新目标英语七年级上册第四单元-知识点精析与应用.pdf

新目标英语七年级上册第四单元新目标英语七年级上册第四单元 知识点精析与应用知识点精析与应用 知识点精析与应用知识点精析与应用1Where is/are？在哪里？在哪里？这是询问物品位置或方位的一种简单的提问方式，句中动词 be 的形式是根据句中主语的单复数（或不可数名词）而确定的。例如：Where is Lucys coat（可数名词单数）？Lucy 的大衣在哪？Where are the balls（可数名词复数）？球在哪里？Where is the coke（不可数名词）？可乐在哪里？2on:介词，有以下几个用法：（1）（在一表面）上的，例如：I can see some flowers on the table.我可以看见桌上有一些鲜花。（2）由支持，附着在上面，例如：These wheels are on my car.这些轮子是我车上的。There are a lot of apples on the tree.这棵树上有许多苹果。（3）朝方向，例如：The soldiers march on Rome.士兵们向罗马前进。Lucys friends are on the way to Shanghai.Lucy 的朋友们在去上海的路上。This building is on the right of the post office.这幢大楼在邮局的右边。（4）on time:准时，例如：She often gives books back to the library on time.她经常把图书准时还回图书馆。（5）在时间，例如：On the morning of May Day,we get up very early.在五一节的早上我们起得很早。（6）依靠（某种机器等），例如：I can watch the football match on TV.我可以通过电视看这场足球比赛。（7）on foot:徒步，例如：Can you go to the Summer Palace on foot?你能徒步走到颐和园吗？（8）关于，例如：I have a lot of books on radio.我有许多无线电方面的书。3behind:介词，（指位置、状态）在之后，例如：The bag is behind the chair.这个包在椅子后面。Dont fall behind others.别落到别人后面了。4under:介词，有以下用法：（1）在下面，例如：The ball is under the bed.球在床下。（2）（数量、年龄上）少于，以下，例如：The book costs under$5.这本书价值不到 5 美元。5in:方位介词，在里面，例如：There is a book in this drawer.抽屉里有一本书。I have a good idea in my mind.我心里有了一个好主意。6between:介词，意思是“在之间”，专指两者之间，例如：You will see a CD store between the cinema and the department store.在电影院和百货商店之间你将看到一家 CD 店。We had a football match between our classes.我们两个班之间举行了一场足球赛。7next to/beside:介词短语，意思是“在旁边”，例如：I am sitting next to you.我坐在你的旁边。8名词复数的变形方法名词复数的变形方法可数名词是存在单复数概念的，当可数名词是“一个”含义的时候，我们在该名词前添加冠词a/an；但是当我们需要表示的名词数量在两个或两个以上的时候，除了在名词前添加数词之外，我们还需要在名词本身做一个词形的变化，基本的变化方法如下：（1）一般可以直接在名词后加后缀S，例如：bookbooks,pencilperils;（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的名词，可以直接在词尾添加s，例如：homehomes,appleapples;（3）以字母ch、sh,x、s结尾的名词，在该名词后添加es，例如：watchwatches,brushbrushes,boxboxes,busbuses;（4）以辅音字母y 结尾的名词，去掉字母y，再添加ies，例如：countrycountries,citycities,familyfamilies;（5）以字母o结尾的名词分为两类，一类直接在词尾加es另一类在词尾加s,例如：tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes;photophotos,zoozoos,zerozeros;（6）特殊变形：childchildren。在以后的学习中我们还会遇到名词复数的其他变形，需要大家不断地进行总结归纳。9there be句型：句型：表示某时某地有某人某物；There is a round table and four chairs in it.屋子里有一张圆桌和四把椅子。句子中的 there be 句型的 be 动词与临近它的第一个名词的单复数形式相关。本句临近 be 的第一个名词是 a round table，是一个单数名词，因此选用 is 形式。再如：There are two pens and a pencil in my pencil-box.There is some meat,milk and two bottles of juice on the table.There is a lady and three boys in the garden.10need:动词，意思是“需要”，它可以与名词直接连接，连接动词时要使用动词不定式形式，例如：I need a dictionary to study English.我需要一本字典学习英语。In early spring everyone still needs to wear warm clothes.在早春，大家还是需要穿得暖和一些。新目标解读七年级下册第四单元知识点解析新目标解读七年级下册第四单元知识点解析Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一短语：1 want to do sth 想要作某事2 give sb sth=give sth to sb 给某人某物/把某物给某人3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg:I want to help my mother do some housework at home.4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg:I want to help my mother with some housework at home5 in the day 在白天6 at night 在晚上7 talk with/to sb 和-谈话8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg:He is busy listening to the teacher.9 in a hospital 在医院 l10 work/study hard 努力工作11 Evening Newspaper 晚报二重点句式及注意事项：1.询问别人干什么工作。句型：What+do/does+某人+do?What+be+sb.?=What+be+ones+job?回答：主语+be+a+表示职业的名词。例：-What do you do?你是干什么的？-Im a student.我是一句学生。-What does he do?=Whats he?=Whats his job?他是干什么的？-Hes a teacher.他是一名教师。2.询问别人想干什么工作。句型：What+do/does+某人+want to be?回答：主语+want/wants to be+a+表示职业的名词。表示“想当.”例：-What do you want to be?你想干什么工作？-I want to be a teacher.我想当教师。-What does she want to be?她想干什么工作？-She wants to be a nuser.她想当护士。3.询问别人在哪里工作。句型：Where+do/does+sb.+work?回答：sb.+work in+地点。例：-Where does your sister work?你姐姐在哪里工作？-She works in a hospital.她在医院工作。4.询问工作情况的一般疑问句。例：-Does he work in the hospital?他在医院工作吗？-Yes.he does/No,he doesnt.是的，他是。不，不是。-Does she work late?她工作很晚吗？-Yes,she does/No.she doesnt.5.Do you like to do?你喜欢做吗？Eg:-Do you like to wrok with young people?你喜欢和年轻人一起工作吗？-Do you like to meet the strangers?你喜欢和陌生人打交道吗？6.Do you want to work for?你想为工作吗？Eg:-Do you want to wort for a computer company?你想在电脑公司上班吗？三重点难点1.People give me their money or get their money from me.人们在我这里存钱或取钱。其中 give 是及物动词，其后常接双宾语，give sth.to sb.=give sb.sth.给某人某物，当 sth.为代词时，只能放在中间，例：正确的表示：give it/them to sb.错误的表示：give sb.it/them，其中的 from 表示“从”，“由”。Eg:-Please give me your watch.请把你的手表给我。-Would you like to give it to me?请把它给我，好吗？-This is a letter from home.这是一封家书。-I have a telephone call from her.我接到她的电话。2.I wear a white uniform and I help doctors.我身穿白色制服，协助大夫工作。其中 wear 表示“穿戴在身上”的状态；而 put on 表示“穿戴”的动作。Help 的意思是“帮助”。可以作动词也可以作名词，因此 help doctorsgive doctors help.3.I want to be a newspaper reporter,because its an interesting job.我想成为一名新闻记者，因为这是一份有趣的工作。四重点语法一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：always,usually,often,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me,I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的 now 是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般 一般现在时表将来一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return 的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star?It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes(不是 will come),ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词 hope,take care that,make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the roomUnit 4 Wheres my backpack?I.重点句型Wheres my backpack?Its under the table.Where are your baseballs?Theyre on the floor.Is the baseball on the sofa?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.I dont know.Are they on the bed?Yes,they are./No,they arent.Are these/those your books?Yes,they are.No,they arent.Please take these things to your sister.Can you bring some things to school?The keys are in the drawer.Heres my room.II.词组1 in the drawer 在抽屉里2 dont=don not 不是（动词主语形式）3 in pair 成对的4 Goodbye.=Bye-bye 再见5 behind the computer 在电脑后面 6 write down 写下；记下7 Im sorry 对不起8 act out 表演出来9 alarm clock 闹钟10 video tape 录像带11 soccer ball 英式足球12 school bag 书包13 in the backpack 在书包里14 under the bed 在床下15 on the chair 在椅子上16 on the dresser 在梳妆台上17 math book 数学书18 take sth to(there/him/+地点)把带去19 bring sth to(here/me/+地点)把带来20 the math book 这本数学书21 the notebook 这个笔记本22 on the floor 在地上【知识讲解】1.in/on 在表示空间位置时，in 表示在某个空间的范围以内，on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：（1）There is a bird in the tree.树上有只鸟。（2）There is a picture on the wall.墙上有张图。2.this/that/these/those (1)this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these 是 this 的复数形式。that 常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those 时 that 的复数形式。例如：You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。I want this car,not that car.我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。Take these books to his room,please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。This is mine;thats yours.这个是我的，那个是你的。These are apples;those are oranges.这些是苹果，那些是橘子。(2)在打电话的用语中，this 常常指的是我，that 常常指的是对方。例如：This is Mary speaking.Whos that?我是玛丽。你是谁？3.There be/haveThere be 有，其确切含意为某处或某时存在某人或某物。其结构是：There be+某人或某物+表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用 is，名词是复数时用 are。例如：(1)There is a big bottle of coke on the table.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2)There is a doll in the box.那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3)There are many apples on the tree.那树上有许多苹果。总之，There be 结构强调的是一种客观存在的有。have 表示拥有，占有，具有，即：某人有某物(sb.have/has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4)I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5)That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4.look/see/watch(1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look!The children are playing computer games.瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look!Whats that over there?看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词 at，才能带宾语，如：Hes looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see 强调“看”的结果，着重的是 look 这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see 是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture?你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard.What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4.put on/in put on 意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：Its cold outside,put on your coat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是 John 的妈妈。5.house/home/familyhouse：“房子”，指居住的建筑物;Home:“家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方;Family:“家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon.今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home.他不在家。My family all get up early.我们全家都起得很早。6.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容词表示好之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：(1)fine 指物时表示的是质量上的精细，形容人时表示的是身体健康，也 可以用来指天气晴朗。例如：Your parents are very fine.你父母身体很健康。Thats a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器。Its a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice 主要侧重于人或物的外表，有美好，漂亮的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucy looks nice.露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice.那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。Its very nice of you.你真好。(3)good 形容人时指品德好，形容物时指质量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：Her son is a good student.她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very good.那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well 只可用来形容人的身体好，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：Im very well,thanks.我身体很好，谢谢。My friends sing well.我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1.动词 be 的用法；2.人称代词和物主代词的用法；3.名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4.冠词的基本用法；5.There be 句型的用法。6.本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7.本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【满分演练】一.单项填空1.-What colour is the bike?-Its _ orange.A.an B.a C./D.the2.That isnt her bag.Its _.A.my B.I C.mine D.me3.-Oh,your kite is very nice.-_.A.Thats right B.No,its not nice C.Yes,it is D.Thank you4.The woman is sixty,but she _ young.A.is B.sees C.looks D.watches5.Its time _ lunch.Lets go home.A.to B.in C.for D.on6.-_ is your coat?-The black one.A.What B.Where C.Which D.How7.-_ is the toy?-Its on the bed.A.Who B.Where C.What D.Whose8.The shoes are too old.Put _ over there.A.it B.they C.their D.them9.Excuse me.Can you _ my watch,please?A.look B.look like C.look after D.look at10.Look _ the blackboard and listen _ the teacher.A./B.at;to C.after;/D.on;after11.-Whose dress is this?-Its _.A.Lucy B.Lucys C.Jim D.Jims12.The girl _ the purple coat is his sister.A.at B.in C.on D.with13.There is a bird _ the tree.A.in B.on C.to D.of14.There are many _ in our school.A.woman teachers B.woman teacher C.women teacher D.women teachers15.-Is there a ball under the desk?-_.A.Yes,it is B.Yes,theres C.No,there isnt D.No,there is16.There _ some books and a pencil on the desk.A.am B.is C.are D.be17.-Let me help you.-_.A.Youre welcome B.Thanks very much C.Dont worry D.Yes,thanks18._ old man is _ English teacher.A.The;an B.An;an C.The;the D.A;a19.-What _ five plus six?-Its eleven.A.am B.is C.are D./20.-What _ you see in the picture?-I can see some flowers.A.must B.can C.are D.do