新概念英语第二册笔记第57课.doc

Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam? 你要买什么夫人
【Text】

A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.

【课文翻译】
一位穿着牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前. 她虽然犹豫了片刻, 但终于还是走进了商店, 要求把陈列在橱窗里的一件衣服拿给她看. 接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮, 轻蔑地看了她一眼后, 便告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了. 这位妇女怒气冲冲地走出了商店, 决定第二天教训一下那个售货员. 第二天上午, 她又来到这家商店, 穿了一件裘皮大衣, 一只手拎着一只手提包, 另一只手拿着一把长柄伞. 找到那个无礼的售货员后, 她还要看昨天的那件衣服. 那个售货员没有认出她是谁, 这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤. 费了好大劲几, 他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服. 这位妇女对那件衣服只看一眼, 就说不喜欢. 她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来, 最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件.

【New words and expressions】
madam n. （对妇女的尊称）太太，夫人
jeans n. 牛仔裤
hesitate v. 犹豫，迟缓
serve v. 接待（顾客）
scornfully adv. 轻蔑地
punish v. 惩罚
fur n. 裘皮
eager adj. 热切的，热情的

一． 单词讲解：

★ madam n. (对妇女的尊称)太太; 夫人
Eg: Doctor: Well, madam, have you taken his temperature? 
医生：嗯，太太，你给他量过体温了吗？

★ jeans n. 牛仔裤
trousers [5traJzEz] n.裤子, 长裤
pants [pAnts] n.裤子, 短裤
Eg: I quickly stripped my jeans off myself.  
我飞快地把我的牛仔裤脱掉

★ hesitate v. 犹豫, 迟疑
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做……
make up one's mind 下决心做……
hesitation [7hezi5teiFEn] n. 犹豫, 踌躇
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
Without hesitation he refused my request.

★serve v. 接待(顾客)
① vt.&vi. 帮佣，当仆人，给……干活
serve sb. 为某人而服务
Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.
②vt.&vi. 服务；服役；供职
She served the firm as a secretary for two years.
Have you ever served in the army?
③ vt.&vi. 接待（顾客）
The assistant was eager to serve her this time.
Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.
service [5sE:vis] n. 服务, 服务性工作, 服役, 仪式；vt. 保养, 维修
adj.(军队)服现役的, 服务性的, 仆人的, 耐用的
At your service. 乐于为您效劳。

★scornfully adv. 轻蔑地
look down upon/on 看不起，瞧不起……
He looks down on me.

★punish v. 惩罚
punishment n. 惩罚
capital punishment 极刑

★fur n. 裘皮
mink n. 貂皮

★eager adj. 热切的, 热情的
be eager to do sth. 急于做某事

二． Key structures：
用于表示地点和位置的介词和副词in, at和off;用于描写人的介词in和with
在第9课的语法中，我们学习了引导时间状语的介词in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33课的语法中，我们学习了表示方向和目的地的介词和副词，如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。

（1）在表示地点和位置时，说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等，而in则表示里面或包围的含义：
I stopped at London on the way to New York.去纽约的途中我曾在伦敦停留。（伦敦是途中的一个点）
I live in London.我住在伦敦。（伦敦"包围着"他）
We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.
我们今天下午在电影院见了面。他在售票处附近等我。
We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.
我们在河里游泳时简坐在汽车里。

（2）off常与动词连用，表示位置的变化，即"与……分离"，可译为"脱掉"、"脱落"等，其反义词为on:
The handle of my suitcase has come off. 我手提箱的提手掉下来了。
He took the cup off the shelf. 他把杯子从架上拿了下来。

（3）描写人时，in通常用于表示穿着，with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着什么：
Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.
昨天她穿着牛仔裤。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesn't he?
约翰穿那套制服时看上去非常英俊，是不是？
He looks handsome in anything!
他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊！
The man with a beard over there is Sam.
那边那个留着胡子的人是萨姆。
The police say the woman they're looking for has a red handbag/red hair.
警方说他们正在寻找的那位妇女有一个红色的手提包/一头红发。
There's a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!
那边就有一位带着红色手提包/长着一头红发的妇女！
A child came along with a brown dog.
一位带着一条棕色的狗的小孩走了过来。

2．make与let
这两个动词后面都跟不带to的不定式，但意义和用法上有区别。
（1）make+名词/代词+不带to的不定式表示"迫使"、"致使"：
That beard makes you look much older than you really are.
您的胡须使您看上去比您的实际年龄大得多。
What made him change his mind?
是什么使他改变了主意？
She made the assistant bring almost everything in the window.
她迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来。

在被动语态中含有上述意义的make后面必须带to:
He was made to work fourteen hours a day.
他被迫一天工作14小时。
He was made to change his mind.
他被迫改变了主意。
（2）let有两种用法，一是用于祈使句，建议包括说话者在内的人采取某一行动：
Let's not waste any more time.我们别再浪费时间了。
Let's take a taxi.我们坐出租车吧。
其否定形式除Let's not…外也可以用Don't let's…:
Don't let's waste any more time.我们别再浪费时间了。
这种祈使句中的let相当于助动词。

let的第2种用法是表示"允许"，其结构与make相同，即 let+名词/代词+不带to的不定式。如果宾语是us,则不能缩写成let's:
Please let us have more time, will you?
请多给我们一点时间好吗？
I won't let you ride my bicycle.
我不让你骑我的自行车。
Let him speak.
让他说话。
let后面可以跟一个被动的、不带to的不定式：
He let it be known that the house was his.
他让大家知道那房子是他的。
但是let一般不用于被动意义来表示"被允许"，这时可用allow:
They didn't let us speak.他们没有让我们讲话。
We were not allowed to speak.我们没有被允许讲话。

三． 课文讲解：
1、A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop.

一位穿着牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前.
Stand 忍受
I can't stand bad manners.
Lily can't stand working in an office.
I can't stand people smoking around me when I'm eating.

at the window 在橱窗旁边 at the table ( he sat at the table )
do window shopping (表示在橱窗外面购物)
a woman in jeans 一个穿牛仔裤的妇女

2、Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window.
她虽然犹豫了片刻, 但终于还是走进了商店, 要求把陈列在橱窗里的一件衣服拿给她看
ask to do sth. 请求做某事
see a doctor
see a film
see sb. off 为某人送行
see eye to eye 完全同意

3、The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.
接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮
dress sb. 给某人穿衣服
Mother is dressing her baby.
I dress myself.自己给自己穿衣服（反身代词是不能做主语的,故 I am dressed.）
dress表示“穿着，打扮”时常用被动语态
be dressed in
She is dressed in jeans.
Why is your aunt dressed in black?

the way 可以直接加定语从句, 不需要引导词
I don’t like the way she eats. 我不喜欢她吃饭的样子
The way she eats annoyed me. 她吃饭的样子让我烦
I cooked in the way you taught me.
I like the way you did... 我喜欢你做的„„方式

4. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold.
轻蔑地看了她一眼后, 便告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了.
Glancing at her scornfully 现在分词短语表伴随状态
be sold 被售出

5.The woman walkded out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day.
这位妇女怒气冲冲地走出了商店, 决定第二天教训一下那个售货员.
punish the assistant教训这个售货员

6. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.
第二天上午, 她又来到这家商店, 穿了一件裘皮大衣, 一只手拎着一只手提包, 另一只手拿着一把长柄伞.

◆with sth. in hand手上拿着（with+名词(或代词)+介词短语）
He went to the theatre with a book in one hand.
他手上拿着一本书去了电影院
She came in , with a book in her hand .
她进来了，手里拿着一本书。
◆the following morning 相当于 the next morning 第二天早上
the following day 相当于 the next day 第二天
◆ dressed in a fur coat 穿着裘皮大衣。dressed in是过去分词短语作伴随状语
◆ in one hand…in the other
一只手里…另一只手里
on the one hand…on the other hand
（一方面…另一方面，通常引出相互矛盾的观点，意见等）
eg On the one hand, you accepted his gift; on the other hand, you are rude to him. What are myour actual attitude to him?
一方面你接受他的礼物，另一方面，你对他很粗鲁，你到底什么态度呀

7、After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.
找到那个无礼的售货员后, 她还要看昨天的那件衣服.

seek out 找出, 找到
（seek---sought---sought）
He sought out the thief in the crowd.
Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.

Rude 无理的，没有礼貌的
It is rude to stare.
瞪眼看人是无礼的。
It's rude to point.
用手指人是不礼貌的。
She was also rude to Mr. Brooke.
她对鲁先生也很无礼。

8、Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.
那个售货员没有认出她是谁, 这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤.
现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时，其否定形式是在它前面加上not，without 或 never等否定词。这些词有时可互换，有时则不可：
Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief. Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事

像eager，glad，pleased，sorry等描述感觉的形容词作表语时后面往往跟不定式：
They are all eager to come.
I’m pleased to work with you.

9. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it.
费了好大劲几，他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。这位妇女对那件衣服只看一眼，就说不喜欢。
◆With + 抽象名词
这个结构在句子中作状语，与该名词的副词形式相同：
with confidence; with pride;
He fell asleep with the light on.
他睡着了，灯还亮着。（伴随情况）
I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。（伴随情况）
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。（伴随情况）
With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。（原因状语）
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状语）
◆As soon as一„ 就 hardly„.when / no sooner than

10、She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来,最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件.
make so do sth
buying是和making并列的动名词短语，这个动名词短语又包含一个定语从句，修饰其中的dress 看主要部分就是：
making sb do (and) buying sth (which) she had asked for.
（1）enjoy oneself doing sth.表示“从„„中得到乐趣”：
He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.
他让那条狗追逐乞丐，并从中取乐。
（2）make后面的动词不定式不加to（cf．本课词汇学习）
'They made him take the examination again.'
be made to do sth: 'He was made to take the examination again.'

【语法精粹】

1、The ___b___ news made them _____.
a. excited/exciting b.exciting/excited
c. exciting/to be excited d.excited /excited
make sb. do sth.；make sth. +形容词
Make the room warm.

3、____d___, all the quarrels came to an end.
a. The lost money was found b. Was the lost money found
c. Because the lost money found d. With the lost money found
quarrel [5kwCrEl] n. 吵架, 反目, 怨言, 争吵的原因；vi. 吵架, 争论, 挑剔
a. 出现了两个主语和谓语动词 b. 也不对, 原因相同
c. Because + 从句, 缺 was d. 对, with后面不能加句子
非谓语动词表达被动含义，而不作谓语

4、Many of our dreams ___d___ impossible in the past have come true.
a. were considered b. to be considered c. considering d.considered
不定式除了表示目的外，还可以表示将要发生的事(在时间上)
V-ing表示动作处于现阶段，表达主动；V-ed 表示已经做过了，表达被动.
b,d 的不同在于 “in the past” 时态上的差别

6、After a whole day’s heavy work,the old worker returned home,____a___
a. hungry and exhausted b. hungry and exhausting
c. hungry and being exhausted d. huangry and exhaust
exhaust [i^5zC:st] vt. 用尽, 耗尽, 抽完, 使精疲力尽；vi. 排气
n. 排气, 排气装置；adj. 用不完的, 不会枯竭的