大体解剖学要求掌握的专业英语词汇(含翻译).doc

大体解剖要求掌握的专业英语词汇
一、绪论、运动系总论
能够阅读理解下列专业英语词汇：gross [ɡrəus] anatomy[ənætəmi]大体解剖; neuroanatomy [njuərəulɔdʒikəl]神经; the head头部, neck颈部, upper limbs[lim]上肢, lower limbs[lim]下肢, thorax胸部, abdomen[æbdəmən]腹部, pelvis[pelvis]骨盆, perineum会阴, back and vertebral [və:tibrit] region[ri:dʒən]背部和脊柱区; locomotor system运动系统; alimentary system消化系统; respiratory system呼吸系统; urinary [juərineit] system泌尿系统; reproductive
system生殖系统; endocrine system内分泌系统; circulatory system循环系统; nervous system中枢神经系统; sense organs感觉器官; vertical
axis 纵轴; horizontal plane水平面; superior 上/inferior下; cranial颅/caudal尾; anterior前/posterior后; ventral腹侧/dorsal侧; medial内侧/lateral外侧; internal 内/external外; superficial浅/profundal深; proximal近端 /distal远端; ulnar尺侧/radial桡侧; tibial胫侧/fibular腓侧；bones骨; joints关节; skeletal muscle骨骼肌; process进程; spine脊柱; eminence隆起; tuberosity粗隆; tubercle结节; crest嵴; line线; fossa窝; fovea凹; foveola; sulcus沟; impression压迹; sinus窦; antrum胃窦; cellules ; canal管; meatus ; aperture孔; foramen孔; hiatus （裂缝）; capitulum （骨小头）; condyle髁; epicondyle髁; synovial joints滑膜关节; articular surface关节面/capsule囊/cavity腔; flexion曲/extension伸; adduction收/abduction展; rotation回旋运动; pronation旋前/supination旋后; inversion 内翻/eversion外翻; circumduction环转; origin起点; insertion止点; fascia筋膜; retinaculum ; synovial bursa滑膜囊/sheath腱鞘二、内脏学、内分泌学总论
能够阅读理解下列专业英语词汇：二、内脏学、内分泌学总论
alimentary tract消化道 oral cavity口腔 ; pharynx咽 ; esophagus食管; stomach胃; duodenum十二指肠; jejunum空肠; vermiforml阑尾
ileum回肠; cecum盲肠; ascending colon升结肠transverse colon横结肠descending colon降结肠sigmoid colon乙状结肠; rectum直肠; anal canal肛管; digestive glands消化腺; salivary glands唾液腺; parotid gland腮腺; submandibular gland颌下腺; sublingual gland舌下腺; liver肝脏; pancreas胰腺; respiratory tract呼吸道; nose鼻子;; pharynx咽; larynx喉; trachea气管; principal bronchi主支气管; lungs肺; kidney肾; ureter输尿管; urinary bladder膀胱; urethra尿道; testis睾丸; ductus deferens输精管; ejaculatory duct射精管; prostate前列腺; seminal vesicle精囊; bulbourethral gland尿道球腺; penis阴茎; scrotum阴囊; ovary卵巢; uterine tube输卵管; uterus子宫; vagina阴道; pituitary gland垂体; pineal body松果体; thyroid gland甲状腺; adrenal gland肾上腺

三、脉管学、感觉器、神经系统总论
能够阅读理解下列专业英语词汇： cardiovascular system 心血管系统; heart 心脏; artery 动脉; vein 静脉; capillary 毛细血管; systemic circulation 体循环; pulmonary circulation 肺循环; lymphatic system 淋巴系统; lymphatic capillary /vessel /trunk /duct毛细淋巴管/淋巴管/淋巴干/淋巴导管; tonsil 扁桃体; lymph node 淋巴结; thymus 胸腺; spleen 脾; central nervous system 中枢神经系统; spinal cord 脊髓; brain 大脑; peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统; spinal nerve 脊神经; cervical nerve 颈神经; thoracic nerve 胸神经; lumbar nerve 腰神经; sacral nerve 骶神经; coccygeal nerve 尾骨神经 ; cranial nerve 脑神经; olfactory nerve嗅神经; optic nerve 视神经; oculomotor nerve 动眼神经; trochlear nerve 滑车神经; trigeminal nerve 三叉神经; abducent nerve 展神经; facial nerve 面神经; vestibulocochlear nerve 前庭蜗神经; glossopharyngeal nerve 舌咽神经; vagus nerve 迷走神经; accessory nerve 副神经; hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经; somatic nerve 躯体神经; visceral nerve 内脏神经; sympathetic /parasympathetic nerve 交/副交感神经; visual apparatus 视觉器官; vestibulocochlear organ 前庭蜗器

四、下肢
（一）下肢骨及其连结
1 hip bone 髋骨 2 iliac crest 髂嵴 3 anterior superior iliac spine 髂前上棘
4 ischial spine 坐骨棘 5 ischial tuberosity 坐骨结节 6 pubic tubercle 趾骨结节
7 acetabulum 髋臼 8 femur 股骨 9 femoral head 股骨头
10 greater trochanter 大转子 11 medial /lateral condyle内/外侧踝 12 patella 髌骨
13 tibia 胫骨 14tibial tuberosity胫骨粗隆
15 medial/lateral malleolus 内侧/外踝
16 fibula 腓骨 17 tarsal bones 跗骨 18 pubic symphysis 耻骨联合
19 obturator canal 闭孔频道 20 pelvis 骨盆 21 hip joint髋关节
22 knee joint 膝关节 23 patellar ligament 髌韧带
24 fibular/tibial collateral ligament 腓骨/胫骨韧带
25 anterior /posterior cruciate ligament 前/后交叉韧带
26 medial/lateral meniscus 内侧/外侧半月板
27 ankle joint 踝关节 28 greater sciatic foramen 更大坐骨神经孔
29 lesser sciatic foramen 较低坐骨神经孔 30 terminal line 终端线

（二）下肢前面浅层和股前内侧区
能够阅读理解下列专业英语词汇：
great/small saphenous vein大/小隐静脉
uperficial inguinal lymph nodes浅腹股沟淋巴结;
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve股外侧皮神经; saphenous nerve隐神经;
fascia lata阔筋膜; quadriceps femoris股四头肌; iliopsoas髂;
adductor brevis短收肌; adductor hiatus收肌腱裂孔； iliotibial tract髂胫束；
lacuna musculorum肌腔隙 lacuna vasorum血管腔隙； femoral sheath股鞘
femoral canal股管 ； femoral triangle股三角； adductor canal收肌管
三）小腿前外侧区和足背
能够阅读理解下列专业英语词汇：retinaculum韧带; anterior tibial artery胫前动脉; deep/superficial peroneal nerve深/腓浅神经; dorsal artery of foot背动脉足; common peroneal nerve腓总神经;;;;

（四）下肢后面浅层，臀区和股后区
能够阅读理解下列专业英语词汇：sural nerve腓肠神经; gluteus maximus臀大肌; piriformis梨状肌; suprapiriform /infrapiriform foramen ————; superior /inferior gluteal artery /nerve臀上 /臀下动脉/神经; sciatic nerve坐骨神经; pudendal nerve阴部神经; internal pudendal artery内部阴部动脉; hamstring muscle腿筋肌肉

（五）腘窝和小腿后区
能够阅读理解下列专业英语词汇：tibial nerve胫神经; popliteal artery腘动脉; triceps surae小腿三头; gastrocnemius腓肠肌; soleus比目鱼肌; posterior tibial artery胫后动脉; tibialis anterior胫前; flexor digitorum longus屈指长肌; flexor hallucis longus屈拇长肌；popliteal fossa腘窝；malleolar canal踝管.

六、上肢
（一）上肢骨及其连结
1 clavicle 锁骨 2 scapula 肩胛骨 3 acromion 肩峰
4 coracoid process 喙突 5 scapular notch 肩胛切迹
6 humerus 肱骨 7 greater tubercle 更大结节 8 radius 半径
9 radial tuberosity 径向结节 10 ulna 尺骨 11 carpal bones 腕骨
12 scaphoid bone 手舟骨 13 pisiform bone 豌豆骨 14 shoulder joint肩关节
15 elbow joint肘关节 16 humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节
17 humeroradial joint 肱桡关节 18 proximal radioulnar joint桡尺近侧关节
19 wrist joint 腕关节 20 coracoacromial arch 喙拱
21 anatomical neck and surgical neck解剖颈部和外科颈

（二）臂、前臂前面浅层，胸前外侧区和腋窝
能够阅读理解下列专业英语词汇：breast 乳房; pectoralis major 胸大肌; axillary腋静脉; thoracoacromial artery 胸肩峰动脉; lateral thoracic artery 胸外侧动脉; subscapular artery 肩胛下动脉; posterior humeral circumflex artery旋肱后动脉; brachial plexus 臂丛；media l/lateral pectoral nerve胸内侧神经; musculocutaneous [ˌmʌskjʊləʊkjuːˈteɪnɪəs] nerve 肌皮神经; median nerve 正中神经; radial nerve 桡神经; ulnar nerve 尺神经; cephalic vein 头静脉; basilic vein 贵要静脉; median cubital vein肘正中静脉；suspensory ligament of breast /Cooper’s ligament 乳房悬韧带；clavipectoral fascia锁胸筋膜；axillary fossa 腋窝；axillary sheath 腋鞘.

（三）臂前区，肘窝和前臂前区
biceps brachii肱二头肌; brachial artery肱动脉; radial artery桡动脉; ulnar artery尺动脉; brachioradialis肱桡肌; pronator teres旋前圆肌；cubital fossa肘窝.
（四）手掌
palmar aponeurosis掌腱膜; superficial /deep palmar arch肤浅/掌深弓; thenar space鱼际空隙; middle palmar space掌中间隙； carpal canal. 腕管
（五）背部浅层和肩胛区
trapezius ; latissimus dorsi掌腱膜; deltoid三角肌; accessory nerve副神经；trilateral foramen三边空 quadrilateral foramen四边孔 musculotendinous cuff肌腱袖

（六）臂、前臂后区和手背
triceps brachiii肱三头肌； radial nerve桡神经； snuff box. 鼻烟窝