1、初中英语动名词的用法 动名词,即“动词原形+ing”变成名词使用,具有双重性,既有动词的某些特征,有动词的各种变化形式;又有名词的某些性质,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。同时也能被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 一、动名词的名词的性质 1. 作主语 动名词作为主语有以下几种表现形式: 1) 直接作为主语。 例如: Taking exercise everyday is a good habit. Finding work is difficult these days. Walking is a good form
2、of exercise for both young and old. [句中Walking(散步)作为句子主语,直接出现。句意:散步对年轻人和老年人是一项很好的运动。] 2) 用it作形式主语,真正的主语作为后置主语。 例如: It isn’t easy trying to climb the mountain. [句中It作为形式主语,动名词短语trying to do sth. 才是真正的主语。] 能用于上述结构的形容词有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,se
3、nseless,worthwhile等。但是important,essential,necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 用it代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外,还有一种句型为: It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing 例如: It’s no use trying to argue with him. 3) “There be”的结构 这种句型一般是否定形式,There是引导词,作为形式主语,动名词做真正
4、主语。意思是“不可能……”。 例如: There is no joking about such matters. 4) 告示或简略的警告用语中,动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。 例如: No climbing. (No climbing is allowed.) 5) 组成复合结构 动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,可在其前面加上所有格,使之变成复合结构,可作为句中主语。 例如: Does our helping mean a lot to all of you? My repairing the rad
5、io made it worse. [My repairing作为复合结构出现,作为句子主语,此时非谓语动词的形式,要特别注意。] 2. 作宾语 1) 动名词可以作为动词的直接宾语,可接动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,complete,finish,image等。 例如: You can easily fake up an excuse to avoid going out with him. Richard turned of the computer after he had finished writing the email. I ke
6、pt thinking of what David would say when he came back. 2) 动名词也可以作为介词的补足成分,但是except和but两词需慎重考虑,情况需要多方面考虑。 有些词组后必须跟动词的动名词形式,如:give up,put off,burst out,get through,can’t help,insist on,feel like,be good at,be tired of,be fond of,be afraid of,pay attention to,get to,get/ be used to,used to等。
7、 例如: I can’t help recalling the words. Please excuse me for opening your letter by mistake. I do not feel like sleeping now. 3) 作为形容词的宾语 例如: The book is well worth reading more than once. [be worth doing是“很值得做某事”,形容词worth后加动词的动名词结构做宾语。] 3. 作表语 动名词作表语时,多表示主语的职业、功能、行为等
8、等性质,可以与主语互换位置,但不影响句子的意思。 例如: Her hobby is playing volleyball. [playing volleyball作为表语,是hobby的内容。二者可以互换位置,而不影响句子的意思。] The most important Easter tradition is giving each other Easter eggs,because eggs are the symbol of new life. [giving each other Easter eggs作为表语,是tradition的内容。二者可以互换位置,而不影
9、响句子的意思。] 4. 作定语 动名词作定语时,表示作用、用途,作为前置定语出现,指什么样的。 例如: a washing machine the reading room All the students are now busy reviewing their lessons for the coming examination. [be busy doing sth.是“忙于做……”,coming作为前置定语,修饰examination意为“即将到来的考试”。] 二、动名词的时态语态 1. 动名词的一般式 1) 表示
10、动作与谓语动词同时发生。 例如: Everyone is practicing speaking English. Seeing his mother, the baby could not help laughing. 2) 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,与动名词的完成式用法相似,此时通常相关的动词有advise,delay等。 例如: He denied telling/ having told me. (他否认告诉过我。) I regret not coming/ having come earlier. (我后悔没有来早点。
11、 3) 在明确表示时间的动词和介词如after,on,upon或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 例如: After answering his question, she asked back. 2. 动名词的完成式 动名词的完成式就是将“have+过去分词”中的助动词have改为动名词即可,如having been,having come,having gone,having left等。动名词的完成式所表示的是动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 例如: I’m sorry for having wasted your time. [动名词用完成式表示“浪费你的时间”在先,“感到抱歉”在后。] 3. 动名词的被动结构 当句中的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,用被动语态。 例如: After having been interviewed, he was offered the job. No one enjoys being laughed at.






