词的区别： in, to, on在方位名词前的区别 1. in表示A地在B地范围之内， 如 Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范围之外（有距离），如：Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻， 如： North Korea is on the east of China. . at, in, on, by在表示时间上的区别 1. at指时间表示： （1）时间的点、时刻等。They came home at noon （at sunrise, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak）. （2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。 He went home at New Year （at Christmas, at the Spring Festival）. 2. in指时间表示： （1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening （2）在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时，谓语动词为非延续性动词，意为“在以后”。 He will arrive in two hours. （3）谓语动词为延续性动词时，in意为“在以内”。These products will be made in a month. 3. on指时间表示： （1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、星期几等,On Christmas Day there will be a party. （2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。He arrived at 8oclock on the night of Friday. （3）准时，按时。If the train can be on time, I should get home before dark. 4. by指时间表示： （1）不迟于，在（某时）前。 如： He will come by six oclock. （2）在间，在的时候。 如： He worked by day and studied by night. . near, by, beside, at表示“在附近”时的区别 1. near表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。 Suzhou is near Shanghai. 2. by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不很远，但beside比by更具体地表示出“在旁边”的意思。 He was sitting beside her. He is walking by the river.3. at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而by和beside仅表示位置关系。 如： The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher. Several students are sitting by / beside the door talking about a music. . at, in和on表示地点时的区别 1. at表示地点： （1）用于指较小的地方。 arrive at，接小地方 I will wait for you at the station.（2）用于门牌号码前。 He lives at 11 Zhongshan Road. 2. in表示地点：arrive in 接较大地方 He lives in Shanghai. 3. on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在上；在旁”。 The picture was hanging on the wall. . besides, except, but表示“除外”之间的区别 1. besides表示“除了以外，还有”，具有附加性质。如： Besides xiaoming , we also went to see the film. 注意：besides用于否定句中时，与except, but同义，可互换。如： We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“除外”，具有排它性质。如： We all went to see the film except xiaoming.（王先生没去） 3. but意为“除了”，与except同义，except强调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词。Nobody knew it but me. above, over, on, up表示“在上”之间的区别 1. above指“上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。 Were flying above the clouds. 2. over指“在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。 The bridge is over the river. 3. on表示“在上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。 There is a map on the wall. 4. up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。如： Please stand up with, from, for, at表示原因的区别 1. with表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因为；由于”。 The little girl was shivering with cold. 2. from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。 She did it from a sense of duty. 3. for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。 I do apologize for keeping you waiting. 4. at表示原因，指“听到；看到；想到”等。 At the news they felt very glad. for和of的用法区别试比较：Its impossible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock. Its kind of you to help me. 两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。 by，with，in的用法区别by表示以.的方式，方法，手段 和 乘某种交通工具；with指借助于具体的手段或工具；in 表示以.方式，用语言，文字等媒介。I solved the problem by this way. I cut the apple with a knife. He speaks with us in English. after和 in 的用法区别这两个介词都可以表示时间在以后的意思。其区别是：after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；in 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。I went home after 10 oclock yesterday. The train will arrive in ten minutes.小试牛刀：一：用by, beside, near, beyond填空1. The little girl is sitting _ her mother.2. There is a white car _ our school.3. Many shops are _ our home.4. _ our city there is a river. 二：1. The post office is _ the police station and the library.A. between B. among C. in2. I cant finish my work _ your help.A. with B. without C. in3. Thank you _ _ me to have dinner.A. for invite B. of invite C. for inviting4. Why are you standing, Alice? -I cant see the blackboard clearly. Two tall boys are sitting _ me.A. behind B. next to C. in front of5. If you do things _, usually you cant do them well.A. in a hurry B. from now on C. just now6. What a nice day! We should go sightseeing _ watching TV in the hotel.A. because of B. instead of C. together with7. Your coat looks very nice. Whats it made _?- Cotton, and it is made _ Wuhan.A. from, in B. of, in C. from, on8. -When and where you born?-I was born _ October 1st, 1998 _ Suzhou.A. on, on B. in, in C. on, in9. There will be many robots _ peoples homes _ ten years.A. in, / B. in, in C. in, after10. All the workers went home yesterday _ Mr White. Why?-Because he was on duty.A. except B. besides C. except for11. Its very kind _ them to pick me up at the railway station and drive me home.A. for B. to C. of12. A UFO landed _ the Center Street.A. at B. on C. in13. _ the Spring Festival, the heavy snow stopped many people from _ back home. A. During, going B. In, go C. On, goes24. Think it over _ you write the answer.A. before B. after C. on答案：一：1. by, 2. beside, 3. near, 4. beyond 二：1.A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5A 6. B 7B 8 C 9 C 10A 11 C 12 B 13. A 14. A勤加磨练：1.Theteacherisnotonlystrict_hispupilsbutalsostrict_hisownwork.A.with,withB.in,inC.in,withD.with,in2.Myfatherbegantowork_abusdriverwhenhewastwentyyearsold.A.forB.toC.atD.as3 .IdontthinkXiaoLiis_theotherstudents_mathematics.A.after,onB.after,withC.behind,inD.behind,at4.Nobodyknowsit_me.A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.besidesD.but5.Thewindowisneveropened_insummer.A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.butfor6.Wegotoschool_abike.A.inB.onC.byD.ove7.Itsverykind_youtorepairthebike_me.A.for.forB.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of8.Freshairisgood_yourhealth.A.atB.forC.ofD.to9.Theboyiswaiting_hissisterandtheywillgotothehospitaltowait_theirsickmother.A.for,onB.on,forC.for,forD.on.on10.ThePLAmansavedtheboy_death.A.ofB.fromC.toD.on11.Hewillcome_threedays.A.beforeB.afterC.inD.later12HewenttoBeijingandreturned_threedays.A.inB.beforeC.laterD.after13.Hewillreturn_threeoclock.A.afterB.inC.onD.at14 Hewrotethearticle_threedays.A.atB.inC.onD.by15 Iagree_whatyousaid.A.toB.onC.withD.at16.Doyouagree_thisplan(arrangement)?A.atB.withC.onD.to17.Finallytheyagreed_thetermsofthecontract.A.onB.toC.withD.at18.Doyouoftenhear_yourbrother?A.ofB.fromC.outofD.about19.1heard_thebooklongago,butIhaveneverreadit.A.outB.fromC.ofD.with20.Theplaneflew_thecity.A.acrossB.pastC.throughD.over21.Wewalked_theTianAnMenSquaretotheMuseumofChineseHistory.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past22.Iwaswandering_thestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailorsshop.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past23.Ourbusdrove_theGreatHallofthePeople.A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over24._thesun,nothingwouldgrow. ForB.WithC.UnderD.Without25.Theteacherisbusy_teaching.A.withB.forC.onD.of26.Theteacherisbusy_correctingpapers.A.forB.inC.onD.of27.WeleftXian_._averyhotsummerafternoon.A.onB.inC.duringD.by28.Histeacherwasangry_him_hisbeinglate.A.at,withB.at,forC.with,forD.with,about29.Myfatherwasdisappointed_thenews. A.byB.aboutC.atD.o30.MrWangwenttoNanjing_October,1998andcamebackhome_themorningofNov.5.A.at;inB.on;atC.in;onD.by;from31.Myunclelives_105HuangheStreet.Hisroomis_thefifthfloor.A.at;onB.td;atC.on;inD.of;to32.Idontthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblem_theteachershelp.A.sinceB.unlessC.becauseD.without33.-Doyougothere_bus?-No,wegothere_atrain.A.in;onB.on;onC.by;inD.by;with34.Thetrees_frontofthehouseare_thechargeofOldLi.A.in;inB.at;inC.in;byD.from;in35.Theoldmandied_cold_acoldnight.A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during36.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguages_French?A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside37.-Howlonghasthebookshopbeeninbusiness?-_1982.A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since38.Didyouhaveanytrouble_thepostoffice?A.tohavefoundB.withfindingC.tofindD.infinding39.Totellyouthetruth,Ihavenothingtodo_it.A.aboutB.withC.forD.of40.Taiwanis_theeastofFujian.A.inB.atC.toD.on41HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon_afewdays.A.sinceB.in C.onD.after42.Thewordwritehasthesamepronunciation_thewordright.关系代词A.ofB.asC.toD.from43.Thetrainleaves_6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation_5:40p.m.atthelatest.A.at;until(延续)B.for;afterC.at;by（瞬间）D.before;around44. We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till45. There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A. on B. at C. inD. besides1-5DDCDB6-10BCBAB11-15CDABC16-20DABCD21-25ABCDA26-30BADCC31-35ADCCA 36-40CCDDD 41-45BBCBBC（应到43答案有误）初中英语常用介词短语 91)at once 立刻 2)at last 最后 3)at first 起先，首先 4)at the age of 在岁时 5)at the end of 在之末 6)at the beginning of 在之初 7)at the foot of 在脚下 8)at the same time 同时 9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10)with ones help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助 11)with the help of 在的帮助下 12)with a smile 面带笑容 13)with ones own eyes 亲眼看见 14)after a while 过了一会儿 15)from now on 从现在起 16)from then on 从那时起 17)far example 例如 18)far away from 远离 19)from morning till night 从早到晚 20)by and by 不久 21)by air mail 寄航空邮件 22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23)by ordinary mail 寄平信 24)by the way 顺便说 25)by the window 在窗边 26)by the end of 到底为止 27)little by little 逐渐地 28)in all 总共 29)in fact 事实上 30)in ones twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31)in a hurry 匆忙 32)in the middle of 在中间 33)in no time (in a minute) 立刻，很快 34)in time (on time) 及时 35)in public 公众，公开地 36)in order to 为了 37)in front of 在前面 38)in the sun 在阳光下 39)in the end 最后，终于 40)in surprise 惊奇地 41)in turn 依次 42)of course 当然 43)a bit (of) 有一点儿 44)a lot of 许多 45)a little 一点儿 46)on ones way to 某人在去的路上 47)on foot 步行，走路 48)a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49)on the other hand 另一方面 50)at/on the weekend 在周末 51)on the left (right) 在左(右)边 52)on the other side of 在另一边 53)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播) 54)to ones joy 使高兴的是 55)to ones surprise 使惊讶的是 介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语 1）.介词与动词搭配 arrive inat 到达 ask for 要，请求do well in 在方面做得好give in 投降