高考英语核心突破(阅读C篇题型).doc

考情分析
五年考情分析--C篇阅读理解
年份
2009年
2010年
2011年
2012年
2013年
题材
电脑软件
太阳黑子活动
考古法律
男女对压力的不同反应
机器飞行仿生
类别
科学技术
科学技术
文化艺术
科学技术
科学技术
字数
351
366
386
423
394
难度
中
中
难
易
中

试题探究
1.阅读理解题型分类

单一细节题：问题仅涉及到语篇中的一个细节
（一）细节题
综合细节题：问题涉及到语篇中两个或两个以上细节

　　　　　　　　 事实推断

指代推断

（二）推断题 词义推断 短语推断 生词
词汇推断
　　　　　　　　　态度推断　　　　　　　　 熟词生义

主旨大意
（三）概括题
选标题
2. 重难点
（一）细节题：
细节题的解题要点是一定要对应到语篇中相应的语句，找到问题的出处。很多
同学在细节题上失分的原因是在读了语篇后，往往按照自己的理解进行解题，脱离了
上下文。
例如2010年上海英语高考阅读理解C篇的第74题：
According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to______.
A．take images of the solar system B．provide early warning of thunderstorms
C．keep track of solar activities D．improve the communications on Earth
对应到语篇中的语句应Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for
monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take
images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.再根
据monitoring solar activity可知，NASA发射一颗人造卫星的目的是监控太阳的活动，因
此本题选C.　有一部分同学错误地理解了 take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer
than the most advanced televisions这句句子，因此错误地选了A.

（二）推断题：
推断题在阅读理解的题型中具有一定的难度，需要对语篇中的相关内容进行深入地
理解和推理，主要有事实推断、词义推断和态度推断。
事实推断的问题有What can we infer from the passage? What can be inferred
about…等。解题时，首先需要在语篇中找到和试题选项有关的语句，再根据语句进行推
断，得出言外之意，弦外之音。
词义推断是推断题中一种常考题型，分为指代推断、短语推断和词汇推断，多考查
短语推断中的生词推断，解这类题的方法即是根据所在生词的上下句，推断出生词意思。
态度推断要求了解整个语篇的主旨大意，在理解中心思想的基础之上，对作者或褒
　 或贬，或赞成或发对的态度进行推断，只要能了解语篇大意，解这类题型并不难。

（三） 概括题
　　 概括题分为主旨大意和选标题两类题型。
　　　无论是主旨大意题，还是选标题，都要从语篇整体的角度出发，从全局的角度进行解
题，不可以偏概全，也不可过于宽泛。

真题解读
【例】（2013年上海高考英语试卷C篇阅读理解）
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components（元件）,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. "The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own," he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components: each of which individual has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to,” said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”

72. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that_______
A. they had no model in their mind B. they did not have sufficient time
C. they had no ready-made components D. they could not assemble the components
【参考答案】C
【真题解读】单一细节题。细节题的解题关键在于抓住语篇中的重点词句。根据此题的问题，
定位第二段 "The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of
those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,"
这句话中的none of those components are off the shelf可知，没有现成的零件。

73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly______________.
A. consists of a flight device and a control system
B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time
C. can collect information from many sources
D. has been put into wide application
【参考答案】B
【真题解读】推断题中的事实推断。事实推断需要根据语篇中相关语句的言外之意进行判断，
综合第三段和第四段的段落大意，再根据第四段中 so that it might someday
perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield可
知目前robotic fly只能在有限的地区飞行。

74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.
D. Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.
【参考答案】D
【真题解析】综合细节题。此题涉及到语篇的多处细节，需要对应语篇中的相关内容，对四
个选项进行一一甄别。根据最后一段you know, to study biology in ways that
would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead这句句子可知，
Wood的设计可以在一些实验中取代动物。

75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage'?
A. Father of Robotic Fly
B. Inspiration from Engineering Science
C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect
D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study
【参考答案】C
【真题解析】概括题中的选标题。选标题需要根据整个语篇的内容，进行概括和归纳，标题
既不能过于宽泛，又不能以偏概全，适当时机，也可根据题目中的选项采取排
除法进行选择。由语篇每一段的大意可知，此语篇主要说明了机器飞行器的仿
生作用。

学法点睛
1、把握语篇的“二首一尾”，即抓住了语篇的主要内容。二首：语篇的第一段，每
一段的第一句；一尾：语篇的最后一段。从“二首一尾”的角度，了解语篇大意。
2、具有揭示性意义的词，如show, suggest, find和具有转折性意义的词，如however,
nevertheless后面的语句往往是出题的“高频地带”，在阅读时需要精读。
3、语篇中的专有名词和具体例子可略读，甚至不读。
4. 在解答细节题时，始终贯穿“同意转述”的解题思想，即正确的选项是用另一种
表达方式表达语篇中的相关内容。

过关检测
巩固测试：
（杨浦2013一模C篇）
Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? For most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain.
Scientists came to his conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math. Those involved were asked a series of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.
Based on their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject.
Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next a yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown.
Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle, their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain. It was like the pain they would fee, for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they would be faced with a word task.
However, scientists saw no strong brain response from people in the second group.
Math can be difficult, and for those with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, US, leader of the study. “The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more he activated brain regions associated with threat detection, and the experience of pain.”
More interestingly, the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math tasks. “This means that it’s not that math itself hurts; rather, the anticipation of math is painful,” Lyons said.
Based on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.

72. In the first stage, scientists ask participants some questions to _____.
A. see whether math hurts B. find out how much they fear math
C. observe how their brain response D. test their endurance of pain
73. The underlined word “the anicipation of math” is closest in meaning to _____.
A. the attempt of learning math B. the motivation to work out math problem
C. the effort to understand math D. the act of thinking about math
74. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. How to overcome math fear. B. Physical pain affects math performance.
C. Math pain in your brain. D. Unknown truth about pain.
75. What can be concluded from the experiment?
A. The anticipation of math has no relation to students’ confidence in math.
B. Moderate mathematic anxiety promotes students’ academic performance.
C. Effective solutions have been worked out to lower students’ anxiety of math.
D. Physical pain caused by HMA disappears in the process of doing math problem.

（浦东2013一模C篇）
Seligman is leading the research on what might be called Happiness Revolution in psychology. Since World War II, psychologists have focused on fixing what is broken —repairing psychosis（精神病）, and neurosis（精神衰弱）. Research has piled up steadily when it comes to looking at patients who are neurotic, while the happy or joyful people among us have received little scientific examination.
When Seligman did a search to find academic articles about such ‘positive psychology’ he found only 800 out of 70,000. ‘Psychologists tend to be concerned with taking a negative 8 person, and helping him get to negative 2,’ said Seligman, a psychology professor of the University of Pennsylvania. ‘My aim is to take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6.’
In the last 50 years, statistics have shown that we are less happy as a people. ‘While our quality of life has increased dramatically over that time, and we’ve become richer, we’re in an epidemic of depression,’ Seligman said. ‘Depression is 10 times more common now, and life satisfaction rates are down as well.’ Seligman argues that the new science he writes about is shifting psychology’s model away from its narrow-minded focus on mental illness towards positive emotion, virtue and strength that increase people’s happiness. If you want to be happy, forget about winning the lottery（抽奖）, getting a nose job, or securing a raise. In his new book, Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman argues that overall lifetime happiness is not the result of good genes, money, or even luck. Instead, he says we can increase our own happiness by making use of the strengths and virtues that we already have, including kindness, originality, humor, optimism, and generosity. He has named the field ‘Positive Psychology,’ arguing that we would be better off building on our own strengths rather than mourning, and, hence, trying to repair, our weaknesses. By frequently calling upon their strengths, people can build up natural barriers against misfortune and negative emotions, he said.
Science has shown that there are several distinct roads to being a happy person — though happiness might not mean what you think. Material goods — even simple ones like ice cream, and massages — are only stimulating things that rapidly give people a boost.
To cultivate happiness, we must first find out our individual strengths and virtues. Next, apply the qualities in such a way as to enhance your happiness-generating system.

72. The distinctive feature of Seligman’s work lies in ______.
A. evaluating the psychological state of people
B. making a study of people who suffer from mental illness
C. focusing the scientific examination on the happy or joyful people
D. figuring out the exact number of the academic articles about ‘positive psychology’
73. What does Seligman mean by saying ‘take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6’?
A. We should focus on happy or joyful people.
B. We need more and more happy and joyful people.
C. It’s difficult to make people happy from a plus 2 to plus 6.
D. Happy people also need to improve their level of happiness.
74. According to the passage, which of the statements might Martin Seligman support?
A. Promotion leads to true happiness.
B. We can rely on our strengths for happiness.
C. Intelligent people are usually more satisfied.
D. Mental illness should be the focus of psychology.
75. The passage mainly talks about ______.
A. strengths and happiness B. ways to cultivate happiness
C. development of psychology D. effect of positive psychology

提升测试：
(2011年上海高考英语C篇）
Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists (考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.
“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.
The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventuallly the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisb