考研英语每日一句161-180.docx

161
又是一个重要表达：
这是2011年阅读文章中的一句话：
the learning curve has been steep
直接翻译的话是：学习的曲线很陡峭；很晦涩；
但是这个表达的实际含义是：做什么事情不是很容易，需要花功夫，是一个经常用的表达。
例句：
For most users, the learning curve required to transform a Linux box into a "personal" computer is too steep.
对大多数用户而言，把Linux机器改造成“个人”计算机所需的学习曲线也是非常陡的。
=对大多数用户而言，把Linux机器改造成“个人”计算机也是很困难的。
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
对适当的学生实行职业教育也有道理。欧洲的许多学校很早就引进职业培训的概念，以确保儿童具备欲从事的职业所需的技能。然而，去臆断科学家、商人、会计职位的数量是武断的。此外，在我们这么大的一个国家里，经济延展到这么多的州，涉及到这么多的国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需要的各类专业人员是不太可能的。
presumptuous （专横的，自以为是的）看作presumpt(ion)假设+uous形容词后缀，“只凭假设就给人下结论的”→自以为是的。
61. It could be inferred from the passage that in the author's country the European model of professional training is ________.
[A] dependent upon the starting age of candidates
[B] worth trying in various social sections
[C] of little practical value
[D] attractive to every kind of professional
题型识别：推理题
题干定位：根据题干中的European model比较容易定位第三段。
思路解析：段落中出现的转折，作为推理题应该重点关注转折后。
It is, however, presumptuous.武断的；
Besides, this is unlikely不肯定
作者给出了负评价；至于具体的信息不用了解也可以做题；
选项分析：能对负评价进行同意替换的选项是 [C] of little practical value 为正确选项
[A] dependent upon the starting age of candidates转折前的内容，且不符合原文表述
[B] worth trying in various social sections正评价，且无依据，排除
[D] attractive to every kind of professional正评价，且无依据，排除
特别提示：推理题请多关注段落中的转折！
162
最新的一期经济学人封面文章在讨论专利对于创新到底是促进还是阻碍： Time to fix the patent system;(是时候修改专利制度了)；Patents are protected by governments because they are held to promote innovation. But there is plenty of evidence that they do not. (专利受到政府的保护，因为专利能促进创新，但是有大量的证据表明其实专利并不能促进创新) 文章从各个产业谈论了为什么专利不能保护创新；在文章结束的时候谈到了一些改进的意见，其中对于受专利制度祸害最深的医药研发行业提出了这样的建议。请看这个句子吧！

After a promising drug was found the final, most expensive stages of clinical trials, which measure the efficacy of a drug that has already been shown to be safe, could be publicly funded, using another portion of the huge potential savings from cheaper drugs ,and conducted by independent laboratories.

Once a medicine was validated, any drug company would be allowed to make it.

词汇突破：clinical trials 临床试验

publicly funded 公开募资

efficacy 功效，疗效（特别指药物）

a promising drug 有可能有效的药物

be found the final 进入最后阶段

validated 有效

主干识别：Most expensive stages of clinical trials could be publicly funded and conducted by independent laboratories

这个句子的难点就是主语的寻找! Final和most expensive 很容易被放在一起！一定要敢于切分！

which measure the efficacy of a drug that has already been shown to be safe 定语从句

using another portion of the huge potential savings from cheaper drugs 状语（独立成句）

（Most expensive stages of clinical trials could use another portion of the huge potential savings from cheaper drugs.）

参考译文：当一种有可能有效的药物进入最后研发状态，最昂贵的临床试验阶段，也就是评估已经被证明安全的药物的功效的阶段，是可以公开募资的，也可以部分使用来自其他更廉价药物的潜在巨大结余资金。这个阶段可以由独立的实验室来完成。

第二句: 一旦一种药物被证明是有效的，任何医药公司都可获准生产这一药物。

这篇文章经过改写之后将会收录到了我的最后六套题当中
163
《经济学人》的发行量已经从2006年的大约100万份，提高到了2015年的160万份。它触及的受众，在很大程度上是受过良好教育，会乘坐私人飞机参加国际会议的富裕人群。它的崇拜者众多，其中包括前纽约市长迈克尔·R·布隆伯格(Michael R. Bloomberg)。另一方面，卡尔·马克思(Karl Marx)贬低它是“欧洲金融贵族的喉舌”作家詹姆斯·法洛斯(James Fallows)形容它是在“向我们这个大陆兜售自作聪明的英格兰观点”，完全被那些努力显得博学又世故的人，当成了时尚配饰。关注政治和文化题材的作者安德鲁·沙利文(Andrew Sullivan)总体上同意这个观点。他把它叫做“一种面向上层阶级的《读者文摘》”。即将到来的所有权变更不太可能解决相关争论。教育公司培生集团(Pearson)已经将经济学人集团50%的股份挂牌出售。CQ Roll Call即属于经济学人集团。为了精简业务，培生集团前不久将《金融时报》(The Financial Times)出售给了日本经济新闻社(Nikkei)。据两名熟悉情况的人士称，培生正在同《经济学人》现在的股东谈判，包括投资公司Exor。控制该公司的阿格内利(Agnelli)家族已公开表示，对这笔交易感兴趣。（NYT中文网）
Others who had coveted the publication have not been mentioned as contenders, perhaps because the company has a complex trust system that essentially ensures it cannot be taken over by an owner keen to impose his or her whims.
词汇突破：coveted 垂涎于...
publication 出版物（这里指的就是经济学人）
contenders 竞争者
whim 意愿，想法
keen to 热衷于
参考译文：没有消息显示垂涎该刊的其他人参与了角逐，这或许是因为该公司有复杂的信托机制。这一机制实质上确保了公司不会被热衷于强行施加自己意愿的老板接手。
Widely viewed as a magazine, it nevertheless calls itself a newspaper. It has no bylines.
词汇突破：bylines 署名
参考译文：尽管普遍被当做杂志，但《经济学人》仍自称报纸。它的文章没有署名。
It has also been shaped, said Mr. Crook, who rose to deputy editor, by the lack of bylines. “There is a genuine sense that we’re all in it together,” he said. Writers edit, and editors write, which makes each considerate of the other. And writers can contribute on unexpected subjects because readers do not associate their names with one topic.
参考译文：后来升任副主编的克鲁克说，不署名这一点也塑造了《经济学人》。“有一种真正的我们都融为了一体的感觉，”他说。写稿的人会进行编辑，编辑也会写稿，这会让双方相互体谅。而且作者也可以撰文讨论一些出人意料的话题，因为读者不会把他们的名字和某一个话题联系起来.
尤其是这一段，同学们好好的对比一下，这就是思维
164
However, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusettes and Connecticut.
解析： 这个句子的背景内容对于考研的同学来讲是必须熟悉地美国早期的文化特征，出题人特别珍爱这种话题。
词汇突破： puritan 清教传统的
religious orientation 宗教导向
communal impulse 团体意识
connectict 康尼狄格州句子中
be confinded to 局限于...
主干识别：recent scholarship has strongly suggested that ...
主谓宾结构
其他成分：难点是宾语从句中主干的识别：those aspects were not ...but were
confined to ...其他的定语什么的就比较好理解了。
参考译文：早期的新英格兰文化呈现出了明确的清教传统的特征，这些特征包括强烈的宗教导向和团体意识。但是最近的研究强烈的表明这些方面并不是新英格兰整体的特征，而仅是局限于马赛诸塞州和康涅狄格州之中的。
翻译点拨：在翻译的时候还是要注意太长的成分就单独成句了。
of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, 早期的新英格兰文化呈现出了明确的清教传统的特征，这些特征包括强烈的宗教导向和团体意识
165
MBA 教育的价值一直是人们讨论的焦点
The pendulum began to swing in the postwar era, when Harvard Business School grad Robert McNamara and his "whiz kids" became famous for using mathematical modeling, game theory and complex statistical analysis for the Army Air Corps, doing things like improving fuel-transport times and scheduling more-efficient bombing raids.
主干识别：The pendulum began to swing in the postwar era
其他成分：when Harvard Business School grad Robert McNamara and his "whiz kids" became famous定语从句主干
for using mathematical modeling, game theory and complex statistical analysis for the Army Air Corps,
定语从句中的状语
状语
翻译点拨： 词汇点拨：
注意对pendulum的理解：
The pendulum has swung back and the American car companies have made dramatic advances in safety...
三十年河东，三十年河西，美国汽车公司在安全方面已经取得了巨大进步。
The political pendulum has swung in favour of the liberals.
政治形势转而对自由主义者有利。
The political pendulum in American politics swung away from the right, putting an end to the12- year Republican Revolution on Capitol Hill and delivering a sharp rebuke of President Bush and the Iraq war.
美国政坛的政治钟摆从右派转向，一举结束共和党在国会山庄的十二年革命，并对布希总统和伊拉克战争发出强烈的怒吼。
grad 毕业生
whiz kids 天才学生
mathematical modeling 数学模型
game theory 博弈论
statistical analysis 数据分析
Army Air Corps 陆军航空队
fuel-transport 加油
bombing raids 空袭
成分点拨：
The pendulum began to swing in the postwar era
情况在战后开始改变
再单独翻译定语从句：
Harvard Business School grad Robert McNamara and his "whiz kids" became famous for using mathematical modeling, game theory and complex statistical analysis for the Army Air Corps,
哈佛商学院的毕业生 Robert McNamara和那些天才学生一起因为使用数学模型，博弈论和复杂的数据分析来为陆军航空队做事而名噪一时，
最后翻状语：
doing things like improving fuel-transport times and scheduling more-efficient bombing raids.
翻译是省略doing things like，直接翻为：他们减少加油的时间并且安排出更有效的空袭。
参考译文： 情况在战后开始改变， 哈佛商学院的毕业生 Robert McNamara和那些天才学生一起因为使用数学模型，博弈论和复杂的数据分析来为陆军航空队 做事而名噪一时，他们减少了加油所需要的时间并且安排出更有效的空袭。

166
Booksread in electronic form will boast the same power and some new ones to boot.The printed book is an excellent means of channeling information from writer toreader; the e-book can send information back as well. Teachers will be able tolearn of a pupil’s progress and questions; publishers will be able to see whichbooks are gulped down, which sipped slowly. Already readers can see what otherreaders have thought worthy of note, and seek out like-minded people forfurther discussion of what they have read. The private joys of the book willremain; new public pleasures are there to be added.
Whichof the following is true according to the text?
(A)The electronic books can send more information than traditional ones.
(B)The electronic books are essential for publishers to learn readers.
(C)Readers can distinguish which books are more popular with electronic form.
(D)Added happiness can be brought by the electronic books.

答案明天公布，再次感谢大家的支持！
167
不闻是一种智慧，不争是一种慈悲！
都来做题吧！
Consumers should celebrate that; the firms’ losses are their gains. But there is a catch. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs,including their own splashy advertising campaigns. In theory, competition in the market for comparison sites ought to keep those costs down. But in a recent paper, David Ronayne of Warwick University argues that consumers often lose out from comparison sites. They earn a commission for each shopper who uses them to buy insurance. That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. If the increased costs outweigh the saving the comparison enables, consumers end up worse off.
1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites?
(A) The referral cost will be increasedby splashy advertising campaigns.
(B) Consumers may not earn the commissionwhen buying the insurance.
(C) The new layer of costs may increasethe price of insurance.
(D) The insurance company may spend moreon comparison sites.
昨天题目的解析：
Books read in electronic form will boast the same power and some new ones to boot. The printed book is an excellent means of channeling information from writer to reader; the e-book can send information back as well. Teachers will be able to learn of a pupil’s progress and questions; publishers will be able to see which books are gulped down, which sipped slowly. Already readers can see what other readers have thought worthy of note, and seek out like-minded people for further discussion of what they have read. The private joys of the book will remain; new public pleasures are there to be added.
Which of the following is true according to the text?
(A) The electronic books can send more information than traditional ones.
首先这里没有直接的比较； 有同学说电子书可以把信息在返回去，所以信息会更多；对啊，你都说了是回馈信息了，是不是应该是send back 啊，send是一个单行的动词啊。当然主要还是文中没有比较了。
(B) The electronic books are essential for publishers to learn readers.
我说过的essential就没有对过。
(C) Readers can distinguish which books are more popular with electronic form.
偷换了主语，是出版商能分辨。
(D) Added happiness can be brought by the electronic books.
new public pleasures are there to be added.
新的快乐=added happiness. 正确答案！
以电子形式阅读的书籍将拥有同样的力量，并启动一些新的能力。印刷书籍是把资讯从作者传输给读者的一种上佳途径；而电子书还可以把信息反向传输。教师可以了解到学生的进展和疑问；出版商将能看到哪些书被一口气读完，哪些则被人细细品味。读者已经能够看到其他人认为哪些内容值得一提，并寻找见解相似者进一步讨论阅读的内容。书籍的私密愉悦性将保留，却会增加新的公共乐趣。 书的未来如何? 远比人们想得光明。
168
1. Why consumers often lose out from the comparison sites?
(A) The referral cost will be increased by splashy advertising campaigns.
referral cost 和splashy advertising campaigns 之间是没有关系的（看译文你就知道了）
(B) Consumers may not earn the commission when buying the insurance.
这个干扰项就是我从文中随便找了几个词拼凑在一起的。Commission 你都不知道是什么就瞎选！
(C) The new layer of costs may increase the price of insurance.
Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs.
这句话看的明白吧：新的成本是会加到保险价格上的，羊毛出在羊身上啊！
正确答案C！！！作对了就打赏呗：）
(D) The insurance company may spend more on comparison sites.
保险公司才没有花更多呢。
定位其实两个句子都是可以的：
That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying.
Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs.
这段话用了两句话来说同一个意思。
你确定那一句都是可以得出答案的！
Consumers should celebrate that; the firms’ losses are their gains. But there is a catch. Comparison sites, whether for insurance or something else, introduce a new layer of costs, including their own splashy advertising campaigns. In theory, competition in the market for comparison sites ought to keep those costs down. But in a recent paper, David Ronayne of Warwick University argues that consumers often lose out from comparison sites. They earn a commission for each shopper who uses them to buy insurance. That referral cost is incorporated into the price the consumer ends up paying. If the increased costs outweigh the saving the comparison enables, consumers end up worse off.
消费者应该欢呼雀跃，因为企业的损失正是他们的获益。然而这里有一个陷阱，无论是保险还是其他产品的比价网站都引入了新一层的成本，包括这些网站声势浩大的广告活动。理论上，比价网站之间的市场竞争应当可以压低这类成本。但华威大学（Warwick University）的戴维•罗内因（David Ronayne）最近发表的论文认为，消费者往往会因为比价网站而遭受损失。对于每个从这些网站购买保险的顾客，网站都从中赚取佣金。这一转介成本实际上被加到了产品的价格之中，最终还是由消费者买单。如果这部分增加的成本高于从比价网站获得的优惠，消费者反而将得不偿失。
今天的句子：
Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful，ground-clearing way to start. Actually，it isn't，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.
词汇突破：account 看法
Put (常用于观点的表达)
主干识别：it isn't
其他成分：Actually，状语
because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.状语从句
微观分析：it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights 状语从句的主句
which is something the world does not have 状语从句中的定语从句
翻译点拨：当翻译的句子中出现指代的时候有时需要往前找到指代的对象，并翻译出来，以语义是否通顺为标准。
it指代前面的句子可以翻译为：这种说法，isn't后面省略了so或true
这种说法并不对/情况并不是这样的
第二个it 也是指代it:这种说法认为
an agreed account 约定的看法，共同的认识
an agreed account of human rights 关于人权的约定的认识
which is something the world does not have.这个认识是世界上没有的。
参考译文： （1）这种说法是不对的，因为这种说法认为存在着一种被大家认同的关于人权的看法，而这种共识其实是不存在的。
（2） 事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
169
今天句子短，但是绝对经典实用！
写作第三段能够用到的句子!
Meanwhile , that potential threat has not escaped the attention of the government. Government is moving to head off any danger.
同时，政府察觉到了这一潜在的威胁并着手消除这样的危险。
170
在我的时文精析中我早就讲过物联网的问题呢，最近的华尔街日报也在报道这个话题，但是随之而来的安全问题也引起了人们的关注，骚年们来做题吧！
No company wants to be the first to bear the costs of updating the insecure computer systems that run most cars. We need federal safety regulations to push automakers to move, as a whole industry.Last month, a bill with privacy and cyber security standards for cars was introduced in the Senate. That’s good, but it’s only a start. We need a new understanding of car safety, and of the safety of any object running software or connecting to the Internet. It may be hard to fix security on the digital Internet, but the Internet of Things should not be built on this faulty foundation. Responding to digital threats by patching only exposed vulnerabilities is giving just