短文改错做题技巧.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,短文改错题型特点,2,1 一般来说,短文的内容比较简单,结构也不复杂,但测试点覆盖面广,设计的问题又往往是考生容易忽视或在写作中经常出错的地方。,2 近几年来,短文改错题的材料内容贴近学生的实际生活,谈论的都是和学生的学习和生活有关的话题。材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇。,3 词数在100-120 左右,以书信,日记,记叙文为主。语言背景中外皆有,以国外为主。,3,考查目的,4,该题主要考查同学们在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性，同时考查同学们的基础知识是否扎实,以及对英语国家文化的掌握.,5,短文改错解题技巧和分析,6,三个步骤,7,1.,首先要细读全文,，弄懂全篇的意思,背景和素材。在读的过程中可把初步确认的错误标出。,2.,然后分句阅读，逐句找错,，从以下几个方面仔细推敲。先易后难,（,1）,动词,查时态，语态,第三人称单数、非谓语动词、主复句时态是否一致。,（2）,代词,查前后是否一致。It 的用法，以及指示代词、人称代词、不定代词、关系代词的用法是否有误。,（3）,介词,查搭配及容易误用的介词。,解题思路,8,3.,重读全文，仔细推敲改正后的短文,。读起来是否通顺，逻辑思维与短文脉络是否合理，词汇的用法、句子结构是否合理。,（4）,形容词/副词,查词性是否混淆，形容词与副词的比较级、最高级的用法，修饰比较级的副词等。,（5）,名词,查单复数，可数不可数，是否加冠词，the，a还是an，主谓一致问题。,（6）,连词,查上下文之间的逻辑关系是否误用。,9,三个角度,词法，句法，行文逻辑,角度分析,10,（,1）,词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词与副词的区别，介词的误用等。,（2）句法内容。包括主谓一致。并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构，强调结构句等。,（3）行文逻辑，因果/转折/并列，还包括句子的肯定、否定。,11,四个原则,12,（一）一致原则,主谓一致,平行结构一致,名词的单复数一致,代词的性和数一致,13,主谓一致,1.Collecting stamps need a lot of money.,needs,2.Those who wants to come raise your hands please.,want,14,平行结构一致,and ，or，but，eitheror,not onlybut also,neithernor,as well as等并列连词和词组连接的平行结构须在词性,时态,非谓语动词的形式上一致。,1They not only finished the homework but also see the film.,saw,15,名词单复数的一致,1 She said that she and all her schoolmate wished me success,schoolmates,2he often watches football match on TV,matches,16,代词前后一致,The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.,their,2.We found some wood and carried them back to the cave.,it,17,(二)、实词以改变形式为原则,实词的处理一般只是改变它的形式,而不能改变其词义,更不能随便给添或删。,1.Would you mind do me a favour?,doing,析此处考查mind后面应该跟动词的,V-ing形式。但有些学生把mind给删去了,使原句成为Would you do me a favor?这样改虽然纠正了语法错误,但是句子的语气却变得很不委婉。故不是正确答案。,18,2.But I know a bull can run more faster than a man.,析more改为much。此句错误一目了然,但是如果不认真思考,不能分清错误类型,很可能会直接去掉more。根据句意及常识,公牛比人跑得快得多,比较级faster前应有程度状语,faster前的more不属于多余,而是属于用错了词,应该改为much。这样改,不仅语法正确,而且合乎常理。若去掉more,faster的程度就大大削弱了。所以应把more改为much而不能去掉它。,19,（三）虚词以添加或者删除为原则,这些需要添删的词一般都应该是冠词、介词、连词等;,1.They are afraid of that I will feel lonely.,20,(四)遵守固定搭配的原则,1.The novel is very worth reading.,well,2.The policeman caught the thief by his arm.,the,3.Though he has worked for ten hours,yet he felt not a little tired.,bit,21,改错中的常见错误,22,1 时态错误:(根据整篇文章的时态来判断),2 单复数错误（名词/动词的单复数）,3.语态错误:把 been去掉，或加上be.,4.when-while,5.but-and/so(根据语义来判断是因果/转折/并列关系),6.however,-therefore,7.exciting/interesting-excited/interested,8.the number of-a number of,9.such-so,23,10.used to -be used to,11.代词 it -they,12.冠词 “a/an/the/不用冠词”转换,13.疑问词 how/what转换,14.关系代词 (that/which)/关系副词(when/where)的转换,15.固定搭配中介词错误,或者该添加介词：,talk about sth,16.两个动词之间要加上不定式符号 to,介词,to,后面加,doing,，,look forward to,动名词做主语,动词原形不能做主语,19.return,后不可有,back,须加,to/from,加名词,20.,词性错误：,difficulty-difficult,；,health-healthy,24,短文改错应注意的,几个问题,25,1 大小写不改。,2 没有词序错误。,3 文中出现带汉语注释的词在句中不可能用错。,4,注意错误点的分散和比例。,5,改错时以句子为单位，而不是以行为单位。,7,严格按规定的符号和要求去改错。,26,1)错词更换,例如:,I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand how to study well.,_,2),缺词补漏,例如:,They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions.,_,3),多词删除,例如:,I was used to watch TV every night.But now Im too busy to watch it._,were,they,was,27,exercise,28,Passage 1,In Wednesday morning,Tom was walking along 1._,the streets.Suddenly he heard two shots.It came 2._,from the bank.He ran to the bank but saw 3._,a man coming out of.The man was short and 4._,fat with red hair.He had a bag of money or 5._,a gun in his hands.The man ran away and was 6._ disappeared behind a bus.That afternoon Tom 7._,went see a film.He saw the thief again and phoned the 8._,police.They caught the thief.How an exciting day 9._,for Tom!The bank gave him 100 for a reward.10._,_,They,was,to,_,On,_,and,of,_,and,_,What,_,as,29,30,