中考英语代词专题.doc

中考英语代词专题 人称代词与物主代词：1. 人称代词与物主代词的各种形式：单数主 格宾 格形容物代名词物代第一人称 Imemymine第二人称youyou your yours第三人称 hehim his hisshe her her hers it it itsits复数一人称weusour ours二人称youyou your yours三人称theythemtheir theirs2. 人称代词与物主代词的用法：人称代词的主格在句中作主语。He ofen goes home by bus.人称代词的宾格在句中作动词、介词的宾语，还可作表语使用。如：_love our country. ( We ,US )She is a good student.I dont know him.His mother is waiting for them outside.-Whos it ? - Its_. ( I , me )人称代词的语序几个人称代词并列作主语时，他们的顺序是：单数形式 （ 2，3，1 ） you ， he and I ; 复数形式 （ 1，2，3 ） we ，you and they(3) 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用; 名词词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提到的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 Who is your uncle?- This is my dictionary. Where is_ ? (you r , yours )-Its over there, on the bed.-Tom, is this your pen? -Yes, its _. (yours, his, mine, my)(4) 名词词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。如： He is a friend of mine.二. 反身代词1、反身代词的单复数形式列表如下：人称 数 单数 复数第一人称myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己第二人称 yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己 第三人称 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 他们自己 themselves 她们自己 它们自己2、反身代词常用于一些固定搭配中。如：teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself自学enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴 help oneself to 随便吃hurt oneself 受伤 by oneself 亲自3、反身代词表示动作回到主语本身，所以它应与动作发出者保持人称一致。如：The little boy is too young to look after _.I hope you can enjoy yourself / yourselves at the party.The children made the plane _ .三. 指示代词1. 指示代词列表如下：单数 this that 复数 these those2. 指示代词的用法(1) this /these 近指或者指下文要提到的事，that / those 远指或者指前面刚刚提过的事。如：Please remember this：No pain，no gains.He was ill. That was why he didnt go to school.(2) 打电话时用 this 介绍自己，用that 询问对方。如This is Mike speaking. Who is that？我是迈克。你是谁？（3）在表示比较的句子中，that指代单数的人或物，those指代复数的人或物；The books on the table are newer than those in my schoolbag。四. 疑问代词疑问代词 主要用法 who主语、表语、宾语（作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后） whomwho 的宾格形式，作宾语 whosewho 的所有格形式，作主语、表语、宾语、定语what / whowhat 询问某人的职业who 询问某人的身份 、姓名what / whichwhat 指不定数目中的“哪一个，哪一些；什么”，没有一定范围的限定which “哪一个”，在一定范围内特指的人或物1. Who wants to go with me ？2. _ are you talking to ？3. To_ are you talking ?4. -What is your father ？ -He is a worker.5. Which do you perfer, spring or summer?6. _ book is this ?7. What would you like ?五.不定代词1、复合不定代词（1）初中阶段常用复合不定代词列表如下：somebody （某人）anybody （某人/任何人）nobody （没有人）everybody （每人）someone （某人）anyone （某人/任何人）no one （没有人）everyone （每人）something （某事）anything （某人/任何事）nothing （没有东西）ecerything （每一件事）如Do you have anything special to tell me today ？ 今天你有什么特别的事告诉我吗？Listen to me boys and girls. I have something to tell you .同学们，听我说, 我有一些事情要告诉你们。- Is there_ in the cup? 杯子里有东西吗? -No, there is _ . 没有,什么也没有。(2) 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something ,everything , everyone等时,形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。如：Xiaoming，I have _ to tell you. 小明,我有一些重要的事情要告诉你Can you find anyone else ? 你能再找一个人吗 ?(3) 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everbody ，nobody ，anyone等时，其反意疑问句的主语常用代词they；当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everthing ，anything ，something ，nothing等时，其反意疑问句的主语常用代词 it。如：Everybody is here ，arent they ?Everything is ready , isnt it ?(4)everyone的意思等同与everbody，只能指人；every one 既可指人也可指物，还可以和of短语连用。如：Id like _ to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。Every one likes Mary. 人人都喜欢玛丽。I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保2、普通不定代词（1）初中阶段常用普通不定代词列表如下：some any few little none one othermny much either neithereach every both all（2）普通不定代词的用法1）some与 anysome和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时应用some 。 如：There arent any students in the classroom .Look ! Some boys are playing football .-Would you like _ coffee ? - Yes , please .2) many 与 muchmany 修饰可数名词复数, 还可以与表示程度的副词so , too , as , how连用。much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词 so, too, how连用。如：How many bottles of water do you need ？He has too much homework to do .There are too _ mistakes in your exercises .He never eats so much breakfast .3)either, neither与botheither指两个之中的其中一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不，常构成固定搭配either/ neither of +名词（代词）的复数+谓语动词（第三人称单数）；当either- or 和neither-nor-，连接两个主语时，谓语动词应离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致；both表示“两者都”常与and连用。如：Neither of the books is good .Either you or I_ going to America .Neither you nor he is wrong .Both she and I are students .4) none与allnone指三者或三者以上中没有一个， all指三者或三者以上都，它们常与of 连用。如：I tried several jackets, but none of them looked good.Jim, Lucy and Lily all agree to stay here .5) each 与everyeach 和every都表示“每一个”。each强调个别，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。另外，each可指两个以上的人或事物，而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或事物。如：There are trees on each side of the road .Every student in Class 5 passed the exam .Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt .We each wear a yellow T-shirt .(3) 几组容易混淆的不定代词：1）it ，one ，that作代词时的区别it特指上下文提到的同一对象是同一事物。one泛指上下文提到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。that常用与比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。如：-Who has a pen ? -I have one .The book is mine. _is very interesting .The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter .2）either与any作“任何”讲时的区别either是两者中任何一个；any是三者（及以上）中任何一个。如：We plant trees on either side of the street .You can choose any student to join the swimming .3）neither与none的区别neither是两者都不；none是三者或三者以上都不。如：_ of you two is right .None of the students likes the math teacher .-Which subject do you like better, math or English ? -Neither, I like Chinese .4）other，the other，others，the others，another不定代词 意义 用法说明other 另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the，this，that，some，any，each，every，no。one，my，your，his等，则可与单数名词连用the other两者中的另一个常与one连用，构成“one-the other”；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“其余的全部”others泛指别的人或物是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部）。不能作定语，可以构成some- others结构the others特指其余的人或物是the other的复数形式，特指其余的人或物another任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词 He is taller than any other student in his class . He is taller than _ _ in his class . He is taller than the other students in his class . Some students like pop music while _ dont in our school . I want some other books besides this dictionary .六. 代词it 的用法1. 指代前面提到过的事物。如：The book on the desk is not mine . It is Jims .2. 代替指示代词this 或 that。如：-Whats that ? -It is a pencil .3. 指婴儿或不明身份的人。如：-Who is shouting in the classroom ? -It must be Tom.表示时间、距离和天气。如：-Whats the weather like today ? -It is sunny .How far is it from your school to your home ?-Whats the time now ? -It is ten oclock .5. 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：Its + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.Its time +to do sth. /for sth. /thatIt seems that-看起来好像-Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事Its +adj. + that 从句It is important for us to work hard .Its time to get up .It seems that he is quite happy .Its your turn to sing a song .Its necessary that you should read English every morning .6. 作形式宾语Do you think it difficult to learn Ftench ?I find it easy to surf the Internet .讲后练习：1. Im go skating. Would you like to go with_? A. I B. me C. my D. mine 2. -_ do you study for a test? -I study by working with a group. A. What B. Whom C. How D. Where 3. -Ive made some coffee. Would you like_?-That would be fine. A. many B. any C. some 4. I knocked on the door several times but _ answered, so I left. A.somebody B. nobody C.anybody D. everybody 5. -When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? -_is OK. Im free these days. A. Both B. All C. either D. neither 6. I love _ parents and they love _, too. A. my, me B. me, me C. my，my 7. _ English teacher is not only strict with the students but also wtith _. A. His, himself B. Mine, himself C. her, himself D. My, myself 8. During those days, a lot of stories about love could be heard. Here is_ of them. A. one B. none C. some D. each 9. -Who is singing in the next room? -_ must be Marie. A. It B. She C. This D. There 10. -Would you like to have _to drink now? -No, thanks. A. anything cool B. cool something C. something cool D. cool anything