英语翻译translation-practice市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Translation Practice,翻译实践,1/56,Orientation,Content,：,English-Chinese and Chinese-English translation practices,Basic Translation skills and strategies,2/56,3/56,4/56,5/56,Bable Tower,6/56,Translation is the communication of the meaning of a,source-language,text by means of an equivalent,target-language,text.,7/56,Please keep the fire burning.,你眼睛真大。,If you go,I will go.,加紧经济发展速度,8/56,Orientation,Arrangment:,Words,&phrases,sentences,paragraphs,short passages,How to understand a word and put it into another language,Translation skills;how to deal with long complicated stences,Practices of translation skills;,Cohesion and Coherence,Practical styles;,style,function,9/56,Orientation,Objective,：,Able to deal with short passages of practical styles,producing faithful and acceptable translation works,10/56,Orientation,What could you gain from the course?,Prepare yourself for possible translation tasks in the future.,Being aware of the differences between English and Chinese.,Learn about the possible aids in translation.,Transaltion certificates,11/56,翻译资格证书介绍,全国外语翻译证书考试,(CATTI),全国翻译专业资格（水平）考（,NAETI,）,上海外语口译岗位证书,12/56,Orientation,Requirement,Attendance,Participation,13/56,Criteria for a good translation,严复：信、达、雅,faithfulness,expressiveness,gracefulness,faithful&acceptable,14/56,直译与意译,literal translation&liberal translation,The conclusion we reach is that reform can not be put off.,Literal translation,or direct translation,is the translation of text from one language to another word-for-word”,Liberal translation is the translation conveying the sense of the original text.,15/56,I have read your articles.I expected to meet an older man.,The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.,Write my number down in order to remember it.,能直译尽可能直译，不能直译就意译,16/56,语义了解和表示,17/56,reference resources,行为艺术,lined eye,life expectancy,If,Main Street,didnt understand it,Wall Street,did.,18/56,search engine:谷歌,baidu,在线词典：baidu词典,维基百科,翻译数据库：,CNKI,翻译助手（查找专业术语）,计算机辅助翻译软件：,TRADOS,CAT,在线交流：翻译论坛，,QQ,群,19/56,Context,语境,The young man walked at the,head,of the parade.,You should use your,head,a little bit.,The dinner cost five dollars a,head,.,He arranged his speech under five,heads,.,Present at the meeting were the,heads,of government of the four countries.,Heads,or tails?,We are,heading,south.,20/56,台湾,问题,完全是中国内政。,Taiwan _is entirely an internal affair of China.,大城市交通,问题,必须处理。,Traffic _in big cities must be solved.,课后，他向我提了很多,问题,。,He asked many _to me after class.,你计划是个好主意，现在,问题,是我们怎样来实现。,Your plan is a good idea,but the _is how to make it.,21/56,用户对贵企业产品,意见,很大。,The customers have a lot of complaints about your products.,我以为这是个好主意，你,意见,呢？,I think its a good idea.Whats your opinion?,我一定听从您,意见,。,Ill follow your advice.,22/56,上膘,上当,上吊,上冻,上火,上课,上年纪,上相,上春晚,get fat,be taken in,hang oneself,to freeze,get angry,attend the class,get old/age,look well in a photo/be photogenicattend the Spring Festival Gala,23/56,Cultrual background,Culture-loaded words:words that reflects cultural information and social life,Adams apple,He respected Tom.He was his man Friday.,It is a,Greek gift,to you.,Trojan Horse,伴随该法规出台，出版社有了,紧箍咒,。,With the regulation issued,publishers are supervised.,24/56,语义表示,怎样选择最为恰当表示？,依据上下文，充分考虑,惯用搭配，感情色彩，语体和文体等,惯用搭配：驾崩，阵亡，夭折,感情色彩：褒义：逝世，与世长辞,贬义：玩完了，咽气了,中性：死亡，,语体：书面语：逝世，过世,口语：没了，走了,文体：新闻：罹难，遇难,科技说明文，法律文书,:,死亡,文学作品：驾鹤西游，香消玉殒,25/56,These were all,good,eggs.,这都是新鲜鸡蛋。,Yesterday,we,went to,the museum and parks and restarant.,昨天我们参观了博物馆，逛了公园，还下了馆子。,In an effort to,reach,more readers,many publications have established their own websites.,为了,争取,更多读者，很多出版物建立了自己网站。,Ambition,is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.,野心,不但是毁灭根源，也是罪恶根源。,Her,ambition,was to be a great actress.,她,志向,是成为一名伟大演员。,I am writing the letter to convey my gratitude to your company.,我,谨,借本信向,贵,企业表示感激,/,致谢。,26/56,归化和异化,to kill tow birds with one stone,一石两鸟，一箭双雕，一举两得,归化（,domestication,）和异化（,foreignization,）,归化：使翻译文本符合译入语文化价值和审美情趣翻译方法,异化：使翻译文本保留源语语言文化特色翻译方法。,27/56,Examples of Domestication,Wet like a drown rat,Seek a hare in a hens nest,Cry up wine and sell vinegar,to paint the lily,a heart-shaped face,I got an O.Henry ending.,Two heads are better than one,as poor as a church mouse,laugh off ones head,挥金如土,力大如牛,28/56,Examples of Foreignization,豆腐，功夫，饺子，麻将，关系,DINK,hacker,salad,chain-store,to shed crocodiles tear,Rome was not built in a day.,A rolling stone gathers no moss.,29/56,Review,翻译标准：,忠实、通顺,所谓“忠实”，是指译者应该正确地了解和表示原文意思，保持原作语气和文本格调。“通顺”，是指译文文字流畅地道，遣词造句应该符合译语语法规范和表示习惯。在翻译实践中，译者应该恰当处理二者关系，防止译文生硬艰涩。,30/56,翻译两大基本方法：,直译（,literal translation,）,vs,意译,(liberal translation),归化,(Domestication)vs,异化,(Foreignization),31/56,直译：既保持原文内容又保持原文形式翻译方法（形似）。要求在保持内容前提下，力争使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及格调等方面尽可能趋于一致。,意译：忠实于原文内容而不拘泥于原文形式与修辞手法翻译方法（神似）。即在必要时，能够完全舍弃原文形式.,32/56,直译（,literal translation,）,vs,意译,(liberal translation),英汉翻译方法很多，其中最主要方法是直译和意译或直译意译结合。直译不是死译、硬译，而是在尽可能保持原文,语言形式不变,基础上，用地道汉语准确地再现原文,内容和格调,。意译不是乱译、随心所译，而是,舍其形式而取其内容,，在不拘泥于原文形式基础上准确地再现原文意义。,在翻译实践中，我们普通坚持“,能直译则直译，不能直译则意译，必要时则把直译和意译结合起来”,标准。,33/56,I wrote a letter to Mary who I belived,could lend me a hand.,我写信给我相信能借我一只手玛丽。,我写信给我相信能帮助我玛丽。,我写信给玛丽，相信她能帮我。,我相信玛丽能帮我，于是给她写了信。,34/56,文化信息：,专有名词：,black horse,馄炖,chain-store,一国两制,习语俗语：,as close as an oyster,It rains cats and dogs.,归化：使翻译文本符合译入语文化价值和审美情趣翻译方法（用译入语中相同表示替换）,异化：使翻译文本保留译出语语言文化特色翻译方法（音译、直译）,You are as smart as King Solomon.,35/56,我就是,跳进黄河,也洗不清。,It cant make me clean even if I jump into the Yellow River.,Nothing could bring back my,innocence.,36/56,词义引申,这些问题,盘根错节,。,These problems are,too complicated.,他万万没有想到在他前进道路上会出现这么多,拦路虎,。,He had never expected that so many,obstacleswould stand in his way.,这消息让我,出了一身冷汗,。,I was,extremely terrified,by that news.,这是他们之间事情，你去,插一脚,干嘛？,Thats a business of them.Why should you,get involved in it,?,37/56,语义了解两要素：,Context,Cultural nbackground,38/56,她正在梳,头,。,一辆小车停在桥西,头,。,让我从,头,讲起吧。,Please tell me if you can help us.,Im sure Ill beat John this time.,39/56,翻译表示四要素：惯用搭配，感情色彩，语体和文体,He is a man of,great,knowledge and experience.,He is a,good,Christian.,Hes very,sensitive,about being small,so dont mention it.,When I need advice,he is a helpful and,sensitive,friend.,40/56,A Brief History of Translation,41/56,中国翻译史,佛经翻译,科技翻译,西方政治思想和文学翻译,马克思主义传输，五四之后,1,2,3,4,汉代至唐宋,明清交替之际,清末民初,民国之后,42/56,佛经翻译,西汉末 佛教传入中原，东汉时开始了佛经翻译,安世高,:,佛经汉译创始人,东汉末至西晋,主力是外籍僧人和胡裔,无书面原文，合作翻译,直译,43/56,佛经翻译,东晋至南北朝,道 安,总结了比较完善直译标准,集体翻译,有了梵文原本,翻译理论和技巧有了进步,佛教作为统治工具,44/56,南无”，是梵文,Namas,音译，读作那谟，亦译作“南谟”等，意为致敬、,归敬,、,归命,，是,佛教,信徒一心归顺于佛用语，惯用来加在佛、,菩萨,名称或经典题名之前，表示对佛、法尊敬和虔信。“,阿弥陀佛,”，是梵文,Amitabha,音译，密教称甘露王，他是“西方,极乐世界,”教主，他能,接引,念佛,人往生“西方,净土,”，故又称为“接引佛”，意译为“无量寿佛”、“无量光佛”。,阿弥陀经,称，信徒只要一心念诵,阿弥陀佛,名号,并深信不疑，死后就可往生“西方极乐,净土,”。,45/56,法显,是我国有文字记载抵达中印度、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚第一人也是世界上横穿中亚、南亚次大陆并由南洋海路回到中国第一人,46/56,鸠摩罗什,与真谛、玄奘、不空齐名称四大佛经翻译家,金刚经,临终前他说：“今于众前，发老实誓：若所传无谬者，当使焚身之后，舌不焦烂”。果然火化之后“薪灭形碎，唯舌不灰”。,47/56,唐宋时期,主译为本国僧人为多且都精通梵汉深晓佛理译经计划性强节译少全译多译场制度完备所译佛经忠实原著。四大佛经翻译家有两人玄奘和不空出自唐代,玄 奘,他是公认佛经翻译大师。他亲自去印度取经，带回经书,600,余卷，其中二分之一以上由他译出。他主张以”信“为本兼顾其它翻译思想。,48/56,汉魏至隋唐期间随著佛教文化广泛渗透为中国传统文化带来了数万条词语在汉语词汇中留下了浓厚佛教文化气息使汉语中成语、词汇愈加丰富、五彩斑斓对中华民族传统文化产生了深远影响,如：惯用词语都有近五百条。比如：,现在、如实、实际、真谛、单位、迷信、无常、净土、慈悲、相对、如是、上乘、有缘、化身、忏悔、生老病死、菩萨心肠、大千世界不可思议、一丝不挂、芸芸众生、想入非非、三心二意、在灾难逃、苦海无边、回头是岸、执迷不悟、恍然大悟、当头棒喝、走火入魔、十八层地狱、十八罗汉、十恶不赦等等。,即使我们可能不懂佛法但确实已经潜移默化受到了佛法熏陶,49/56,科技翻译（明清交替）,徐光启,被尊为“科学译祖”,利玛窦,徐光启和利玛窦合译了,6,卷欧几里得几何原本，还独译了不少天文地理等方面著作。,50/56,南怀仁,汤若望,51/56,西方政治思想和文学翻译（清末民初）,严 复,他提出“信，达，雅”翻译标准,。,天演论,52/56,林 纾,他和他合作者以口述笔记方式译了一百六十多部文学作品。如小仲马,巴黎茶花女遗事,，笛福,鲁滨逊漂流记,，狄更斯,大卫,科波菲尔,53/56,马克思主义传输，五四之后,鲁 迅,他是翻译工作上理论与实践相结合典范。他对翻译标准主要观点是：“凡是翻译，必须兼顾着两面，一当然力争,易解，一则保留着原作丰姿。”,译作有：,日本厨川白村著论文,苦闷象征,，,果戈里,死魂灵,。契诃夫作,坏孩子和别奇闻,高尔基作,俄罗斯童话,54/56,傅 雷,巴尔扎克,人间喜剧,临画，所求不在形似而在神似。,55/56,西方翻译史,翻译在西方已经有两千多年历史，出现过五次高潮。,第一次高潮,是在公元前,3,世纪中叶。当初最著名译作为,希腊文旧约圣经,。,第二次高潮,发生于公元,4,世纪至,6,世纪之间。它与基督教发展亲密相关。,第三次高潮,是,11,至,12,世纪之间。主要是从阿拉伯语译成拉丁语，希腊语译成古叙利亚语。这一高潮连续了近百年。,第四次高潮,是,14,至,16,世纪欧洲文艺复兴运动。这段时期翻译活动深入到宗教,，,思想，政治，哲学和文学等众多领域，翻译活跃，译作类别，数量和质量都到达了历史颠峰。,56/56,