1、不等式选讲(高考试题汇编)一、知识点整合:1 含有绝对值的不等式的解法(1)|f(x)|a(a0)f(x)a或f(x)a;(2)|f(x)|0)af(x)a.(3)对形如|xa|xb|c,|xa|xb|c的不等式,可利用绝对值的几何意义求解2 含有绝对值的不等式的性质|a|b|ab|a|b|.3 柯西不等式(1)设a,b,c,d均为实数,则(a2b2)(c2d2)(acbd)2,当且仅当adbc时等号成立(2)若ai,bi(iN*)为实数,则(a)(b)(aibi)2,当且仅当(当某bj0时,认为aj0,j1,2,n)时等号成立(3)柯西不等式的向量形式:设,为平面上的两个向量,则|,当且仅当
2、这两个向量共线时等号成立4 不等式的证明方法证明不等式常用的方法有比较法、综合法、分析法、反证法、放缩法、数学归纳法等二、典型题型题型一含绝对值的不等式的解法例1(2013课标全国)已知函数f(x)|2x1|2xa|,g(x)x3.(1)当a2时,求不等式f(x)1,且当x时,f(x)g(x),求a的取值范围审题破题(1)可以通过分段讨论去绝对值;(2)在x时去绝对值,利用函数最值求a的范围解(1)当a2时,不等式f(x)g(x)化为|2x1|2x2|x30.设函数y|2x1|2x2|x3,则y其图象如图所示,由图象可知,当且仅当x(0,2)时,y0,所以原不等式的解集是x|0x1,则0的解集
3、;(2)若关于x的不等式f(x)2的解集是R,求m的取值范围题型二不等式的证明例2(2012福建)已知函数f(x)m|x2|,mR,且f(x2)0的解集为1,1(1)求m的值;(2)若a,b,cR,且m,求证:a2b3c9.审题破题(1)从解不等式f(x2)0出发,将解集和1,1对照求m;(2)利用柯西不等式证明(1)解因为f(x2)m|x|,f(x2)0等价于|x|m.由|x|m有解,得m0,且其解集为x|mxm又f(x2)0的解集为1,1,故m1.(2)证明由(1)知1,又a,b,cR,由柯西不等式得a2b3c(a2b3c)29.反思归纳不等式证明的基本方法是比较法、综合法、分析法、反证法
4、、放缩法和数学归纳法,其中以比较法和综合法最为基础,使用综合法证明不等式的关键就是通过适当的变换后使用重要不等式,证明过程注意从重要不等式的形式入手达到证明的目的变式训练2已知f(x)|x1|x1|,不等式f(x)4的解集为M.(1)求M;(2)当a,bM时,证明:2|ab|0时,x,得a2.(2)记h(x)f(x)2f,则h(x)所以|h(x)|1,因此k1.反思归纳不等式f(a)g(x)恒成立时,要看是对哪一个变量恒成立,如果对于aR恒成立,则f(a)的最小值大于等于g(x),再解关于x的不等式求x的取值范围;如果对于xR不等式恒成立,则g(x)的最大值小于等于f(a),再解关于a的不等式
5、求a的取值范围变式训练3已知函数f(x)log2(|x1|x5|a)(1)当a2时,求函数f(x)的最小值;(2)当函数f(x)的定义域为R时,求实数a的取值范围变式训练4设f(x)|x|2|xa|(a0)(1)当a1时,解不等式f(x)8;(2)若f(x)6恒成立,求正实数a的取值范围三、专题限时规范训练一、填空题1 不等式|x3|x2|3的解集为_2 设x0,y0,M,N,则M、N的大小关系为_3 对于实数x,y,若|x1|1,|y2|1,则|x2y1|的最大值为_4 若关于x的不等式|a|x1|x2|存在实数解,则实数a的取值范围是_二、解答题5 设不等式|2x1|a2|1对于一切非零实
6、数x均成立,求实数a的取值范围7 (2012江苏)已知实数x,y满足:|xy|,|2xy|,求证:|y|.8 已知函数f(x)|xa|.(1)若不等式f(x)3的解集为x|1x5,求实数a的值;(2)在(1)的条件下,若f(x)f(x5)m对一切实数x恒成立,求实数m的取值范围9 已知函数f(x)|2x1|2x3|.(1)求不等式f(x)6的解集;(2)若关于x的不等式f(x)|a1|的解集非空,求实数a的取值范围10设a,b,c为正实数,求证:abc2.一、填空题 (2013年高考湖北卷(理)设,且满足:,则_.二、解答题 (2013年普通高等学校招生统一考试新课标卷数学(理)(纯WORD版
7、含答案)选修45;不等式选讲设均为正数,且,证明:(); (). (2013年普通高等学校招生统一考试辽宁数学(理)试题(WORD版)选修4-5:不等式选讲已知函数,其中.(I)当时,求不等式的解集; (II)已知关于的不等式的解集为,求的值. (2013年普通高等学校招生统一考试福建数学(理)试题)不等式选讲:设不等式的解集为,且,.(1)求的值;(2)求函数的最小值.(2013年高考湖南卷(理)在平面直角坐标系xOy中,将从点M出发沿纵、横方向到达点N的任一路径成为M到N的一条“L路径”.如图6所示的路径都是M到N的“L路径”.某地有三个新建的居民区,分别位于平面xOy内三点处.现计划在x
8、轴上方区域(包含x轴)内的某一点P处修建一个文化中心.(I)写出点P到居民区A的“L路径”长度最小值的表达式(不要求证明);(II)若以原点O为圆心,半径为1的圆的内部是保护区,“L路径”不能进入保护区,请确定点P的位置,使其到三个居民区的“L路径”长度值和最小. 四,高考试题汇编1 (2013重庆)若关于实数x的不等式|x5|x3|0,求证:4 (2012山东)若不等式|kx4|2的解集为x|1x3,则实数k_.5.(2012、江苏)已知实数x,y满足:求证:6 (2011湖南)设x,yR,且xy0,则的最小值为_1.(2011山东)不等式的解集为(A)-5.7 (B)-4,6 (C) (D
9、)2.(2011年高考天津卷理科13)已知集合,则集合=_.3.对于实数x,y,若,则的最大值为 .4.(2011年高考广东卷理科9)不等式的解集是_.4(2011年高考陕西卷理科15)(不等式选做题)若关于x的不等式存在实数解,则实数的取值范围是 5(2011年高考辽宁卷理科24)(本小题满分10分)选修4-5:不等式选讲已知函数f(x)=|x-2|-|x-5|.(I)证明:-3f(x)3;(II)求不等式f(x)x2-8x+15的解集.6. (2011年高考全国新课标卷理科24)(本小题满分10分) 选修4-5不等选讲设函数(1)当时,求不等式的解集;(2)如果不等式的解集为,求的值。7.
10、(2011年高考江苏卷21)选修4-5:不等式选讲(本小题满分10分)解不等式:8(2011年高考福建卷理科21)(本小题满分7分)选修4-5:不等式选讲设不等式的解集为M(I)求集合M;(II)若a,bM,试比较ab+1与a+b的大小9(2010年高考陕西卷理科15)(不等式选做题)不等式的解集为.10(2010年高考福建卷理科21)(本小题满分7分)选修4-5:不等式选讲已知函数。()若不等式的解集为,求实数的值;()在()的条件下,若对一切实数x恒成立,求实数m的取值范围。12(2010年高考辽宁卷理科24)(本小题满分10分)选修4-5:不等式选讲已知均为正数,证明:,并确定为何值时,
11、等号成立。13(2008广东,14)(不等式选讲选做题)已知,若关于x的方程有实根,则a的取值范围是 。14(2007广东,14)(不等式选讲选做题)设函数= ;若,则x的取值范围是 。4设函数f(x)=|x+1|+|x-a|的图象关于直线x=1对称,则a的值为16(2007海南、宁夏,22C,10分)(选修4 5:不等式选讲)设函数 (1)解不等式; (2)求函数的最小值。17(2008山东高考题)若不等式的解集中的整数有且仅有1、2、3,则b的取值范围为 。18. (2009广东14)不等式的实数解为 .19(2009福建选考21(3) 解不等式2x-10的解集为_.4江西15.(2)(不
12、等式选做题)在实数范围内,不等式|2x-1|+|2x+1|6的解集为_。 5辽宁24. (本小题满分10分)选修4-5:不等式选讲已知,不等式的解集为(1)求的值(2)若恒成立,求的取值范围6若存在实数使成立,则实数的取值范围是 7新课标(24)(本小题满分10分)选修:不等式选讲已知函数(1)当时,求不等式的解集;(2)若的解集包含,求的取值范围。技术官员村位于位于亚运城东部,主干道二以东石楼涌以西的地块,占地面积、m2,总建筑面积、m2,共包括地下室南区、地下室北区、地上部分1栋12栋、服务中心、室外工程等多个单体工程。其中住宅面积m2,共12栋,17栋建筑层数为11层,812栋11层(局
13、部复式顶层),首层局部架空,布置公建配套设施。integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the citys liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufactu
14、ring industry, changning district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the countrys first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Y
15、ibin city, fiscal revenue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for water and the second land of the seven hills. 236 meters to 2000 meters above se
16、a level in the city, low mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building s
17、ituation, old town-the South Bank Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area s
18、pace is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, suspicious pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,
19、 integrated energy, chemicals and textile Yibin city, are the three core pillars of the industry. In 2014, the wuliangye brand value to 73.58 billion yuan, the citys liquor industry slip to stabilise. Promoting deep development of integrated energy, advanced equipment manufacturing industry, changni
20、ng district, shale gas production capacity reached 277 million cubic metres, built the countrys first independent high-yield wells and pipelines in the first section, the lead in factory production and supply to the population. 2.1-3 GDP growth figure 2.1-4 Yibin, Yibin city, Yibin city, fiscal reve
21、nue growth 2.1.4 topography terrain overall is Southwest, North-Eastern State. Low mountains and hills in the city landscape as the main ridge-and-Valley, pingba small fragmented nature picture for water and the second land of the seven hills. 236 meters to 2000 meters above sea level in the city, l
22、ow mountain, 46.6% hills 45.3%, pingba only 8.1%. 2.1.5 development of Yibin landscapes and distinctive feature in the center of the city, with limitations, and spatial structure of typical zonal group, 2012-cities in building with an area of about 76.2km2. From city-building situation, old town-the
23、 South Bank Center construction is lagging behind, disintegration of the old city is slow, optimization and upgrading, quality public service resources are still heavily concentrated in the old town together. Southbank Centre has not been formed, functions of the service area space is missing. Meanwhile, peripheral group centres service was weak and inadequate accounting for city development, suspicious pattern could not be formed. As regards transport, with the outward expansion of cities, cities have been expanding, centripetal city traffic organization has not changed,
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