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1、绪论INTRODUCTION：NATURES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW Public International law国际公法 Universal// general// special international law 普遍/一般/特殊国际法 International custom国际习惯 General principles of law一般法律原则 Bentham边沁 International Law Commission（联合国）国际法委员会 The basis of internationl law and theories ther
2、eto国际法的效力根据与学派 Oppenheim奥本海 Features of international law 国际法的特征 Natures of international law 国际法的性质 Jus gentium 万民法 Writings of publicists 公法学家学说 International comity 国际礼让 Effects of IL 国际法的效力 Contractual treaty 契约性条约 Law-making treaty 造法性条约 Application of IL 国际法的适用
3、 Monism 一元论 Dualism or pluralism 二元论 adoption//incorporation采纳//纳入 transformation转化（把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则） 国际法上的国家STATES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW Permanent population固定的居民 Defined territory 确定的领土 Government 政府 Sovereignty 主权 Unitary state 单一国 Composite states//union of states
4、复合国//国家的联合 Dependent country 附属国 Federation 联邦 Confederation 联邦 Permanent neutralized state永久中立国 British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦 French Community法兰西共同体 Vatican City State 梵蒂冈市国 Vassal state 附庸国 Suzerain state 宗主国 Protected//protecting state FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT
5、S OF STATES National fundamental rights 国家的基本权利 Right of independence 独立权 Right of equality 平等权 Right of self-defence 自卫权 Right of self-preservation自保权 Right of jurisdiction 管辖权 Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence?属地管辖 Personal jurisdiction/juri
6、sdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖 Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖 Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖 State immunity 国家豁免权 The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则 The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则 RECOGNITION AND SUCCESSION recognition of states and governments国家和政府的承认
7、States succession 国家继承 Constitutive theory 构成说 Declaratory theory 宣告说 De jure recognition 法律上承认 De facto recognition 事实上承认 Effective control 有效统治 Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则 Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认 Insurgent body 叛乱团体 Belligerent body 交战团体 P
8、ersonal treaty 人身条约 dispositive//non-personal treaties非人身条约 The clean s/plate rule 白板规则 State property 国家财产 State debt 国家债务 Localized state debt 地方化债务 State archives 国家档案 The principle of non-recognition不承认原则 国际争端法 PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES the principle of
9、peaceful settlement of international disputes Political methods //legal methods of settlements regional agencies or arrangements 区域机关和区域办法 International Court of Justice国际法院 Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖 Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖 Optional compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖 retortion 反报 repri
10、sals 报复 negotiation 谈判consultation 协商 inquiry//investigation 调查good offices 斡旋 mediation 调停 conciliation 和解//调解 The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院 judicial settlement 司法解决 Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院 pacific blockade 平时封锁 dispute-settlement mechanisms of… j
11、usticiable//non-justiciable dispute amicable//compulsive settlement和谐//强迫解决方法 Institution of proceedings起诉 written//oral proceedings书面//口头程序 memorial 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状 reply 答辩 a third party 第三方 国际条约法 THE LAW OF TREATIES conclusion and entry into force of treaties pacta sunt serv
12、anda 约定必须信守 application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约 amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行 invalidity of treaties条约的无效 convention公//专约 treaty条约 agreement 协定 charter宪章 covenant ,statute 盟约、规约 (general//final) act (总//最后)文件 (additional//final )pr
13、otocol(附加//最后)议定书 exchange of notes 换文 negotiation 谈判 initiating草签 (full) signature 签署accession 加入 sanction of treaty 核准 ratification, acceptance, approval批准、接受、赞同 treaty-making capacity 缔约能力 treaty-making power 缔约权 treaty-making right 缔约权利 full power 全权证书reservation 保留 amendment
14、/modification修正/改 memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录 declaration 宣言 joint declaration//statement 联合声明 joint communique 联合公报 constitution 组织宪章 arrangement 补充协定 authentication 认证 provisional application 暂时适用 constitutionalism 宪法主义学派 internationalism 国际主义学派 material breach 重大违约 fund
15、amental change of circumstances 情势根本变更 国际组织法 administrational union（国际行政联盟） League of Nations（国际联盟） United Nations Family Original/elective member United Nations Charter Regional International Organizations Specialized Agencies(联合国专门机构） Privileges and Immunities of… International Economic
16、Organizations and their institutions The Collective Security System（联合国集体安全体制） The UN Peace-keeping Operations（联合国维和行动） European Union the principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则 primary responsibility 主要责任 the forum of the world世界论坛 organ of action行动的机关 provisional measures 临时办法 call
17、upon 促请 preventive diplomacy 预防性外交 the proportionality rule相称性原则 humanitarian intervention人道主义干预 protectorate （被）保护国 asylum 庇护；避难 forntier region, border region 边界地区 boundary negotiation 边界谈判 status quo of the boundary 边界现状 never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件 non-aligned count
18、ries 不结盟国家 patrimonial sea 承袭海 consultations 磋商 the third world 第三世界 imperialism 帝国主义 200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权 developing countries 发展中国家 dependency 附庸国 plebiscite 公民投票 generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则 joint action 共同行动 normalization of re
19、lations 关系正常化 an established principle of international law 国际法准则 rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则 international waters 国际水域 international situation 国际形势 merger of states 国家合并 national boundary 国界 maritime resources 海洋资源 mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅
20、互让 exchange of needed goods 互通有无 détente, 缓和 fundamental rights 基本权利 reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担 Near East 近东 right of residence 居留权 arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商 territorial sea 领海 limits of territorial sea 领海范围 breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度 territorial air 领空 terri
21、torial waters 领水 inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性 territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权 territorial contiguity 领土毗连 territorial integrity 领土完整 refugee camp 难民营 country of one's residence 侨居国 complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器 people-to-people contacts
22、and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流 sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯 ecocide 生态灭绝 practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作 bilateral trade 双边贸易 dual nationality 双重国籍 trusteeship 托管制度 outer space 外层空间 sole legal government
23、 唯一合法政府 loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款 colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义 delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息 extradition 引渡 Zionism 犹太复国主义 friendly exchanges 友好往来 disputed areas 有争议的地区 fishery resources 渔业资源 political offender 政治犯 political fugitive 政治逃犯 Middle Ea
24、st, Mideast 中东 neutral state, neutral country 中立国 neutralized state 永久中立国 apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离 genocide 种族灭绝 sovereign state 主权国家 exclusive economic zone 专属经济区 suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国 suzerainty 宗主权 to maintain neutrality 保持中立 to safeguard national sovereignt
25、y and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源 to take concerted steps 采取协调行动 to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务 to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系 to develop the national economy 发展民族经济
26、 to peddle munitions 贩卖军火 All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等 to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系 to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决 to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短 to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判 to safeguard na
27、tional independence and the integrity of sovereignty 维护国家独立和主权完整 to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平 to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端 in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况 the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则 mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 互相尊重主权和领土完整 mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯 non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政 equality and mutual benefit 平等互利
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