人教版八年级英语上册第一单元语法知识点归纳.pdf

Unit 1 一、词组、短语：，去度假go on vacation、1 呆在家，stay at home、2 go to the mountains、3 ，进山/上山 到海边去，go to the beach、4 参观博物馆，visit museums、5 go to summer camp、6 去夏令营，相当多，quite a few、7 为学习，study for、8 出去，go out、910 绝大多数时间，/大部分时间most of the time、尝起来味道好，taste good、11 玩的开心，have a good time、12当然可以，of course、13 ,想要/感觉像feel like、14 购物，go shopping、15 在过去，in the past、16 绕走，walk around、17 ，太多（可数名词前面）too many、18 因为，because of、1920,一碗 one bowl of、，发现/查出来find out、21 继续，go on、2223 照相，take photos、重要的事情，something important、24 上上下下，up and down、2526 出来come up、二、习惯用法、搭配 为某人买某物 1.buy sth.for ab./buy sb.sth.尝起来2.taste+adj.3.nothing 除了之外什么都没有)原形.but+V.(看起来 4.seem+(to be)+adj 大地方5.arrive in+到达某地 小地方/arrive at+决定做某事6.decide to do sth.尽力做某事/try to do sth.尝试做某事7.try doing sth.喜欢做某事8.enjoy doing sth.想去做某事9.want to do sth.开始做某事10.start doing sth.停止做某事11.stop doing sth.看起来12.look+adj 不喜欢做某事13.dislike doing sth.呢？.为什么不做14.Why not do sth.15.so+adj+that+如此以至于 从句 做某事 告诉某人（不要）16.tell sb.(not)to do sth.继续做某事 17.keep doing sth.忘记做过某事/forget doing sth 忘记去做某事 18.forget to do sth.三、重点句子 你去哪儿度假的？1.Where did you go on vacation?Where引导的特殊疑问句。where）这是一个由疑问副词1 用来询问地点或场所，用于句首，其后跟一般疑问句。？Where does he live？Where are you from如：）2 ”“去度假go on vacation 他要和家人一起度假。He will go on vacation with his family.假期n n kevacation v【解析】=holiday 去度假take a vacation 在度假on vacation 暑假summer vacation 寒假winter vacation I have a lot of _every year.(vacation)(She went to America.Where did Sarah go on vacation?on vacation A.D.is for vacation C.is on vacation B.take a vacation 你和别人一起去的吗？Did you go with anyone?、2，did这是一个一般过去时的一般疑问句。当含有实义动词的一般过去时的陈述句变为一般疑问句时，需借助助动词，肯定回答为“其它？”+动词原形+主语did+此时后面的实义动词应用原形。其句型结构为“，否定回”+did主语Yes,”t+didn主语No,答为“基本用法 ，通常用在否定句、疑问句或条件从句中。anybody任何人，相当于pron.anyone 我不会告诉任何人我在这儿见过你。t tell anyone I saw you here.I won 如：为什么会有人想要那份工作呢？Why would anyone want that job?同类词-知识拓展 Some every-no-any-everybody 人人everyone nobody 没有人no one anybody 任何人anyone 有人someone 指人 一切事everything 没有事nothing 任何事anything 某物something 指物 到处everywhere 无处，没有地方nowhere 任何地方anywhere 某地somewhere 指地点 注意：构成的符合不定代词作主语时，都作单数看待，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。some-,any-,no-,every-由(1)不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后，作后置定语。(2)如：我想要些喝的。d like something to drink.I这本书中有有趣的东西吗？Is there anything interesting in the book?everyone evriw 任何人n pron anyone eniw某人n pron mwsomeone s】1【解析小结：每人，人人n pron 看望了我的叔叔 3.visited my uncle 还可以意为“参观；游览”visit 后接表示人的名词或代词。,是及物动词，意为“拜访；探望”visit，后接表示地点 的名词。了我的外婆。_上周我去 I visited my grandmother last week.a.b.Do you want to visit Shanghai?b.上海吗？_你想 。意为“参观者；游客”visitor拓展：These visitors come from America._ ）P2（买特别的东西。3.buy anything special 。_。其过去式为及物动词，意为“买；购买”buy）1 My uncle_ _a bike.=My uncle_ _for me.。意为“给某人买某物”buy sth.for sb.=buy sb.sth.拓展：，主要用于疑问句或否定句中。不定代词，意为“某事；某件东西”anything 2)a.t say anything about it.b.I can Do you want to buy anything for me?3)，形容词修饰不定代词时后置。表示“特别的东西”anthing special 这本书里有新的内容吗？Is there_ _in this book?）P2哦，你去有趣的地方了吗？（4.Oh,did you go anywhere interesting?开头的一般疑问句did）本句是1anywhere）2 。用作副词，意为“在任何地方”somewhere 与anywhere辨析：？Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation：eg ，常用于否定句和疑问句中。意为“在任何地方”anywhere t find it anywhere.eg:I can eg:I lost my key somewhere near here.，常用于肯定句中。意为“在某处；到某处”somewhere ）P2（我们在那里拍了不少照片。5.We took quite a few photos there.我们在长城上照了相。eg:We_ _on the Great Wall.。意为“照相；拍照”take photos quite a little 与quite a few辨析：，修饰可数名词复数；不少”;意为“很多quite a few ，修饰不可数名词。不少”;意为“很多quite a little a.He stays here for _ _ _days.瓶子b.There is _ _ _water in the bottle().）P2（我大部分时间只是待在家里读书休息。6.I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.为代词，意为“大部分；大多数”most，其中意为“大部分时间”most of the time 意为“中的大多数”most of拓展 后所修饰的名词。most of，它作主语时，谓语动词取决于 我们大多数人要去公园。a.Most of us_(be)going to the park.大部分的食物都变质了。b.Most of the food_(go)bad.）P3（所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃！Everything tasted really good!7.，其后接形容词构成系表结构。在此为系动词，意为“尝起来”taste 食物尝起来棒极了。The food tastes really great.a.）P3大家都玩得很开心吗？（8.Did everyone have a good time?）+doing（玩得开心have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun eg:We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall.=We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.=We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.）P3你觉得它怎么样？（9.How did you like it?How do/did you like?What do you think of相当用来询问对方的观点或看法，“你觉得怎么样？”意为?=_ _ _ _ your new job?eg:How do you like your new job?）P3你们去购物了吗？（10.Did you go shopping?do some shopping.，同义短语为意为“去购物；去买东西”go shopping 我通常星期天去购物。eg:I usually go shopping on Sundays.，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。”形式表示“去做某事”go+doing“拓展：去远足go hiking 去滑冰go skating 去划船go boating 去游泳go swimming 去钓鱼go fishing 去观光go sightseeing ）P3（我和家人一起去了乡下一个朋友的农场。s farm in the countryside with my family.11.I went to a friend 是名词所有格形式。s farma friend ，表示所属关系。s一般情况下，表示“有生命的人或物”的名词后面加 那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的。s.eg:The red bike is Alice 拓展：名词所有格的构成：s 也要加s,，复数名词词尾没有s）单数名词词尾加1 女孩的钢笔s penthe girl s Day on Children 女鞋s shoeswomen ）复数名词以2 结尾的只加s 教师节 DayTeachers 学生阅览室 reading roomthe students）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有3 ：，则表示“共有”s；只后一个名词有一个，则表示“分别有”sLily and Lucy 的房间。（各自）约翰和凯特 s rooms.s and KateJohn 。（同一个爸爸）莉莉和露西的爸爸s father.构成短语，表示所有关系。.of.）表示无生命的名词一般以4 一幅中国地图a map of China 那个故事的名字the name of the story ）P3（仍然没有人看起来无聊。)即使这样Still no one seemed to be bored.(12.一切似乎很容易。Everything seems easy.：eg。意为“好像；似乎；看来”seem）1 你今天看起来很高兴。You seem happy today.。“看起来”a.seem+adj.拓展I seem to have a cold.。好像做某事”“似乎，b.seem+to do sth.=It seems that I have a cold.我似乎感冒了。看起来好像没有人相信It seems that no one believes you.。“看起来好像；似乎”从句c.It seems/seemed+boring 与bored）辨析：2 ，一般在句中修饰人。意为“厌烦的；感到无聊的”a.bored ，一般在句中修饰事或物。意为“无聊的；令人厌烦的”b.boring 我对他说的话厌烦极了。m _with what he said.a.I：eg 我发现这个故事太无聊了。b.I find the story very_.Section B（二）（二）P5你发现什么活动让人快乐？（What activities do you find enjoyable?1.。形容词，意为“愉快的；快乐的”enjoyable 我确信我们将会有一个愉快的假期。m sure we will have an enjoyable vacation.I P5)（今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。2.I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.表示到达arrive at表示到达较大的地方，如国家、省、市等；arrive in。不及物动词，意为“到达”arrive（注：地点副词较小的地方，如机场、商店、广场、村庄等。前介词省略）there，here，home 地点get to+小地点/arrive at+大地点arrive in+辨析：地点reach+clock yesterday.00 o：)school at 8到达(I：eg ）P5（因此我们决定到旅馆附近的海滩上去。so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel3.eg:They _ _ _the museum.。意为“决定做某事”decide to do sth.他们决定去参观博物馆。他不能决定何时动t decide when _ _(leave)He can动词不定式”做宾语。+后常跟“疑问词decide拓展：身。）P5（姐姐和我尝试了滑翔伞运动。4.My sister and I tried paragliding.此处用作及物动词，其后常接名词、动名词或不定式，意为“尝试；试图，设法；努力”try 她正在试骑我的自行车。She is trying my bicycle.我想试一试。I want to have a try.。，意为“试一试”have a try，常用短语“也可用作名词，意为“尝试”try拓展：try doing sth./try to do sth.辨析：try doing sth.）1 尝试做某事，表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力。尽力、设法去做某事，表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成，强调付出努力设法去完成。try to do sth.）2 我试着给他打电话了，但没有人接听。_ him,but no one answered.a.I _ 我正尽力把英语学好。_ English well._ _ m b.I ）P5（我感觉自己就像一只小鸟。太刺激了！I felt like I was a bird.It was so exciting!5.他感觉像在游泳一样。eg:He feels like he is swimming.。其后常接从句。意为“给的感觉；感受到”feel like）1，“想要”还可意为feel like拓展：feel like doing sth.想要某物feel like sth.即：代词或动名词。其后可接名词、你现在想要一杯茶吗？Do you feel like a cup of tea now?：eg 想要做某事 你想跟我在公园散步吗？Do you feel like _(take)a walk in the park with me?excited 与exciting）辨析：2一般修饰 ，意为“感到兴奋的，激动的”excited 一般修饰某物。，意为“令人兴奋的，使人激动的”exciting 某人。a.The story is_(exciting,excited).：Eg b.He told me the_(exciting,excited)news.c.Sarah was_(exciting,excited)to see the singer.）P5现在有许多新的建筑物（There are a lot of new buildings now 6.。意为“建筑物；楼房”,可数名词 building 动词，build ，）built，built（“建造，建筑”The workers built many tall buildings in our school last year.）P5（我想知道在这儿过去的生活是什么样的。7.I wonder what life was like here in the past.。其后常接此处是及物动词，意为“想知道；琢磨”wonder 等疑问词引导的宾语从句。who,what,why B.who the boy is A.the boy is who 我想知道那个男孩是谁。1.I wonder _.：Eg 我想知道他去哪里了。2.I wonder what they were doing here.）P5（我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。I really enjoyed walking around the town.8.，其后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。及物动词，意为“喜爱；欣赏；享受的乐趣”enjoy）1 你喜欢你的工作吗？a.Do you enjoy your job?)喜欢做某事(enjoy doing sth.我喜欢读书。b.I enjoy reading books.）+doing sth.（玩得开心enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun 拓展：）2 他只是在村庄里随便走走。s just walking around the village.He。意为“四处走走”walk around ）P5（一天的变化有多大呀！9.What a difference a day makes!different；其形容词形式为 可数名词，意为“差别，差异”difference 。，意为“不同的；有差异的”Eg:a.What is the difference between this book and that book?)意为“与不同”(be different from b.My schoolbag is different from yours.）P5（We wanted to walk up to the top,but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.10.。意为“想要做某事”want to do sth.）1 start to do sth.Eg:Tom started learning English last year.，同义短语：意为“开始做某事”start doing sth.）2 ，在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词。也可以修饰不可数名词。意为“一点儿”a little）3 Eg:a.I can draw a little,but only as a hobby._ _ s a little cold outside.b.It c.He can speak a little English._ 在此意为“乘坐”take，意为“乘火车”take the train 4)。所以我们等了一个多小时的因为人太多，11.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people.）P5（火车。Tom was waiting for a bus over there.，其后可接人或物。意为“等候”wait for）1）2 Eg:My father is over 40 years old.。more than，相当于 介词，意为“多于；超过”over Here are over eight hundred students in our school.He always has too many questions to ask me.，其后接可数名词复数。意为“太多”too many 3)可数名词复数too many+辨析：”.意为“太多 ”.不可数名词意为“太多too much+”.意为“太 副词/形容词much too+_ cold.homework to do today.The weather today is _ I have：eg 任何景 而且因为坏天气，我们也没能看到下面的t see anything below.12.And because of the bad weather,we couldn ）P5色（because 与because of辨析：He lost his job because of his age.不能接句子。代词或动名词，、)短语(后可接名词，由于”“因为，意为a.because of t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.I didn，引导状语从句，即接句子。意为“因为”b.because ）P5我爸爸没带足够的钱（t bring enough moneyMy father didn 13.与bring）辨析：1 take 指从别处带到说话者所在地。，意为“带来；拿来”bring 指从说话者所在地带到别处去。，意为“拿走；带走”take 意为“足够的，充分的”enough）21.用来修饰名词时放在名词之前。2.用来修饰形容词或副词，一般置于被修饰词之后。a.We have enough time to do our homework.：Eg b.The box is big enough.）P6（因为我们忘了带雨伞。because we forgot to bring an umbrella 14.forget doing sth.与forget to do sth.辨析：”意为“忘记要做某事（事情还没做）forget to do sth.t forget to close the window.eg:Don eg:I forget closing the window.”意为“忘记做过某事（事情已经做过了）forget doing sth.）P6（大约一小时后，我们停下来喝了些茶。15.About one hour later,we stopped and drank some tea.one hour later）1 _ 一小时前 ；一小时后 ；_，现在分词_，过去式动词，意为“停止；中断”stop）2还可以作名词，意为“饮料”；及物动词，意为“喝；饮”drink）3 。）P7你不喜欢什么东西吗？（16.Did you dislike anything?，其后可接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。意为“不喜欢；厌恶”dislike 玛丽不喜欢汉堡包。the hamburgers.a.Mary _：Eg 我不喜欢玩电脑游戏。computer _ _ b.I ）P8为什么不带呀？（17.Why not?后面需跟动词原形。why not，一般用在疑问句中，表示提建议；意为“为什么不呢”why not ”?动词原形t you+Why don相当于“”?动词原形Why not+注“a.Why not go to the party with me?=Why don 为什么不和我一起去参加聚会呢？t you go to the party with me?为什么不去散步呢？_ take a walk?_ _ _ take a walk?=b._ 我们班上的每一个人都随身带了装有食物和水的提袋。18.Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water.P8（）的后置定语。bag作with some food and water此处介词短语。介词，意为“具有；带有”with 作介词时的其他用法：with拓展：“和一起a.我经常和朋友们一起去上学。I often go to school _ my friend.用刀切苹果。Cut the apple with a knife.，用（工具）以（手段、材料）b.）P8（我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。19.My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.（如此以致）引导的结果状语从句that/such thatso so+adj./adv.+that 1.He is _lovely a boy_we love him very much.：Eg t go to school.The little boy is so young that he can 2.常用的感叹句的结构：20.谓语！+主语+不可数名词/复数名词What+adj.+）1What+a/an+adj.+）2 谓语！+主语+可数名词单数 谓语！+主语+可数名词单数How+adj.+a/an+）3）4 谓语！+主语How+adj./adv.+那本书多么有趣啊！How interesting a book is!=eg:1.What an interesting book it is!2._a clever girl she is!D.Where C.How B.What A.Who D.Where C.How B.What A.Who 3._clever a girl she is!C.How D.Where B.Who A.What 4._important jobs they have done!5._sweet water it is!C.Where D.How B.What A.Who 6._interesting the dog is!B.What C.Where D.How A.Who ）P8进了（我的同学告诉我坚持往前走，因此我便继续前21.My classmates told me to keep going,so I went on.意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事。tell sb.(not)to do sth.）1 老师刚才告诉我们擦窗户。_ _ the window just now.The teacher _ _ 。意为“继续做某事，一直做某事”keep doing sth.）2 昨晚她持续看了两个小时的电视。_ TV for two hours last night.She_ ）P8（大家都兴奋地跳起来。Everyone jumped up and down in excitement.23.，在句中作状语。意为“上上下下；来来回回”up and down 他们上上下下打量我。They looked me _ _ _.：Eg 他在房间里来回走动。He walks_ _ _ in the room.herself,itself,themselves.myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,反身代词：22.等介词后作宾语。by,for,to,of等动词和enjoy,teach,hurt,buy,introduce,dress,kill作动词或介词的宾语：经常在 一年主考宾语回自身 她在自学英语。He is teaching himself English.她自言自语。She was talking to herself.他独自住在乡下。He lives by himself in the country.!请自己去取吧/请随便吃吧！Help yourself!1)别客气！2)Make yourself at home!2)/使你的话被人听得见make yourself heard/understood.3)理解 =learn by oneself 自学4)teach oneself 4)独自5)by oneself 5)为自己；替自己for oneself 6)玩的愉快7)enjoy oneself 给自己穿衣8)dress oneself 具有否定意义，few,little修饰不可数名词。little,a little修饰可数名词，few,a few的用法：23.few,little,a few,a little a few,a little，表示“几乎没有”。具有肯定意义，表示“一些”他几乎没有钱，但是几乎没有学生想借钱给他。He has little money,but few students want to lend money to him.冰箱里还有一些牛奶和一些苹果。There is a little milk and a few apples left in the fridge.