英文读书笔记.doc

First, the processing trade to face new opportunities
     First, economic globalization, the impact of processing trade in China, making China the world's major processing and manufacturing base. At present, the general manufacturing industry has become a global excess supply in general, seriously diminishing marginal returns mature technology industry, the international relative price differences between products from industrial and agricultural knowledge into products and industrial products between the developed economies have the advantage of the transformation and upgrading to virtual economy, service economy and the knowledge economy phase. China is not a hotbed of new technology, but acceptance in the international industrial transfer; not control the global manufacturing and operations center, but in the low-end manufacturing technologies and products supplier links. In this case, China's low production cost advantages, the clear advantage in the global position, "Made in China" has become China's international competitive advantage, is inevitable at this stage irreversible trend. Therefore, the adoption of a new form of processing trade to enhance our manufacturing capabilities, the world's largest multinational corporations worldwide production, sales, service and management of the complete system, is to accelerate our business, "learning by doing" process, accumulation of global experience in large-scale production of the most favorable shortcut.

Second, in the context of globalization, product segments within the process or processes characteristic of the global division of labor into the new system is taking shape. A trend, with the multinationals in the space of various production processes or the processes assigned to different areas of comparative advantage, to establish R & D, production and distribution system of the global system, so that the domestic division of labor into the international division of labor; Another trend is to bring full competition in the market industry concentration, maximum use of capital, technology, management and processing of space and scope of agglomeration externalities arising from scale. In such cases, multinational companies not only because the "cost drivers" and the procurement, manufacturing, distribution Huanjie assembly to China, and because the "market driven" and the technical, management and funds into China. Moreover, because the Chinese market more competitive, multinational corporations have to take the initiative to regional R & D, operations management headquarters, regional logistics center and gradually shifted to China. Shows that full competition in the domestic market, is to obtain foreign advanced technology, management and financial recourses. China's low production cost advantage and multinational production of integrated logistics services and integrated operational capability, it may form a global network for the multinational companies from purchasing, processing, storage and transportation through to distribution and after-sales service cooperation. From the development prospects of view, globalization not only brings the Chinese manufacturing capability into a competitive advantage of international opportunities, but also to create the comprehensive advantages of upgrading the processing trade opportunities to the development of processing trade to begin a new transformation.

Again, our overall competitive advantage is still present the traditional labor-intensive products and low technology (mature technology) products or processes, that is the main technology and manufacturing are still in low-end grade. Compared to China and India, although the latter opening up 12 years later than in recent years, foreign direct investment actually used only close to one-tenth of our overall economic strength have obvious gaps, but in recent years through the absorption of new technologies in India and overseas cooperation and processing sub-commission, not only in the well-known software, information technology consulting, call center, chip design and the future of financial services, industrial engineering, risk and behavior analysis and pharmaceutical research and development services for overseas subcontracting for multinationals , thus greatly lowering the cost of the world's service industry; and in the automotive, pharmaceutical, chemicals and capital goods and other fields are shaping the international competitive edge and attract the world's largest multinational corporations seeking access to a large scale. In this case, we not only be as soon as possible to upgrade our manufacturing techniques to moderate the overall grade, and should speed up the formation of productive services and research and development, brand. Therefore, to study and formulate new strategies for the development of processing trade, and promote its transformation and upgrading.
     Second, the future development of processing trade
l. to expand processing trade activities in the field, and domestic development and opening-up requirements. As related to foreign investment, foreign trade and domestic industrial transformation and upgrading of processing trade, processing trade should take into account the development of key domestic industries, companies, products, and products, driven by internal processes, radiation and diffusion. In attracting foreign investment and to develop processing trade, while assessing the relevant departments and local governments to encourage and support domestic enterprises, especially small and medium private enterprises for foreign multinational companies and foreign-invested enterprises with the case matching process, to encourage small and medium enterprises, including private account domestic enterprises to actively participate in multinational trade system and global procurement processing system. In the formulation of preferential policies to attract foreign capital, it should study and formulate preferential policies to effectively solve the lack of financing capacity of domestic SMEs, the lack of international market information and personnel, lack of key spare parts production technology, lack of technical ability and product updates, specific difficulties, which is more and more domestic enterprises to multinational corporations in supporting the process, and gradually learn to "go out" engage in processing trade.
     2. Continue to enhance the "important base for processing and manufacturing the world" feature, through cooperation with multinational companies raise foreign capital to carry out in-depth technical, managerial and financial grade. To encourage competitive domestic enterprises to multinational corporations supporting a higher level of cooperation, to accelerate the "learning by doing" and graduation rate, so that processing trade sector technologies and processes from simple assembly, upgrade to the accessories, the general components The main components, key components of the processing and manufacturing, as well as upgrade to the advanced knowledge and technology-intensive assembly of the complex aspects involved in the real control and management of global business experience and know-how. In this regard, the Government provides access platform for fair competition, creating a more regulated environment for investment and competition, competition is more important than preferential policies.
3. Subject to the processing trade dominated by the foreign-invested enterprises gradually to domestic enterprises, especially private enterprises in transition. At present, processing trade accounted for 80% of foreign-invested enterprises, private enterprises accounted for only 5%; mechanical and electrical products and high-tech products processing trade, foreign-invested enterprises basically. This reflects the globalization of domestic companies currently involved in the capacity remains weak. But in the long run, big countries such as China, the active participation in the process of globalization can fully play to China in resource allocation, Gong Ying-chain management and market control are especially dominant. Therefore, the next stages of processing trade, the focus of transformation and upgrading, should be to nurture, encourage, support domestic enterprises of processing trade vigorously formulate relevant policies to encourage domestic enterprises through international cooperation and the Scientific Research and Lianhe, the effective use of two resources in the domestic foreign The two engage in processing with imported materials export markets. Since most domestic enterprises lack of global talent and international information network, should consider the establishment of an open platform for sharing and mutual benefit and cooperation mechanisms in public service.
    4. Processing trade should be a long-term strategy. First of all, should be introduced to (improve the investment environment and enhance the matching capability, the introduction of large multinational companies core technology and business), root (to allow processing trade enterprises have a certain percentage of domestic sales, so that processing trade enterprises become inextricably linked with the local market economic ties) localized (to encourage local enterprises and processing trade in the feed) as the different stages of the objectives and tasks, create industries, products, processes of transformation and upgrading and technological progress of benign mechanisms (such as open competition, and speed up the copy, take the initiative to complete joint research and development, respect for property rights). Second, the processing trade should be the main processing phase to the procurement, manufacturing, distribution services, service and R & D, information such as the direction of the transformation and upgrading of information along the value chain gradually from low to high, from simple to complex, from production integrated services and global operations to the direction of the transformation and upgrading, including globalization and comprehensive employee training and selection mechanism is essential. Again, the future of transformation and upgrading of processing trade should be consistent with the new concept of development, to economic, social and direction of coordinated and sustainable development of natural transformation, in particular, firmly resist the economic, social and natural long-term negative impact on investment, production and service activities. At present, even in the actual use of foreign direct investment in Guangdong, Jiangsu, many city governments remain focused on short-term interests and local interests, the foreign direct investment projects, primarily on the refuse anyone, rarely to be a reasonable choice . Finally, in order to protect the smooth development of processing trade to different products, industries and regions, by type.