如何写好英语记叙文省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,中学生怎样写好英语作文,写作在英语学习中是培养和提升语言能力有效伎俩，它有利于巩固和掌握所学词汇、语法等语言知识，有利于训练直接用所学语言进行思维，有利于提升驾驭语言能力。,一、增加词汇,英语写作要求有一定量词汇，没有词汇就好比巧妇无米难以下厨。写作时可能出现要写词记不起来、要用词拿不准、尤其是碰到同义词、更不知用哪一个好、或词性没记住，结果乱用.这都说明平时对单词记忆不够牢靠，了解不清。这就要求我们在记单词时候多花点力气，要从单词音、形、义入手，最好不要单独记忆单词，这么轻易遗忘，要把它放在句子或文章中一起记忆，这么可把握单词词义、使用方法、搭配等词汇特点。除了书本上词汇必须掌握外，还要进行广泛课外阅读，来增加词汇。,第1页,二、掌握语法,英语中虽有很多句子与汉语相同或相同，但语法与汉语不尽相同，它有自己基本句型固定搭配、固定短语等。要想写好作文，必须学好语法。英语中有五种基本句型结构，几乎全部英语句型都是五种句型扩大、延伸或改变，所以，应切记这五种基本句型，并不停地练习利用。,1.S+V2.S+V+O3.S+V+O+O,4.S+V+P5.S+V+O+C,这五种句型虽能表示一定意思，但无法比较自由地表示思想，所以深入进行扩句训练，在课堂上充分发挥学生想象力进行扩句练习。其次，要加强句型教学，要对一些句子进行分析，增强他们利用各种句子进行一意各种表示训练。再次，充分利用新教材中“巩固语言练习”对学生进行基本语感训练。,第2页,三、背诵范文,古人说：“熟读唐诗三百首，不会做诗也会吟”。背诵范文是中国人学习语言传统方法，它不但能够加强记忆、积累语言材料，而且能够定型语式句式，语套模式和行文模式，将背诵用于英语学习更是见效。因为一个语言详细句子和语篇是无限，而其结构模式则是有限。掌握一个结构模式或行文模式就意味着含有生成无数语气和语篇能力。语言模式作用类似于数学公式，非常主要。而经典语言模式则存在于范文之中所以要熟读背诵。,四、以说促写,说话是作文先导，是作文起步。俗话说：“只有出口成章，才能下笔成文”。在教学过程中，教师可有意识地让学生用词造句，由词生文练习。由易到难，循序渐进地让学生说。,能够把现实生活搬进课堂，模拟生活中各种人物、情景，让学生在真情实感角色饰演中,进行口语交际。让学生把生活中人物经过语言、动作、心理活动演出出来，让学生自由发挥，畅所欲言。也能够经过演讲培养口头作文能力，并引导学生把“说”和“写”联络起来，这么说说写写，写写说说，不但提升了口语表示能力，而且经过说话过程中对口头语言叙述，提升了书面语言表示能力，使学生写作能做到中心明确，条理清楚。,第3页,五、勤于动笔,适当地进行写作练习是不可缺乏，假如光大谈写作，而从不去动笔写，是写不出好作文，所谓熟能生巧就是说这一点。能够让学生采取写日志方法来提升自己表示能力，也能够就不一样题材，自拟题目来写或者就某篇课文来扩写、缩写、改写等，这些都能够用来练练手笔。也能够要求学生随读、随学、随写，读有所得，学以致用,第4页,六、写作步骤,1.审题,在动笔之前，必须认真审题，分析命题意图。依据题目确定文章体裁，考虑文章内容，把与题目相关材料分析，整理加以取舍。对属于同一类材料拟出标题，作文审题在很大程度上关系到整篇文章成败。有考生唯恐时间不够，急于成文，不认真审题，结果写出文章不是离题太远，与原命题大相径庭，就是抓不住重点，杂乱无章，缺乏逻辑性与关联。,2.列题纲,审明了题义，了解了命题意图，接下来就是列提要。提要有两种形式，即标题式和句式。标题式提要就是用短语和词组列出文章层次和段落以及各层次、各段落大致次序。这种提要特点是简练、清楚。句式提要是用完整句子列出提要，这种提要提供了愈加详尽轮廓。列提要时，应预防两种形式混用，句式提要是句子，而标题式提要是名词词组。列提要时要尽可能使用平行结构，编号要统一。有了提要，文章在材料安排上才会层次分明，整体性强。,第5页,3.起初稿,审明了题意，列出了提要，下一步就是应该分段写作。每段应该只有一个中心，段落结构要完整。自然段多以该段主题句开头、中间展开说明和叙述，末句常是结论或内容归纳。在推展主题目时，要充分利用学到写句子、写段落技巧，注意句与句、段与段衔接和过渡。注意段落完整性和连贯性。为了使文章紧凑，全文最好一气呵成。,4.修改,修改是写好文章必不可少一环。修改是指初稿完成后对文章从内容，形式到语言等进行加工提升，经过修改使文章到达主题明确，内容翔实、结构严谨，语法正确，无拼写和标点错误。,5.校阅,修改后文章要认真誊录一遍。誊写时要注意：标题写在第一行中央，除介词，连词、冠词外，标题中每一个实词都应大写。标题除了疑问句或感叹句外，标题不加标点，即使是一个完整句子，也不加句号;注意段落首缩进3-4个字母;书写要工整，规范，卷面要整齐，词与词之间要有2-3个字母间隔;誊录完之后，一定要检验一遍。校阅要逐字逐段进行，注意检验语法错误，拼写错误、标点和大小写等方面错误。花两分钟检验一遍，往往能增强文章效果、提升考试成绩。,记叙文是记人叙事文章，它主要是用于说明事件时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说五个W(what,who,when,where,why)和一个H(how)。记叙文重点在于 述说 和 描写，所以一篇好记,记叙文是记人叙事文章，它主要是用于说明事件时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说五个“W”(what,who,when,where,why)和一个“H”(how)。记叙文重点在于“述说”和“描写”，所以一篇好记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。下面就谈谈英语记叙文特点和写好记叙文基本要领。,第6页,一、记叙文特点,1.叙述人称,英语记叙文普通是以第一或第三人称角度来叙述。用第一称表示是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻经历。它优点在于能把故事情节经过“我”来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：,The other day,I was driving along the street.Suddenly,a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast.I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side.But it was too late.The car hit my bike and I fell off it.,用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内人和事物限制，而是经过作者与读者之外第三者，直接把故事中情节展现在读者面前，文章客观性很强。如：,Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella,for it was raining hard.On the way,he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover.Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her,but he was too short.What could he do?Then he had a good idea.,第7页,2.动词时态,在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于改变。记叙文中用得最多是动词过去，这是英语记叙文区分于汉语记叙文关键之处。英语写作优美之处就在于这些动词时态改变，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活动态感、鲜明层次感和立体感。,3.叙述次序,记叙一件事要有一定次序。不论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能搞清事情来龙去脉。顺叙最轻易操作，较轻易给读者提供相关事情空间和时间线索。但这种方法也轻易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提升文章结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法假如使用不妥，则轻易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。,第8页,4.叙述过渡,过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到详细叙述时。如：,In my summer holidays,I did a lot of things.Apart form doing my homework,reading an English novel,watching TV and doing some housework,I went on a trip to Qingdao.It is really a beautiful city.There are many places of interest to see.But what impressed me most was the sunrise.,The next morning I got up early.I was very happy because it was a fine day.By the time I got to the beach,the clouds on the horizon were turning red.In a little while,a small part of the sun was gradually appearing.The sun was very red,not shining.It rose slowly.At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea,just like a deep-red ball.At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.,What a moving and unforgettable scene!,第9页,5.叙述与对话,引用故事情节中主要人物对话是记叙文提升表现力一个好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接主观叙述，能够客观生动地反应人物性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容愈加充实、详细。试比较下面两段叙述效果：,I was in the kitchen,and I was cooking something.Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front.I thought maybe someone was knocking the door.I asked who it was but I heard no reply.After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor.I realized it was the cat.I felt released.,这原来应是一段故事性很强文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用都是叙述模式，没有些人物语言，把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作以下调整：,I was in the kitchen cooking something.Crash!a loud noise came from the front.Thinking someone was knocking at the door,I asked,Who?No reply.After a while,I saw my cat running across the parlor.Its you.I said,quite released.,第10页,二、写好记叙文基本要领,1.头绪分明，脉络清楚,写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写事件或人物进行分析，搞清事件发生、发展一直到结束整个过程，然后再搜集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“W”和一个“H”相关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包含这些W”和“H”，但动笔之前，围绕五个“W”和“H”进行构思是必不可少。,2.突出中心，详略得当,在文章框架确定后，对支持故事素材选取是很关键。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题主要情节，略写粗述那么非关键次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要处理一个基本问题，也需要一定技巧。如：,第11页,One night a man came to our house and told me,There is a family with eight children.They have not eaten for days.I took some food with me and went.,When I finally came to that family,I saw the faces of those little children disfigured(破坏外貌)by hunger.There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces,just the deep pain of hunger.,I gave the rice to the mother.She divided the rice in two,and went out,carrying half the rice.When she came back,I asked her,Where did you go?she gave me this simple answer,To my neighbors they are hungry also!,3.用活语言，准确生动,记叙文要用详细事件和生动语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好记叙文语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这么才能把人、事描写得详细生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改前后效果。,One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away.He was soon lost among people and traffic.He could not find the way back home and started crying.Just then,two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying.They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened.Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived.The two students decided to take him home.Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound.She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money,but they didnt take it.She served them with tea but they left.,第12页,修改后：,The other day,five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street.After some time,he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home.But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic.When he could not find the way home,he started and crying.Just then,two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop.They immediately went up to him.,Little boy,why are you standing here crying?they asked.,I want Mom,I go home.said the boy,still crying.,Dont worry,well send you home.,And they spent the next two hours looking for the boys house.With the help of a policeman,they finally found it.,When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound,she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house.Gratefully,she offered them some money,saying it was a way to express her thanks,but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea.,第13页,