轮机英语考证学习指南.doc

轮机英语考证
第一篇 轮机英语考证指南
Unit l Main Propulsion Plant（主推进装置）………………………………(1)
Lesson l Ships and Machinery ships（船舶和机械）………………………………………(1)
Lesson 2 How Does a Marine Diesel Engine Work(船用柴油机是如何工作的)…………(6)
Lesson 3 Diesel Engine Construction(柴油机结构)……………………………………(34)
Lesson 4 Fuel Oil System(燃油系统)…………………………………………………(65)
Lesson 5 Central Cooling Water System(中央冷却系统)…………………………………(88)
Lesson 6 Starting System(起动系统)……………………………………………………(102)
Lesson 7 Lubricating System(润滑系统)…………………………………………………(119)
Lesson 8 Gas Exchange Process(换气过程)……………………………………………(138)
Lesson 9 Operation and Maintenance of Main Engine（主机的运行与养护）…………(152)
Lesson 10 Transmission System(传动系统)……………………………………………(192)
Lesson 11 A Leap in Technology for Marine Engines
（船用柴油机技术的一次飞跃）………………………………………………(199)
Lesson 12 ME Engines( ME柴油机)……………………………………………………(201)
Unit 2 Auxiliary Machinery（辅助机械）……………………………………(203)
Lesson 13 Marine Boilers and Their Construction(船用锅炉及其结构)………………(203)
Lesson 14 Boiler Mountings，Management and Maintenance
（锅炉附件、管理及其结构）…………………………………………………(207)
Lesson 15 Marine Pumps(船用泵)………………………………………………………(220)
Lesson 16 Marine Refrigeration(船舶制冷)……………………………………………(241)
Lesson 17 Marine Refrigeration Management and Fault Diagnosis
（船舶制冷装置的管理和故障诊断）………………………………………(254)
Lesson 18 Air Conditioning System(空调系统)…………………………………………(271)
Lesson 19 Bilge Water Treatment System(机舱污水处理系统) ………………………(279)
Lesson 20 Garbage Management and Biological Sewage Treatment
（垃圾处理及生活污水处理）………………………………………………(287)
Lesson 21 Oil Treatment(油的处理)……………………………………………………(292)
Lesson 22 Marine Desalination Plants（船用海水淡化装置）……………………………(301)
Lesson 23 The Hydraulic System and Equipment(液压系统和液压设备)………………(311)
Lesson 24 Cargo Handling Equipment(货物装卸设备) ………………………………(327)
Lesson 25 Anchor Windlass and Mooring Winch(锚机和绞缆机)………………………(330)
Lesson 26 Steering Gear(舵机)…………………………………………………………(334)
Unit 3 Marine Electrization and Automatization
（船舶电气及自动化）………………………………………………………(343)
Lesson 27 Marine Generator(船舶发电机)………………………………………………(343)
Lesson 28 Paralleling Operation of Alternators(发电机并车)……………………………(355)
Lesson 29 Electricity Distribution System（电力分配系统）…………………………(359)
Lesson 30 Marine Electric Equipment(船用电气系统)…………………………………(363)
Lesson 31 Basic Theory of Automatic Control(自动控制系统)…………………………(378)
Lesson 32 Typical Examples of Automatic Control System
（典型的自动控制系统）……………………………………………………(380)
Lesson 33 Basic Meaning of UMS and Its Function
（无人值班机舱基本理论及其功能）………………………………………(382)
Unit 4 Marine Engineering Management轮机管理）…………………(383)
Lesson 34 Stand-by Engine(备车)………………………………………………………(383)
Lesson 35 Watch keeping(值班)…………………………………………………………(387)
Lesson 36 General Rules on Working in Machinery Space
（机舱工作基本规程）………………………………………………………(393)
Lesson 37 Regulations of Fire Fighting(消防规则)………………………………………(399)
Lesson 38 Marine Emergency Arrangement and Equipment
（船用应急装置及设备）……………………………………………………(418)
Lesson 39 Bunkering and Lube Oil Management(加油及润滑油管理)…………………(421)
Lesson 40 Stores and Spare Parts（物料和备件）………………………………………(437)
Lesson 41 Shiprepair and Docking(修船及进坞)………………………………………(439)
Lesson 42 Sea Trials(试航) ……………………………………………………………(444)
Lesson 43 Port State Control（港口国监督）……………………………………………(446)
Unit 5 International Conventions and Regulations
（国际公约及法则）…………………………………………………………(453)
Lesson 44 Basic Principles to be Observed in Keeping an Engineering Watch
（值班应遵守的基本规则）…………………………………………………(453)
Lesson 45 MARPOL 73/78(73/78防污染公约)…………………………………………(458)
Lesson 46 SOIAS Convention(国际海上人命安全公约)………………………………(465)
Lesson 47 ISPS Code（国际船舶和港口设施保安规则）………………………………(468)
Lesson 48 ISM Code(国际安全管理规则)………………………………………………(472)
Lesson 49 Maritime'Labour Convention，2006（2006海事劳工公约）………………477)
Lesson 51 Oil Record Book(油类记录簿) ………………………………………………(478)
Unit 6 Others其它……………………………………………………………………(482)
The Governor of the Diesel Engine（荣油机调速器）……………………………(482)
Trouble Shooting and Remedy of the Diesel Engine（柴油机故障分析和排除）………(485)
Marine Propulsion Plant(船舶推进装置)………………………………………………(516)
Others（其它）……………………………………………………………………………(524)
Unit 7关联题……………………………………………………………………………(542)
Passage 1 …………………………………………………………………………………(542)
Passage 2 …………………………………………………………………………………(542)
Passage 3 …………………………………………………………………………………(543)
Passage 4 …………………………………………………………………………………(544)
Passage 5 …………………………………………………………………………………(545)
Passage 6 …………………………………………………………………………………(546)
Passage 7 …………………………………………………………………………………(547)
Passage 8 …………………………………………………………………………………(548)
Passage 9 …………………………………………………………………………………(549)
Passage 10 …………………………………………………………………………………(550)
Passage 11 …………………………………………………………………………………(551)
Passage 12 …………………………………………………………………………………(552)
Passage 13 …………………………………………………………………………………(553)
Passage 14 …………………………………………………………………………………(555)
Passage 15 …………………………………………………………………………………(556)
Passage 16 …………………………………………………………………………………(557)
Passage 17 …………………………………………………………………………………(558)
Passage 18 …………………………………………………………………………………(559)
Passage 19 …………………………………………………………………………………(560)
Passage 20 …………………………………………………………………………………(561)

第二篇 轮机英语评估指南
第一章 公共用语…………………………………………………………………………(563)
第二章 机舱日常业务……………………………………………………………………(566)
第三章 驾机联系…………………………………………………………………………(576)
第四章 应急用语…………………………………………………………………………(580)
第五章 对外业务联系……………………………………………………………………(587)
第六章 PSC/ISM检查……………………………………………………………………(592)
口述练习题参考答案………………………………………………………………………(601)
问答题练习参考答案………………………………………………………………………(611)
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………(623)
《轮机英语》考试大纲………………………………………………………………………(624)
第一篇 轮机英语考证指南
Unit l Main Propulsion Plant（主推进装置）
Lesson l Ships and Machinery slups（船舶和机械）
0001. The auxiliary engine and a.c.generator can be connected with
A. cam B.crosshead C.bulge D.coupling
注：副机和发电机用联轴节连接，故选Do
0002. The term medium speed diesel engine is currently taken to mean an engine with an operat-
ing rotational speed of_ rpm.
A. below 300 C. between 300 t0 1200 B. above 1200 D. below 1200
注：术语“中速机”是指运行速度介于300 -1200 rpm之间的发动机。(也有说法为300
-1000 rpm)，只能选C，故选Co
0003. The rotating range of the low speed diesel engine is usually lower than____.
A.100 rpm B.200 rpm C.300 rpm D.500 rpm
洼：术语“低速机”是指运行速度小于300rpm的发动机，故选Co
0004. Among the main propulsion uruts on board the ship with the same capacity, the lightest one
1S_ ___．
A.steam engine B.steam turbine C.gas turbine D.diesel engine
注：船舶使用的各种类型的主推进装置中，如果产生的功率相同，装置重量最轻的是燃
气轮机。（比功率大是燃气轮机的优点，同样功率，内燃机中重量最轻，体积也最
小。）故选Co
0005. Conceming diesel propelled vessels, the astem power is to provide for continuous operation
astem____．“
A. equal to that available for ahead operation
B. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm at rated speed
C. while underway and under all normal conditions
D. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm of average continuous sea speed
洼：柴油机驱动的船舶，倒车转速一般是正车额定转速的70%一80%，故选Bo
0006,A diesel engine is operating at 1800 rpm and driving a propeller at 600 rpm. What is the
speed reduction ratio?
A.0. 30 t0 1 B.3.00 t0 1 C.3.33 t0 1 D.33.0 t0 1
注：减速齿轮箱的减速比=曲轴转速／螺旋桨转速=1800/600=3，故选Bo
0007. Engine displacement is equal to the cylinder
A. area times the stroke
B. area times the stroke, times the number of cylinders
C. volume times the stroke
D. volume times the stroke, times the number of cylinders
注：发动机的排量=气缸面积×活塞冲程×气缸数目，选B。
0008. In using reduction gears to obtain efiicient propeller speeds
A. they must be located at the after end of the engine
B. they can only be used with one engine at atime
C. they eliminate the need for controllable pitch propellers
D. they are connected to the engine with aflexible coupling
注：减速齿轮与发动机来用柔性联轴节连接，选D。
0009. Maximum horsepower of a diesel engine is attained （ ）
A. when the engine rpm is pulled down by overload
B. at rated engine rpm
C. at 95%of rated engine rpm
D. at 95%of a properly adjusted governor rpm with the engine under full load
注：柴油机的最大功率是在其额定转速时产生的，故选Ba
The term "moderate speed" was previously interpreted as meaning a speed which would
enable a vessel （ ）witlun half the range of visibility.
A. stopping B.being stopped C.to stop D.to be stopped
注：术语“中等速度”以前被解释为能使船舶在视野的一半距离内被停住的速度。根据
题意船舶被停住要使用被动语态，enable后面要跟动词不定式，故选D。
0011．（ ）can be found on most medium to large merchant vessels even if the main engine iseither a steam turbine or 2-stroke crosshead engine.
A. The medium speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine
B. The low speed 2-stroke crosshead engine
C. The medium speed 2-stroke crosshead engine
D. The low speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine
即使主机是汽轮机，或者是二冲程十字头柴油机，在中到大型的商船上也有采用中速的四冲程筒状柴油机。B中的二冲程机题目中已有，C中的中速二冲程机和D中的低速四冲程机都不对，只有A的中速四冲程机符合题意，故选A。
0012．（ ）allows the engine to be placed wherever is most suitable, as they no longer have to
be aligned with reduction gearing and shafting as is the case with conventional installations.
A. Diesel engine propulsion B.Diesel electric propulsion
C. Steam engine propulsion D.Gas, turbine propulsion
洼：柴油电力推进可以使主机布置在最合适的位置，而不用像传统的推进装置要求与减
速齿轮和轴系对中，根据题意选B。Diesel electric propulsion指柴油电力推进。
0013. Medium speed engines have a（ ）power to weight ratio than the slow speed two strokes,
but due to the higher speeds tend to have （ ） maintenance intervals.
A. higher; reduced B. higher; increased C.lower, reduced D.lower; increased .
第一篇轮机英语考证指南
LUN jl 17NG YU KAO乏砸rG XUE XI脚NrMr
注：中速机比低速二冲程机的功率重量大，但由于速度高，检修周期较短，故选Ao
0014. The diesel engine is similar to the gasoline engine in that____.
A both of them are ignited by compressed air
B. both of them are the forms of external combustion engines
C. both of them have spark plugs
D. the power is developed by the piston in the cylinder ,
注：柴油机类似汽油机在于功率都是由气缸里的活塞产生的，故选Do
0015. The reason why more and more of the large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-
speed diesel engines is____.
A. they operate between 150 and 450 rpm
B they are connected to the propeller by gearing
C. their smaller size and weight
D. they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing
洼：越来越多的大型商船以中速柴油机为动力的原因是它们的尺寸小、重量轻，故选Co
0016. Gas turbines differ from steam turbines in that____.
A. steam rather than gas is used to tum a shaft
B. vapor rather than gas is used to tuma shaft
C.the former uses gas to tum a shaft
D. the latter uses gas to tum a shaft
注：燃气轮机区别于汽轮机在于前者使用燃气去使轴转动，故选Co
0017.A diesel engine which is rated for normal operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 rpm, is
commonly classed as a____.
A. slow-speed diesel B.medium-speed diesel
C. high-speed diesel D.constant=speed diesel
洼：曲轴转速800转／分以额定功率正常运行的柴油机称为中速柴油机，故选Bo
0018. 一is an opening for supplying seawater to condensers, pumps, etc. located in the hull
below the waterline and having means for the attachment of associated piping.
A. Sea chest B.Scupper C.Scuttle D.Sea port
注：海底门是向冷凝器、泵等供应海水的进口，位于水线下方的船壳处，可用于连接相
应的管路，故选Ao scupper排水口，scuttle天窗。
0019.A ship designed for carrying goods requiring refrigeration is called____.
A. reefer B.ro/ro ship C.container D.tanker
注：设计用于运输冷藏物品的船舶是冷藏船，选Ao Ro/Ro ship滚装船。
0020. The depth of the ship below waterline measured vertically to the lowest part of the hull is
caUed____， 、
A. trim B.lean C.draft D.tonnage
注：船舶水线以下垂直到船壳最低点的深度称为吃水线，故选Co ，
0021. Which of the terms listed below represents the operational speed at which excessive engine
vibration is created?
A. Non-harmonic speed. B.Critical speed.
C. Maximum speed. D.Design maximum speed.
注：临界速度代表发动机过度振动产生的运转速度，故选Bo
·3．
轮机英话考证学习指南
LUN 71 17NG TU KAO ~LDVG XUE IT ~Lt NAAr
0022. Which of the devices listed is installed on a diesel engine to isolate some of the crankshaft
vibrations caused by rotational and reciprocating forces?
A. Planetary gear set. B.Torsional vibration damper.
C. Friction clutch. D.Air bladder clutch.
注：装在柴油机的振减振器用来隔离由回转和往复作用力所产生的部分曲轴振动，选B。
Planetary gear行星齿轮。
0023. diesel engine electric starting motors generally require heavier duty motors and operate at
higher voltages than comparable starting motors for gasoline engines due to____.
A. higher speed required B.flywheel-effect
C. lower starting temperatures D.higher compression pressures
洼：因为要更高的压缩压力，柴油机电起动马达与类似的汽油机的起动马达相比，要有
更大的功率和更高的电压，故选D。
0024. Some medium and high-speed diesel engines require reduction gear units to provide a useful
propeller speed. In most reduction gears, the bull gear____.
A. must chum the oil in the sump
B. is connected to the propeller shaft
C. is driven at the highest rpm
D.compensates for alignment variations between the engine and pinion gear
注：中高速柴油机需要减速装置来提供一个可用（有效）的螺旋桨转速。大多数减速装
置，大齿轮与螺旋桨轴连在一起，故选Bo bull gear大齿轮。
0025. When used with reversing reduction gears, medium-speed diesel engines should be bolted
to their foundations with fitted bolts at the drive end and clearance (loosely fitted) bolts in
other locations. This is done to____.
A. maintain alignment when the ship's hull is working in heavy seas
B. ensure engine vibrations correspond to the natural frequency of the hull
C. permit the engine to expand away from the driven equipment as the engine heats up and
expands
D.maintain engine thrust bearing clearances
洼：当与倒车减速装置一起使用时，中速柴油机应该在传动端用装配螺栓与底座连在一
起，而在其它地方则用间隙螺栓固定，这样可使柴油机热膨胀时留有膨胀余地，故
选Co
0026. When transmitted by a reduction gear, diesel engine speed is reduced and the torque avail-
able for work____。
A. remains the same B.is reduced C.is increased D.is eliminated
注：通过减速装置，柴油机速度降低，扭矩增加，故选C。
0027. Which of the following statements is correct conceming available astem power for diesel
main propulsion systems?
A. Astem power is to be provided in a sufficient amount to secure proper control of the ship
in all normal circumstances.
B. The astem power of the main propelling machinery is to provide for continuous operation
astem at 600/0 0f the ahead rpm at rated speed.
C. For main propulsion systems without reversing gears, controllable pitch propellers or e~
·4．
第一篇轮机英语考证指南
LUN西17NG YU KAO Z程rG XUE XI aTII NAN
lectric propulsion drive, rumung astern is not to lead to overload conditions.
D. Astern power available will be equal to ahead power when controllable pitch propellers
are utilized, thus discounting the need for increased operating parameters.
注：倒车功率必须能提供足够的功率确保在各种正常情况下能够对船舶进行适当的控制，
故选A。
0028. When two medium speed diesel engines coupled in parallel to a common propeller shaft that
operates at the same speed as the engines, which o