裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记-第31课.doc

Lesson 31 Success Story成功者的故事

What was Frank's first job?

Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own. In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!

参考译文
昨天下午弗兰克.霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历。在退休前，弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理，但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工。他那时的工作是修理自行车，并且通常是一天工作14个小时。他靠多年积蓄，于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子。20多岁的时候，弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件。那时他有两个帮手。几年之后，小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有728人的大工厂。弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路，微笑了。他正笑着的时候门开了，他的妻子走了进来。她叫他去修理孙子的自行车。
【New words and expressions】（8）
1 retire [ri'taiə] v.退休
2 company['kʌmpəni] n.公司
3 bicycle ['baisik(ə)l] n.自行车
4 save[seiv] v.积蓄
5 workshop['wə:kʃɔp] n.车间
6 helper ['helpə] n.帮手，助手
7 employ [im'plɔi] v.雇佣
8 grandson['grænsʌn] n.孙子
一、单词讲解
retire
) vi．退休，退职
give up one s regular work ,esp. because of age
例: He retired from his directorship at the age of 60.
他60岁的时候从主管的职位退休了。
2)v．（正式用语）就寝
retire for the night就寝
3)V．退下
例: The ladies retired into the drawing room.
女士们到客厅里去了。drawing room客厅（尤指私人大宅中的）
retired adj．退休的
例: I am retired now so I have time to learn English.
我现在退休了，有时间学习英语了。
retirement n。退休，退职
a graceful retirement 体面的退休
compulsory retirement 强迫退休
resign vi．辞职
例: I was tired of my boring job, so I resigned yesterday.
我对那枯燥的工作感到厌倦，所以我昨天辞职了。
employ 雇佣
employer 雇主
employee 雇员
hire 雇佣
recruit 招募，征募
解雇：
dismiss fire
et the axe get the sack
失业：
be out of work
lose one' s job
hired，tired and fired被雇佣了，累的半死又被解雇了。

company
1)n．公司，商号
firm: 指两个人以上合资经营的商业机构
a trading firm 贸易公司
corporation （美）股份有限公司 （略为corp．）
a limited(liability)company有限责任公司
2)陪同，同座的人，交际，交往
例：I enjoyed his company ! 有他为伴真是愉快！
be fond of company 好交际
3)伙伴，朋友，同伴
例: A man is known by the company he keeps.
（谚）近朱者赤，近墨者黑。

bicycle自行车（口语成为bike）
构成： bi（两个）+cycle（轮子）
get on a bicycle/mount a bicycle 上自行车
get off a bicycle 下自行车
例：Can you ride a bicycle? 你会骑自行车吗？
motorcycle摩托车／（口）motorbike

save
1) v．挽救，救save sb/save sth
save one' s life挽救某人的生命
save one' s face保全面子
lose one's face丢脸
SOS: save our soul/save our ship
例: She saved an old man from the fire.
她在大火中救出了老人。
2)储存（钱），储蓄，节省，保留，省去（劳力，时间，花费等）
例: He saved money for years and bought a real bed.
他攒了很多年的钱买了一张床。
He saved money for years and bought an apartment.
他攒了很多年的钱买了一个公寓。
It's wise to save part of our salary each month.
每个月把丁资存起来一部分是很明智的。
Save your strength for the hard work you' ll have to do later.
为了你后面要做的工作你省省力气吧。
Don' t read in the sun .Save your eyes． （保护视力）
不要在阳光一下读书，保护你的视力。
Computers save a lot of time and energy.
计算机为我们节省了很多时间和精力。
That saved me going out． 那我就不用出去了。
savings n．积蓄
save V．挽救
rescue V．（从危险，囚禁等中）搭救或拯救出。oo

workshop
n车间 工作场所，作坊，小工厂(亦可简称为shop)
plant 工厂
a chemical plant 化学工厂
power plant 发电厂

helper n．帮手，助手
a household helper佣人，家仆
help V．帮助
：Help me! 救命！
cannot help doing忍不住做某事
On hearing the news, I can' t help laughing.
一听到这个消启、我忍不住笑了。
Heaven helps those who help themselves， （谚语）天助自助者。
so help me 我对大发誓
I really swam across the river, so help me.
我真的游过那条河了，我发誓。

God help you上帝帮助你（用于对别人的安全表示担心）
例： God help you if the teacher finds out.
要是老师发现你就惨了

employ vt.雇佣
例: The director employs two interpreters.
主管雇佣了两个口译人员。
She is employed in a bank． 他就职于一家银行。
employ oneself in/be employed in 从事…，做…，忙于…
例: She was busily employed in preparing dinner for five guests． 他忙于给五个客人准备晚饭。
employer 雇主
employee 雇员
a government employee 公务员
a white collar employee 白领员工
interviewer 面试官：采访的人员（记者）['int9vju：a]
interviewee 参见面试的人；被采访者
examiner主考官
examinee 考试的人
employment n．雇佣
unemployment n.失业
full employment 充分就业
employment agency （民间的）职业介绍所

grandson n．孙子，外孙子
grand-
用以构成复合名词，表示家族关系
granddaughter 外孙女，孙女
9randmother 祖母，外祖母
grandfather 祖父，外祖父
9randpa 祖父，外祖父
grandma 祖母，外祖母
granny 老奶奶
great-grandson 曾孙子
great-grandfather 曾祖父
例: Every potter praises his pot
王婆卖瓜卖弄自夸。
grandfather clock落地式大摆钟。

二、关键句型Key Structures
l、过去进行时和一般过去时：
两者都是过去发生的动作，但是前者强调过某一时刻正在进行的动作，其结构为was/were + V．-ing;而一般过去时是过去发生完的动作或情况，强调一种结果或状态。两种时态经常配合使用。
例: When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.
我正在给花园浇水的时候下雨了。
As I was getting on the bus, I slipped and hurt my foot.
当我上公车的时候，我摔倒了并弄伤了脚。
2、过去进行时和一般过去时：
1)used to do
“过去常常做...”， 现在已经不这样了，可看成是一般过去时的特殊形式。相当于often
Did---(was/were ...)
例: I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car.
我过去总是乘公共汽车上班，现在我开车去上班。
Before, I often went to work by bus.
例: He used to be a postman a long time ago. He' s a taxi driver now．
很久以前他是一个邮递员，现在他是一个出租车司机。
He was a postman a long time ago.
例: I have given up smoking. I used to smoke very heavily.
我现在戒烟了，我过去吸烟吸的很重。
I often smoked very heavily before.
例: I used to collect stamps when I was a boy.
当我还是小男孩的时候我收集邮票。
My uncle used to live in New Zealand but he' s now living in Australia.
我的叔叔过去住在新西兰，现在住在澳大利亚了。
2)be used to doing习惯（于）做…
become used to doing
get used to doing
例: I used to go to work by bus, but I am used to going by bus.
我过去总是坐公共汽车上班，而现在我习惯开车去上班。
He is used to this kind of job.
他已经对这种工作习惯了。
I am not used to getting up early.
我不习惯于早起。
You'll soon get used to our way of living.
你很快就会习惯我们的生活方式。

Exercise：用正确的时态填空。
l) While my wife ____ (work) in the kitchen, I ____ (sit)in the garden.
I ____ (look) at cars which(pass) in the street, when a small car ____ (stop) outside my gate and man ____ (get) out.
2) I was most surprised to see that the man was Ted Hale. We ____ (be)at the same school years ago. In those days, Ted ____ (come) to our house nearly day and we often ____ (go) out together.
3) We ____ (be) great friends, but one day we ____ (quarrel) and I never ____ (see) him again. As he ____ (get) out of his car, I ____ (call) my life and we both ____ (hurry) out to greet an old friend.
答案：
l) was working was sifting was looking were passing stopped got
2) were/had been used to come /came used to go/went
3) were quarreled saw was getting called hurried

三、课文讲解Text
Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man.
as a young man/when he was a young man
时间状语，交代叙述时间为过去时
experience
1) [u]经验，体验
例 : Experience is the best teacher. I know it from experience.
经验是最好的老师，我凭经验知道的。
2)[C]经验之事，经历
have a pleasant experience有一个愉快的经验
例: Please tell us of your experiences while in Africa.
给我们讲一下你在非洲的经历。
experienced adj．有经验的
例：He is an experienced worked． 他是一个有经验的工人。
a skilled worker 技工

Before he retired, Frank was the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop.
head

1)头
I am taller than my sister by a head.
我比我妹妹高一头。
2)头脑，智力
Two heads are better than one.
)三个臭皮匠顶一个诸葛亮。
3)头目
the head of a firm 公司总裁
4)首位，最高位
例: Who is at the head of your class?
你们班第一名是谁？
5)人头数，人数
ten dollars per head． 每人10美元。
above one' s head （深奥得）使人无法理解
例: The novel is a little above my head.
这个小说我无法看懂。

used to do过去常常做...
例：I used to drink． 我过去常常喝酒。
I didn't use to drink． 我过去不常喝酒。
Did you use to drink? 你过去常常喝酒吗？
[美]有时用：Used (you)to."
例：Used you to drink?你过去常喝酒吗？
I used to ride a bicycle, but now I drive a Cadillac.
我过去常常骑白行车，但是现在我开卡迪拉克。
I used to ride a bicycle, but it was stolen yesterday. so I came here on foot.
I used to like Mary, but now I like Rose.
我过去喜欢Mary，但是现在我喜欢Rose。
I used to be a taxi-driver． 我过去是一个出租车司机。
Oh, really? I didn’t even know you could drive.
哦，真的吗？我不知道你会开车呢。
I used to be a long-distance runner, but I'm so fat now.
我过去是一个长跑运动员，但是现在我太胖了。

It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day.
it是形式主语，不定式才是真正的主语。在英语中。为避免头重脚轻，保持句子整体平衡，用形式主语it来代替真正的长主语：
例： It is quite impossible to finish this large book in a mouth． 一个月看完这本大书是不可能的。
It is necessary for you to recite all the passages.
背诵所有的课文是必要的。
I t is interesting to talk to you．和你谈话真有意思。

He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own.
a small workshop of his own(强调）
/his own small workshop
own放在所有格代词之后，强调特有，固有的意味。
my own ideas 我自己的主意
with my own eyes 亲眼目睹
Do so for your own sake． 为了你自己去那样做。
one s own 目已阴尔四
例：The three children grew up and had families of their own.
那三个小孩长大成人，并且结婚生子。
on one' s own/alone独自，靠自己
例：He runs a factory on his own．他独自经营那家工厂。

In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aero planes. At that time .he had two helpers.
in one' s twenties 在...二十几岁的时候
in one' s early twenties 在...二十出头的时候
in one's late twenties 在...快三十岁的时候
at the age of twenty 在二十岁
in the twenties 在二十年代
in the 1920，S 在二十世纪二十年代
粟配件，备件
aeroplane 飞机

In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which emp~oyed seven hundred and twenty eight people.
定语从句修饰factory

Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success.
remember: recall; think back
hard
1)坚硬的(反义词： soft)
hard wood:坚硬的木头hard rock坚硬的岩石：
2)困难的(difficult)
a hard task to carry out 要执行的艰难任务
3)刻苦的，勤奋的
a hard worker一个勤奋的工人
4)艰苦的
例 These are hard times． 那时是艰难的时期。
5)严厉的，无情的
a hard teacher 一个严厉的老师
the long road to success 漫长的成功之路

He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in*
still adv．仍旧，仍然
例: He was still smiling.

She wanted him to repair their grandson's bicycle!
repair修理
repair /mend /fix
repair a watch 修表 repair a bike 修车
mend shoes 修鞋 mend the road 修路，补路
fix the watch 修理手表
fix the air-conditioner 修理空调

Special difficulties
experience
例:Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences.
Frank Hawkins正在给我讲他的人生阅历。
This job requires a lot of experience.
这种工作需要有丰富的经验。
He is an experienced worker．他是一个有经验的工人。
save
例：He saved money for years． 他攒了很多年的钱。
The young man dived into the river and saved the boy' s life.
那位年轻人调入水中，救了那个男孩的性命。
work/job
例: It was his job to repair bicycles.
I've just found a new job． 我找到了一份新的工作。
I' begin work on Monday． 我从周一开始上班。

选择正确的词填空：
1. He is a very (experience) (experienced) doctor.
2. My father enjoy doing (jobs) (works) about the house.
3. I am looking for a new (work) (job).
4. The government is trying to persuade people to (economize)(save) money.
答案：1. experienced 2. jobs 3. job 4. save

四、练习 Exercises
l. In his twenties, 728 people ____ in workshop.
A. were employed B. employed C. are employed D. employ
分析：
B．employed和D．employ表示“雇佣”，都是主动结构的：
C．are employed是被动语态，但时态不正确：
A．were employed是被动语态，而且是过去式，最符合语法规则。
2. Frank is the _____ of a business company.
A. director B. headmaster C. superior D. leader
分析：
A．（工厂、公司的）主任，指导者； B．（中小学）校长；
C．上级、上司； D．领导，领袖。
答案A
3. Spare parts for aeroplanes are made in Frank' s____.
A. industry B. fabric C. factory D. workhouse
分析：
C．在Frank的工厂中生产的零配件；
A．织物，建筑物的墙、房顶等；
D．贫民救济院，感化院，更加不符合逻辑。
答案C
4. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ____ directed.
A．like B．so C. which D. as
分析： 详细的调查表明有50%的病人不按医嘱吃药。
A．是介词，此处不符合语法规则：
B．是连词，表“因此”，前后逻辑关系不正确；
C．是关系代词，引导定于从句，此处也不符合语法规则；
D．连词，表示“正像，正如”。
答案D

六、补充内容
谚语
1. All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马；可以用不同方法达到同样目的；殊途同归。
2. All stick will serve to beat a dog with.
打狗不愁找不到棍子：欲加之罪，何患无辞。