初中英语语法动词八种时态详解.doc

初中英语八种时态归纳复习
　 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态问题倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。
一、 一般现在时
（一）定义
表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格
和能力及客观真理。
例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .
She is at home .
(二)构成
主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。
(三)句型
1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。
She reads English everyday .
2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。
He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning .
3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？
Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t .
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？
What time do you get up every morning ?
Where does your father work ?
（三）用法
1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month．．．） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。
I leave home for school at seven every morning .
2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。
The sun rises in the east .日出东方。
　　 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。
　　 Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。
　　 Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比声音的速度快。
　　 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。
3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作
　　I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
If you come this afternoon,we’ll have a meeting .
　　4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：
　　He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。
　　That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。
　　Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
　　 She majors in music .她主修音乐。
　　 All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。
　　 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;
如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。
2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;
如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;
如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。
4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，
如：He has an interesting book .
5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is

一般现在时练习题
　　1）用动词的适当形式填空
　　1.I  like ____________ (swim).                       
　　2.He _________(read) English  every  day.
　　3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning.  
　　4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.
　　5.My  mother________(like) ______(go) shopping.       
　　6.I can _______draw)  many  beautiful  pictures.
　　7.She_________(make) a  model  plane.                
　　8.Do  you ________(like)_________(run)?
　　9.Does  he_________(like)_________(jump) ?          
　　10.Does Nancy_________(grow)flowers on Saturday ?
　　11.The  teachers________(like)___________(dance).     
　　12.The teacher________(like)____________(dance).
　　13.The students___________(speak) English in class.     
　　14.The student_________(speak) Chinese after class. 
　　15. Let's____________and play football . ( go )          
　　16. He_____________ like swimming . ( not ) 
　　17. I'm sorry ___that . ( hear )       
　　18. Wang Bing is____________ ( write ) an E-mail to his friend .
　　19. He has_____________a headache . ( get )
　　20. _________you study English at school ? Yes , I___________. ( do )
　　21. __________your sister study English at school ? No , she__________ . ( do )
　　22. I'm _________ better . ( feel )                     
　　23. Why__________Tom absent today ? ( be )

　　2）用所给的人称改写句子
　　1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)
　　2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)
　　3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)
　　4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)
　　5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)
　　6.We clean the classroom every day. (he)
　　7.They look after the pandas. (Mr Wang)
　　8.I draw a tree and some flowers. (Nancy)
　　9.We go to bed at eight. ( my sister)
　　10.I read newspapers in the evening. (Mr Green) 

　　3）写出下列动词的相应形式 
　　1. 第三人称单数： wash_______ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________ 
　　2.写出下列动词的过去式：stop______ see________ drive ________let_______ carry______ keep_____ join______ find_______ think________ teach______ catch______ 
　　3. 写出下列动词的现在分词形式： stay_______ begin______ forget_______ forget______ lie________  die _______ run_______ prefer______ give________  ring_______ dance______ hope_______ 
　　II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空： 
　　1．I ________(write) to you as soon as I _______(get) to London. 
　　2. He doean't feel well and ____________(not eat) any food this morning. 
　　3. He ______ not _______(see) me come in, for he ___________(read) something with great interest. 
　　4. I _________(l;et) you have the book as soon as I _________(finish) it. 
　　5. While we ________(wait) for our teacher, a little boy ________(run) up to us. 
　　6. Don't make a niose. Grandpa __________(sleep).  7.It's seven now, Tom's family__________(watch) TV. 
　　8. It ________(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night. 
　　9. What ______ your mother _______(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _______(wash) clothes. 
　　10. _______ it ______ (rain) when school was over yesterday? 
　　11. What do) _______ tomorrow? We ________ (play) football. 
　　12. There ________ (be) a football match on TV this evening. 
　　13. They said they ________ (visit) the Great Wall the next summer holiday. 
　　14. Who _______ (dance) the best in your class?        15. Will you come if he _____________ (not come)? 
　　16. The teacher told us the earth __________ (move) round the sun.  17She ________ (buy) a sweater yesterday.
　　18. They _______ (have) a party in the garden if it ________ (not rain) tomorrow. 
　　19. I don't know if Mr.Wang ______ (go) to Shanghai tomorrow. If he _____ (go), I __ (ask) him _______ (take) some books to my daughter, because she _______ (study) there. 
　　III单项选择： 
　　1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow.      A.don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain 
　　2. There _____ an English film next week.    A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be 
　　3. The picture _______ nice.             A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking 
　　4. She ______ down and soon fell asleep.     A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay 
　　5. They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning.        A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to 
　　6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week. 
　　A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come 
　　7. Don't smoke until the plane ______ off.  A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 
　　8. I saw her ____ the room this morning.  A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters 
　　9.the teacher asked us ______ to school on time. A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes 
　　10. John is always ______ others.            A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help 
　　11. He told us ______ at eight.            A. working B. to work C. work D. worked 
　　12. You'd better ______ at home and ______ your homework. 
　　A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do 
　　13. He sat down ______ a rest.             A. having B. have C. to have D. had 
　　14. Uncle Wang knows _______ a washing machine. 
　　A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make 
　　15. Jim decided _______ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England. 
　　A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave

二、 一般过去时
（一）结构
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。
基本结构
否定句
一般疑问句
Be动词
was/ were+not
was或were提前，放于句首
行为动词
didn’t+do（动词原形）
Did+主语+do（动词原形）
注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didn’t，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。
I was in Shanghai last year .
I wasn’t in Shanghai last year .
Was you in Shanghai last year ?

He went to the park yesterday .
He didn’t go to the park yesterday ?
Did he go to the park yesterday ?
（二）句式
1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。
I was in Beijing yesterday .
I went to the beach yesterday .
2、否定句：主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他。
主语+didn’t + V原+其他。
I wasn’t in Beijing yesterday .
I didn’t go to the beach yesterday .
3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？
Did +主语+V原+其他？
Were you in Beijing yesterday ?
Did you go to the beach yesterday ?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？
特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？
Where were you yesterday ?
Where did yougo yesterday ?
（三）用法
1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year…),…ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of…,in 1980等连用。如：
At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .
2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .
3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。
He said he wouldn’t go if it rained .
（四）动词过去式的规则变化
1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked
2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如 practice-practiced；
3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y” 的动词, 变“y”为“i” 再加ed, 如study studied;
4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。
不规则动词表
Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tense
catch caught come came
do did draw drew
drink drank drive drove
eat ate fall fell
am is was are were
begin begun break broke
bring brought build built
buy bought can could
动词过去式的记忆口诀
动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；
谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记。
否定句很简单, 主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难, did放在主语前；
如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添。
一般过去时练习题
一、 写出下列动词的过去式
1．look— 2. live— 3. stop— 4. carry—
5.hope— 6. trip— 7. call— 8. finish—
9. want— 10. are— 11. go— 12. have—
13. do— 14. get— e— 16. say—
Fill in the blanks.
1. ____ she ____(sing)a song last night?
2. --Were there any people in the room? (作否定回答)
--______, _______ _______nobody.
3. --_____(be) they at work this morning?
--Yes. They ______ (have)a meeting together.
4. --______ Joe ______ (do)well in the long-distance running?
--Yes, he _______.
5. –Where _____ Tina’s Family____(go)last Summer?
--They _______ (go)to New York for their vacation.

　　二、用be动词的适当形式填空
　　1. I ______ an English teacher now.
　　2. She _______ happy yesterday.
　　3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
　　4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
　　5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
　　6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
　　7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
　　8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children's Day. All the students ______ very excited.
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
　　1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
　　2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
　　3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
　　4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
　　5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
　　6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
　　7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
　　8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning?
　　She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
　　9. It ____ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday 
　　10. 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night.
　　11. He _________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 
　　12. 12. Helen _________ (milk) a cow on Friday.
　　13. She likes _________ newspapers, but she _________ a book yesterday. (read)
　　14. He ______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
　　15. Jim's mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
　　16. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _________.
　　17. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 
　　18 We ____ (go) to school on Sunday.
　　19. It ____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ (go) to his office by car.
　　20. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
　　21. Don't ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
　　22. What _________ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)
　　23. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
　　24. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)
　　25. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)
　　26. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
　　27. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
　　28.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)

　三、一般将来时
（一）概念
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
There will be an English party next Saturday .
We will come to see you tomorrow .
（二）结构
1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为’ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为won’t 。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。
He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里。
2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）
I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。
3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事）
He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。
（三）用法
1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year．．．．）， this evening (weekend …), in the future , in a few minutes， the day after tomorrow ,by．．．， soon 等连用。
I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .
I hope you won’t be late next time .
2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。
I’ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .

一般将来时练习题
　　一、单项选择
　　(   ) 1.  There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
　　       A. will be going to       B. will going to be   C. is going to be     D. will go to be
　　(   ) 2.  Charlie ________ here next month.
　　      A. isn't working     B. doesn't working  C. isn't going to working     D. won't work
　　(   ) 3.  He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
　　     A. will be; is            B. is; is      C. will be; will be        D. is; will be
　　(   ) 4.  There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
　　   A. was        B. is going to have    C. will have    D. is going to be
　　(   ) 5.  -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow.
　　A. Are; going to; will      B. Are; going to be; will 
　　C. Are; going to; will be   D. Are; going to be; will be
　　(   ) 6.  Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
　　         A. will gives     B. will give     C. gives              D. give
　　(   ) 7.  - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?       -________. （不，不要。）
　　  A. No, you won't.       B. No, you aren't.   C. No, please don't.